Year 7 CIE Engineering: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CIE 工程：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 CIE Engineering: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CIE 工程：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering key vocabulary is the first step to thinking like an engineer. This guide gives you clear definitions, memorable hooks, and bilingual support to help every Year 7 student build confidence with the terminology that underpins forces, materials, circuits, and the design process. Use these quick-reference cards to learn, review, and test yourself – whether you’re preparing for a checkpoint assessment or starting your first CAD project.

掌握核心术语是像工程师一样思考的第一步。本指南提供清晰的定义、巧妙的记忆钩子和中英双语支持，帮助每一位 Year 7 学生建立关于力、材料、电路和设计过程的术语信心。你可以把这些速记条目当作卡片来学习、复习和自测——无论你是在为 checkpoint 评估做准备，还是刚开始第一个 CAD 项目。

1. Forces and Motion | 力与运动

Force

力

A force is a push or a pull acting on an object. It can change an object’s speed, direction, or shape. The unit of force is the newton (N).

力是作用在物体上的推或拉。它可以改变物体的速度、方向或形状。力的单位是牛顿 (N)。

Memory aid: Think of the word ‘F’ for Force and ‘P’ for Push and Pull. Another trick: ‘Fast & Pull’ – forces always come in action pairs.

记忆方法：看到 Force 想字母 “F”，再联想 Push 和 Pull 的首字母 “P”。也可以记作“快速推拉”——力总是成对出现的。

Friction

摩擦力

Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. It can be useful (grip on tyres) or unwanted (heat in engine parts).

摩擦力是阻碍两接触表面相对运动的力。它可能有用（轮胎的抓地力），也可能产生不利影响（发动机零件发热）。

Memory aid: ‘Friction Fights motion.’ It always acts in the opposite direction to movement. Think of rubbing your hands together to feel friction.

记忆方法：“摩擦力反抗运动。”它的方向总与运动方向相反。想一想搓手时感受到的热和阻力。

Gravity

重力

Gravity is the force of attraction between any two masses. On Earth, it gives objects weight and pulls them towards the centre of the planet (9.8 N/kg).

重力是任意两物体质量之间的吸引力。在地球上，它赋予物体重量，并将它们拉向地心（9.8 N/kg）。

Memory aid: ‘Gravity Grabs and keeps you Grounded.’ Everything with mass is affected by gravity.

记忆方法：“重力抓住你，让你脚踏实地。”凡是具有质量的物体都会受重力影响。

Tension

张力

Tension is a pulling force transmitted through a string, cable, or chain when it is stretched. It always pulls along the length of the material.

张力是通过绳子、缆绳或链条传递的拉力。它总是沿着材料长度的方向拉拽。

Memory aid: ‘Tension Tightens.’ Imagine a rubber band being stretched – the force inside trying to pull the ends back is tension.

记忆方法：“张力绷紧。”想象一根被拉长的橡皮筋，内部想要把两端拉回的力就是张力。

---

2. Materials and Their Properties | 材料及其特性

Tensile strength

抗拉强度

Tensile strength is the maximum pulling force a material can withstand before breaking. High tensile strength is essential for cables and ropes.

抗拉强度是材料在被拉断前能承受的最大拉力。高抗拉强度对缆绳和绳索至关重要。

Memory aid: ‘Tensile = Tension + Strength.’ Think of a tug-of-war: the rope with the highest tensile strength wins.

记忆方法：“Tensile = Tension (拉力) + Strength (强度)。”想象拔河比赛：抗拉强度最高的绳子会赢。

Compressive strength

抗压强度

Compressive strength is the ability of a material to resist being crushed or squashed. Concrete and brick have high compressive strength.

抗压强度是材料抵抗被压碎或压扁的能力。混凝土和砖块具有很高的抗压强度。

Memory aid: ‘Compress = Press together.’ Imagine stacking heavy books on a pillar – the pillar’s compressive strength keeps it standing.

记忆方法：“压缩就是压在一起。”想象在一根柱子上堆放重书——柱子的抗压强度让它屹立不倒。

Ductility

延展性

Ductility is a material’s ability to be drawn into thin wires without breaking. Copper is highly ductile, which is why it is used in electrical wiring.

延展性是材料在不折断的情况下被拉成细丝的能力。铜的延展性极好，所以被用于电线。

Memory aid: ‘Ductile = Drawn into Duct (wire).’ The word ‘duct’ hints at the ability to stretch.

记忆方法：“Ductile 联想 Duct (管道/线管)。”能够被拉长成线管的材料就是延展性材料。

Brittleness

脆性

Brittleness is the tendency of a material to break or snap suddenly without significant deformation. Glass and cast iron are brittle materials.

脆性是材料在无明显变形的情况下突然断裂的趋势。玻璃和铸铁是脆性材料。

Memory aid: ‘Brittle breaks like a biscuit.’ There is very little bending before it fractures.

记忆方法：“脆性像饼干一样折断。”它在断裂前几乎不会弯曲。

---

3. Structures and Stability | 结构与稳定性

Load

载荷

A load is a force applied to a structure or its components. Loads can be static (steady weight) or dynamic (moving forces, like wind).

载荷是施加在结构或其部件上的力。载荷可以是静载（稳定不变的重量）或动载（移动的力，如风）。

Memory aid: ‘Load = What the structure carries.’ Just like a backpack is the load you carry, a beam carries floor loads.

记忆方法：“载荷就是结构所承载的重量。”就像你背上的书包是载荷，梁承载着楼板的载荷。

Centre of gravity

重心

The centre of gravity is the single point where the entire weight of an object appears to act. For a symmetrical shape, it lies at the geometric centre.

重心是物体全部重量看似集中的那个点。对于对称形状，重心位于几何中心。

Memory aid: ‘Gravity pulls from the centre.’ Balance a ruler on your finger – the point where it balances is its centre of gravity.

记忆方法：“重力从中心拉。”把一把尺子放在手指上平衡——平衡点就是它的重心。

Stability

稳定性

Stability is the ability of a structure to resist toppling over. A low centre of gravity and a wide base increase stability.

稳定性是结构抵抗倾倒的能力。低重心和宽大的底座能增加稳定性。

Memory aid: ‘Wide base, low centre = stable.’ Think of a racing car with wheels far apart and low bodywork.

记忆方法：“宽底座、低重心就稳定。”想想轮距宽、车身低的赛车。

Strut and Tie

撑杆与拉杆

A strut is a structural member designed to resist compression, while a tie is designed to resist tension. In truss bridges, struts are often thicker, and ties are slender.

撑杆是设计用于承受压力（压缩）的结构件，而拉杆承受拉力。在桁架桥中，撑杆通常较粗，拉杆较细。

Memory aid: ‘Strut = Supports Squashing, Tie = Takes Tension.’ ‘Tie’ rhymes with ‘tension tie’.

记忆方法：“Strut 支撑受压，Tie 承担受拉。”Tie 和 Tension 都与“拉”有关联。

---

4. Mechanisms and Simple Machines | 机构与简单机械

Lever

杠杆

A lever is a rigid bar that pivots around a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is used to amplify an input force to lift a heavy load.

杠杆是绕一个固定点（支点）转动的刚性杆。它用于放大输入的力，以抬起重物。

Memory aid: ‘Lift Easy with a Lever – Everything is multiplied.’ The longer the effort arm, the less force needed.

记忆方法：“用杠杆轻松抬起——力量被放大了。”施力臂越长，所需的力越小。

Gear

齿轮

A gear is a toothed wheel that meshes with another gear to transmit torque and change speed or direction. A smaller gear driving a larger gear increases torque.

齿轮是一个有齿的轮子，与另一齿轮啮合以传递转矩并改变转速或方向。小齿轮驱动大齿轮会增加转矩。

Memory aid: ‘Gears Go together and give mechanical advantage.’ Think of the gears on a bicycle – they trade speed for ease of pedalling.

记忆方法：“Gear 一起转动，带来机械效益。”想想自行车的齿轮——它们用速度换轻松的踩踏。

Pulley

滑轮

A pulley is a wheel with a groove for a rope or belt, used to change the direction of a force or to multiply effort. Multiple pulleys reduce the effort needed to lift a load.

滑轮是一个带凹槽的轮子，用于改变力的方向或放大作用力。多个滑轮组合（滑轮组）能减少提升载荷所需的力。

Memory aid: ‘Pull with a pulley.’ More rope sections supporting the load mean less effort.

记忆方法：“用滑轮拉。”支承载荷的绳索段数越多，所需的力越小。

Linkage

连杆机构

A linkage is a system of rigid bars connected by joints to transmit motion and force. A four-bar linkage can change the type of motion, such as rotary to oscillating.

连杆机构是由铰链连接的一组刚性杆，用于传递运动和力。四连杆机构可以改变运动形式，例如将转动变为摆动。

Memory aid: ‘Linked bars link actions.’ An example is the wiper mechanism on a car – a motor turns, and linkages move the wipers.

记忆方法：“连杆连接动作。”汽车雨刮器就是一个例子——马达转动，连杆带动雨刮器摆动。

---

5. Energy Sources and Transfers | 能源与能量转换

Kinetic energy

动能

Kinetic energy is the energy stored in moving objects. The faster an object moves and the greater its mass, the more kinetic energy it has.

动能是运动物体储存的能量。物体运动越快、质量越大，其动能就越大。

Memory aid: ‘Kinetic = Moving – both have a ‘k’ sound.’ Imagine a rolling bowling ball: its kinetic energy knocks down the pins.

记忆方法：“Kinetic 与 ‘运动’ 同有动感。”想象滚动的保龄球：它的动能可以击倒球瓶。

Potential energy

势能

Gravitational potential energy is energy stored in an object because of its height above the ground. It increases with mass and height.

重力势能是因物体离地高度而储存的能量。它随质量和高度增加而增加。

Memory aid: ‘Potential means possible – the energy is waiting to be released.’ A book on a high shelf has gravitational potential energy.

记忆方法：“Potential 指潜在的——能量蓄势待发。”放在高架子上的书就具有重力势能。

Renewable energy

可再生能源

Renewable energy comes from sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, hydro, tidal, and biomass. They do not run out on a human timescale.

可再生能源来自可自然补充的来源，如太阳能、风能、水力、潮汐能和生物质能。在人类时间尺度上它们不会耗尽。

Memory aid: ‘Renew = Again and again.’ Think of the sun rising every day – solar power is renewable.

记忆方法：“Renew 就是不断更新。”太阳每天升起，太阳能就是可再生的。

Non-renewable energy

不可再生能源

Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, exist in finite amounts. Once used, they cannot be replaced within a short period.

不可再生能源（如煤、石油和天然气）储量有限。一旦使用，短期内无法补充。

Memory aid: ‘Non-renewable – once gone, it’s gone.’ Fossil fuels took millions of years to form.

记忆方法：“不可再生——用完即无。”化石燃料经过数百万年才形成。

---

6. Electrical Circuits and Components | 电路与元件

Voltage

电压

Voltage (potential difference) is the push that drives electric charge around a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and provided by a battery or power supply.

电压（电势差）是推动电荷在电路中流动的动力。它以伏特 (V) 为单位，由电池或电源提供。

Memory aid: ‘Voltage gives the Volts to move electrons.’ Think of voltage as electrical pressure pushing current.

记忆方法：“Voltage 提供伏特让电子移动。”把电压想象成推动电流的电气压力。

Current

电流

Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge. It is measured in amperes (A). Current flows from the positive terminal to the negative in conventional theory.

电流是电荷流动的速率，以安培 (A) 为单位。在常规理论中，电流从正极流向负极。

Memory aid: ‘Current flows like a Current of water.’ More charge per second means a higher current.

记忆方法：“电流像水流一样流动。”每秒流过的电荷越多，电流越大。

Resistance

电阻

Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms (Ω). Components like resistors are used to control current.

电阻是对电流流动的阻碍，以欧姆 (Ω) 为单位。电阻器等元件用于控制电流。

Memory aid: ‘Resistance restricts.’ The higher the resistance, the harder it is for current to flow.

记忆方法：“Resistance 就是限制。”电阻越大，电流越难流动。

Series circuit

串联电路

In a series circuit, components are connected end to end so there is only one path for current. If one component breaks, the whole circuit stops working.

在串联电路中，元件首尾相连，电流只有一条路径。如果一个元件断开，整个电路便停止工作。

Memory aid: ‘Series – Single loop, stop if one fails.’ Old-fashioned fairy lights often use series circuits.

记忆方法：“串联——单回路，一个坏全灭。”老式彩灯常使用串联电路。

---

7. Design Process and Prototyping | 设计过程与原型制作

Design brief

设计任务书

A design brief is a statement outlining the problem to be solved, the needs of the user, and the key constraints. It guides the entire engineering design process.

设计任务书是概述待解决问题、用户需求及关键约束的陈述文件。它指导整个工程设计过程。

Memory aid: ‘Brief = Short summary of the task.’ It answers ‘What needs to be achieved?’ before you start drawing.

记忆方法：“Brief 就是对任务的简短总结。”在动手画之前，它先回答“要实现什么目标？”。

Specification

规格与要求

A specification lists the measurable criteria a successful design must meet, such as dimensions, weight, materials, cost, and performance targets.

规格清单列出了成功设计必须满足的可测量标准，如尺寸、重量、材料、成本和性能指标。

Memory aid: ‘Specify the details – SPEC.’ A specification turns the design brief into numbers.

记忆方法：“Spec 就是详细说明。”规格把设计任务书变成具体的数字。

Prototype

原型

A prototype is an early, working model of a product used to test and refine ideas. It may be made from different materials than the final product.

原型是产品的早期可工作模型，用于测试和改进设计想法。它可能使用与最终产品不同的材料制作。

Memory aid: ‘Proto means first – the first type built.’ Prototypes help identify flaws before mass production.

记忆方法：“Proto 意为最初——第一个建造的类型。”原型有助于在大规模生产前发现缺陷。

Evaluation

评价

Evaluation is the process of testing a design against the specification and user needs, then identifying improvements. It is a continuous cycle in engineering.

评价是依据规格和用户需求对设计进行测试并识别改进之处的过程。在工程中它是一个持续循环。

Memory aid: ‘E-value-ation – assess its value.’ Ask: ‘Does it meet the brief? Can it be made better?’

记忆方法：“Evaluation——评估其价值。”提问：“它满足任务书要求吗？还能做得更好吗？”

---

8. Tools, Equipment and Safety | 工具、设备与安全

Engineer’s vice

台虎钳

An engineer’s vice is a mechanical clamping device fixed to a workbench, used to hold a workpiece securely while cutting, filing, or drilling.

台虎钳是固定在工作台上的机械夹持装置，用于在切割、锉削或钻孔时牢固地固定工件。

Memory aid: ‘Vice grips it tight, like a vice.’ Always keep hands away from moving parts when tightening.

记忆方法：“Vice（虎钳）像老虎钳一样紧紧咬住。”拧紧时手要远离活动部件。

Hacksaw

弓锯

A hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw with a tensioned blade in a frame, used for cutting metal and plastic. The blade can be replaced when worn out.

弓锯是一种带有张紧锯条和框架的细齿锯，用于切割金属和塑料。锯条磨损后可以更换。

Memory aid: ‘Hack through hard stuff – Hacksaw.’ Keep the blade tensioned and cut on the forward stroke.

记忆方法：“Hack 意为砍劈——弓锯对付硬材料。”保持锯条张紧，并在向前推时切割。

File

锉刀

A file is a hand tool with a rough surface used to remove small amounts of material, smooth edges, or shape parts. Different grades offer coarse to fine cuts.

锉刀是一种表面粗糙的手工工具，用于去除少量材料、修整边缘或塑形。不同等级的锉刀提供粗到细的切削。

Memory aid: ‘File smooths like a nail file.’ Always push the file away from you; do not use it without a handle.

记忆方法：“File 像指甲锉一样打磨光滑。”锉刀总是向前推出，没有手柄不可使用。

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

个人防护装备 (PPE)

PPE includes safety goggles, gloves, ear defenders, and steel-toe boots. It protects engineers from injuries such as flying debris, noise, and chemicals.

PPE 包括安全护目镜、手套、耳罩和钢头鞋。它保护工程师免受飞溅碎屑、噪音和化学品等伤害。

Memory aid: ‘PPE protects people from dangers.’ Always wear goggles when cutting or drilling.

记忆方法：“PPE 保护人身安全。”在切割或钻孔时务必佩戴护目镜。

---

9. Measurement and Units | 测量与单位

Mass

质量

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It is constant everywhere and measured in kilograms (kg). An electronic balance is used to measure mass.

质量是物体所含物质的量。它处处恒定，以千克 (kg) 为单位。常用电子天平测量质量。

Memory aid: ‘Mass stays the same – even on the Moon.’ Do not confuse mass with weight.

记忆方法：“质量不变——即使在月球上。”不要将质量与重量混淆。

Weight

重量

Weight is the force caused by gravity acting on a mass. It is measured in newtons (N) and can change with location. Weight = mass × gravitational field strength.

重量是重力作用于质量所产生的力。它用牛顿 (N) 度量，且随地点变化。重量 = 质量 × 重力场强度。

Memory aid: ‘Weight = gravity’s pull.’ Your weight on Mars would be less because gravity there is weaker.

记忆方法：“重量就是重力的拉力。”在火星上你的重量会更小，因为那里的重力较弱。

Density

密度Published by TutorHao | Year 7 工程 Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）