📚 Year 7 CIE Business: Key Term Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CIE 商务：词汇术语速记指南
Understanding business terminology is like learning a new language. In Year 7 CIE Business Studies, mastering key terms such as needs, wants, goods, services, and profit is essential for exam success and real-world understanding. This guide provides simple definitions and creative memory tricks to help you remember these terms quickly and permanently.
理解商务术语就像学习一门新语言。在Year 7 CIE商务课程中，掌握需要、欲望、商品、服务和利润等关键术语对于考试成功和现实理解至关重要。本指南提供简单的定义和创意记忆技巧，帮助你快速且永久地记住这些术语。
1. Needs and Wants | 需要与欲望
In business, needs are the basic items required for human survival. Examples include food, clean water, shelter, and clothing. Without these, a person cannot live healthily.
在商务中，需要是人类生存所需的基本物品。例子包括食物、清洁的水、住所和衣服。没有这些，一个人无法健康地生活。
Wants, on the other hand, are things people desire to have but are not necessary for survival. A smartphone, a video game, or a luxury car are wants. They make life more enjoyable but are not essential.
另一方面，欲望是人们渴望拥有但并非生存所必需的东西。智能手机、电子游戏或豪华汽车都是欲望。它们让生活更愉快，但不是必需品。
Memory trick: associate ‘Need’ with ‘Necessity’ (both start with N). For ‘Want’, think of ‘Wishes’ (W). You can remember: “Need it to live, Want it to thrive.”
记忆技巧：将“Need”（需要）与“Necessity”（必需品）关联（都以N开头）。对于“Want”（欲望），想一下“Wishes”（愿望）（W开头）。你可以记住：“Need it to live, Want it to thrive（需要是为了生存，欲望是为了兴旺）。”
2. Goods and Services | 商品与服务
Goods are tangible products that can be seen, touched, and stored. Examples are pens, laptops, and clothes. You can own goods and they have a physical presence.
商品是有形产品，可以看到、触摸和储存。例如笔、笔记本电脑和衣服。你可以拥有商品，它们具有物理存在。
Services are intangible activities provided by people or machines. You cannot touch a service, like a haircut, an online lesson, or banking. The value comes from the action or experience.
服务是由人或机器提供的无形活动。你无法触摸服务，比如理发、在线课程或银行业务。价值来自行动或体验。
Remember this: Goods are things you can drop on your foot. Services are things you can only feel or benefit from. Also, ‘G’ for Goods (Get hold), ‘S’ for Services (Someone does for you).
记住这一点：商品是你可以掉在脚上的东西。服务是你只能感受或受益的东西。另外，“G”代表商品（可以拿到），“S”代表服务（有人为你做）。
3. Factors of Production | 生产要素
Every business needs resources to produce goods or services. These resources are called factors of production. There are four main factors: Land, Labour, Capital, and Enterprise.
每个企业都需要资源来生产商品或服务。这些资源称为生产要素。有四个主要因素：土地、劳动力、资本和企业家才能。
Land includes all natural resources – soil, water, minerals, and climate. Labour is the human effort, both physical and mental. Capital means man-made tools, machinery, and money used in production. Enterprise is the skill of combining the other three factors, taking risks to start a business.
土地包括所有自然资源——土壤、水、矿产和气候。劳动力是人类的努力，包括体力和脑力。资本指生产中使用的工具、机器和资金。企业家才能是结合其他三个因素、承担创业风险的技能。
To remember the order, use the acronym CELL: Capital, Enterprise, Land, Labour – imagine a cell in biology working together. Or create a story: ‘Lazy Lions Catch Elephants’ (Land, Labour, Capital, Enterprise).
为了记住顺序，使用缩略词CELL：资本、企业家才能、土地、劳动力——想象一个生物学中的细胞协同工作。或者编一个故事：“懒狮子抓大象”（土地、劳动力、资本、企业家才能）。
4. Opportunity Cost | 机会成本
When you make a choice, you give up the next best alternative. This lost alternative is the opportunity cost. It is not about money only – it includes time, benefits, or satisfaction.
当你做出选择时，你放弃了次优替代方案。这个被放弃的替代选择就是机会成本。它不仅涉及金钱——还包括时间、利益或满足感。
For example, if you spend £10 on a cinema ticket, the opportunity cost might be the book or meal you could have bought instead. In business, a firm choosing to produce sneakers over sandals faces the opportunity cost of the profit from sandals.
例如，如果你花10英镑买电影票，机会成本可能是你本可以买的书或餐食。在商业中，一家选择生产运动鞋而非凉鞋的公司面临的机会成本是凉鞋的利润。
Think of opportunity cost as the ‘invisible price tag’ of your decision. Use the phrase: ‘What would you have done instead?’ Whenever you pick one option, silently ask yourself what you are giving up.
把机会成本想象成你决策的“隐形价格标签”。使用这句话：“你本来会做什么代替？”每当你选择一个选项时，默默问自己你放弃了什么。
5. Entrepreneur | 企业家
An entrepreneur is an individual who spots a business opportunity, takes the risk to start a new venture, and combines the factors of production. They are innovators and leaders, like Steve Jobs or local shop owners.
企业家是发现商机、承担创业风险并组合生产要素的个人。他们是创新者和领导者，如史蒂夫·乔布斯或当地店主。
Entrepreneurs are not just people with money; they are problem-solvers who accept uncertainty. Their reward is profit if successful, but they may face failure. The word comes from French ‘entreprendre’ meaning ‘to undertake’.
企业家不仅仅是拥有资金的人；他们是接受不确定性的问题解决者。如果成功，他们的回报是利润，但他们可能面临失败。这个词源自法语“entreprendre”，意思是“承担”。
To remember ‘entrepreneur’, break it into parts: entre-pre-neur. Associate ‘neur’ with ‘nerve’ – they need courage. Also, think of an ‘enterprise’ (business) run by an entrepreneur.
为了记住“企业家”，把它拆开：entre-pre-neur。把“neur”与“nerve”（勇气）关联——他们需要勇气。同时，想一想企业家经营的“enterprise”（企业）。
6. Stakeholders | 利益相关者
Stakeholders are all the people or groups who have an interest in a business and are affected by its actions. Common stakeholders include owners, employees, customers, suppliers, banks, the local community, and the government.
利益相关者是对企业有兴趣并受其行为影响的所有人或团体。常见的利益相关者包括所有者、员工、顾客、供应商、银行、当地社区和政府。
Each stakeholder group has different objectives. For example, owners want high profits, employees want good wages, and customers want quality at low prices. Sometimes these goals conflict.
每个利益相关者群体都有不同的目标。例如，所有者想要高利润，员工想要高工资，顾客想要低价优质。有时这些目标是冲突的。
Visualise a ‘stake’ in the ground – each stakeholder has planted a stake, meaning they have something to gain or lose. List them using the acronym OCEANS: Owners, Customers, Employees, All others (community, government), Nature (environment), Suppliers.
想象地上插着一根“桩子”（stake）——每个利益相关者都插了一根桩，这意味着他们有利害关系。使用缩略词OCEANS来记忆：所有者、顾客、员工、所有其他人（社区、政府）、自然（环境）、供应商。
7. Business Objectives | 商业目标
Business objectives are the specific goals a business aims to achieve. Typical objectives include survival (especially for new firms), profit maximisation, growth (expanding sales or outlets), and social objectives (helping the community).
商业目标是企业旨在实现的具体目标。典型目标包括生存（特别对新公司）、利润最大化、增长（扩大销售或门店）和社会目标（帮助社区）。
Objectives give a business direction and help measure success. A start-up might focus on survival, while a well-established firm might aim to become the market leader. Charities may prioritise social impact over profit.
目标为企业指明方向并有助于衡量成功。初创企业可能专注于生存，而成熟企业可能想成为市场领导者。慈善机构可能优先考虑社会影响而非利润。
Use the first letters of common objectives to form a memorable word: SPGS – Survival, Profit, Growth, Social. Think of ‘spaghetti’? Or just remember: Businesses go from ‘just survive’ to ‘thrive’.
使用常见目标的首字母组成一个难忘的词：SPGS——生存、利润、增长、社会。想象“spaghetti”？或者只记住：企业从“求生存”到“求繁荣”。
8. Revenue and Costs | 收入与成本
Revenue is the total money a business earns from selling its goods or services, before any deductions. It is calculated by multiplying the selling price per unit by the number of units sold. The formula is simple.
收入是企业在扣除任何费用之前，通过销售商品或服务赚取的总金额。它通过单位售价乘以销售数量来计算。公式很简单。
Revenue = Selling Price × Quantity Sold
收入 = 售价 × 销售量
Costs are the expenses a business incurs to produce and deliver its products. These include fixed costs (rent, salaries) that do not change with output, and variable costs (raw materials) that vary directly with production.
成本是企业为生产和交付产品而发生的费用。包括固定成本（租金、工资）不随产量变化，以及可变成本（原材料）随生产直接变化。
Profit = Revenue – Total Costs
利润 =
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 商务 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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