Year 7 CIE French: Grammar Formulas & Theorems Quick Reference | Year 7 CIE 法语:公式定理速查手册

📚 Year 7 CIE French: Grammar Formulas & Theorems Quick Reference | Year 7 CIE 法语:公式定理速查手册

Mastering French at Year 7 level becomes much easier when you treat grammar rules like mathematical formulas. Once you learn the core patterns, you can slot in new vocabulary and build correct sentences every time. This quick reference handbook gathers all the essential ‘grammar formulas’ you need for CIE Year 7 French, from articles and verb conjugations to question forming and negation. Each section is presented as a clear, repeatable rule so you can revise efficiently and write and speak with confidence.

把语法规则当作数学公式来学,Year 7 法语会简单许多。一旦掌握核心模式,你就能套入新词汇,每次都能造出正确的句子。这本速查手册汇集了 CIE Year 7 法语必备的所有“语法公式”,从冠词、动词变位到提问和否定,每节都以清晰、可套用的规则呈现,帮助你高效复习,自信地写说法语。

1. The Article Formulas | 冠词公式

French nouns almost always appear with an article. For definite articles (the), use le before masculine singular nouns, la before feminine singular nouns, l’ before singular nouns beginning with a vowel or silent h, and les for all plurals regardless of gender. Think of it as a formula: Definite article = le/la/l’/les depending on the noun’s gender and number.

法语名词几乎总是和冠词一起出现。定冠词(相当于“这个/这些”)在阳性单数名词前用 le,阴性单数名词前用 la,以元音或哑音 h 开头的单数名词前用 l’,所有复数名词一律用 les。可记作公式:定冠词 = le/la/l’/les,取决于名词的性和数。

For indefinite articles (a/an/some), the formulas are equally straightforward: un for masculine singular, une for feminine singular, and des for all plurals. There is no contraction before vowels; you simply use un or une as normal.

不定冠词(一个/一些)的公式同样直接:阳性单数用 un,阴性单数用 une,所有复数用 des。元音前无需缩写,照常用 un 或 une 即可。

English Masculine Feminine Before vowel/h Plural
Definite (the) le (le livre) la (la table) l’ (l’ami, l’histoire) les (les livres, les tables)
Indefinite (a/an/some) un (un stylo) une (une chaise) un/une (un arbre, une école) des (des stylos, des chaises)

2. Noun Gender and Plural Formulas | 名词阴阳性与复数公式

Every French noun has a gender: masculine or feminine. While there is no absolute rule, many feminine nouns end in -e, -ion, or -té, while masculine nouns often end in a consonant, -age, or -ment. Treat gender as part of the vocabulary: always learn the article with the noun. Formula: noun = article + noun, and the article reveals the gender.

每个法语名词都有阴阳性。虽然没有绝对规律,但很多阴性名词以 -e、-ion 或 -té 结尾,阳性名词常以辅音、-age 或 -ment 结尾。要把性作为词汇的一部分来学,始终连同冠词一起记忆。公式:名词 = 冠词 + 名词,冠词揭示阴阳性。

To form regular plurals, simply add -s to the singular noun. If the noun already ends in -s, -x, or -z, the plural form stays the same. Words ending in -eau or -eu add -x (e.g. un bateau → des bateaux, un jeu → des jeux). Some common words ending in -al change to -aux (un animal → des animaux).

规则复数形式只需在单数名词后加 -s。若单词本身以 -s、-x 或 -z 结尾,复数不变。以 -eau 或 -eu 结尾的词加 -x(如 un bateau → des bateaux, un jeu → des jeux)。一些以 -al 结尾的常用词变为 -aux(un animal → des animaux)。


3. Subject Pronoun Formula | 主语代词公式

Subject pronouns are the building blocks of every French sentence. The formula set is fixed: je (I), tu (you, singular informal), il (he/it), elle (she/it), on (one/we informally), nous (we), vous (you, plural or formal), ils (they, masculine or mixed), elles (they, feminine only). Je becomes j’ before a vowel or silent h.

主语代词是每个法语句子的基石。这套代词是固定的:je(我),tu(你,非正式单数),il(他/它),elle(她/它),on(人们/口语中我们),nous(我们),vous(你们/您),ils(他们,阳性或混合),elles(她们,阴性)。je 在元音或哑音 h 前变成 j’。

Always match the verb form to the subject pronoun. For example, with a regular -er verb, the endings are -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent. Think: pronoun + verb stem + ending = correct verb form. We will see this in detail next.

动词形式必须与主语代词匹配。例如规则 -er 动词,词尾分别是 -e、-es、-e、-ons、-ez、-ent。可记作:代词 + 动词词干 + 词尾 = 正确的动词变位。接下来将详细说明。


4. Present Tense Regular -ER Verbs Formula | 规则 -ER 动词现在时变位公式

More than 80% of French verbs follow the -ER pattern. The formula: take the infinitive, remove -er to find the stem, then add the endings: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent. For example, with parler (to speak): je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent.

超过 80% 的法语动词遵循 -ER 模式。公式:取动词原形,去掉 -er 得到词干,然后加上词尾:-e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent。例如 parler(说话):je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent。

Pronunciation tip: the singular forms and the third person plural all sound the same (parle, parles, parle, parlent are pronounced [paʁl]). Only the nous and vous forms have a distinctly different sound. Learn the pattern as a chant: e, es, e, ons, ez, ent.

发音提示:单数形式和第三人称复数发音相同(parle、parles、parle、parlent 都读作 [paʁl])。只有 nous 和 vous 的发音有明显区别。可以把词尾当作口诀来记:e, es, e, ons, ez, ent。


5. Regular -IR and -RE Verbs Formulas | 规则 -IR 和 -RE 动词变位公式

For regular -IR verbs like finir (to finish), remove -ir to get the stem, then add -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent. Notice that the plural forms insert -ss- before the ending. Formula: stem + (is/is/it) for singular, stem + iss + ons/ez/ent for plural.

对于像 finir(完成)这样的规则 -IR 动词,去掉 -ir 得到词干,然后加上 -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent。注意复数形式在词尾前插入 -ss-。公式:单数 = 词干 + (is/is/it),复数 = 词干 + iss + ons/ez/ent。

Regular -RE verbs such as vendre (to sell) follow a different pattern: drop -re to get the stem, then add -s, -s, nothing, -ons, -ez, -ent. The il/elle/on form simply uses the bare stem. So vendre becomes: je vends, tu vends, il/elle vend, nous vendons, vous vendez, ils/elles vendent.

规则 -RE 动词如 vendre(卖)遵循另一种模式:去掉 -re 得到词干,加上 -s, -s, 无词尾, -ons, -ez, -ent。il/elle/on 形式直接用词干。因此 vendre 变为:je vends, tu vends, il/elle vend, nous vendons, vous vendez, ils/elles vendent。


6. Key Irregular Verbs: Big Four Formulas | 四大不规则动词公式

The four most important irregular verbs must be memorised exactly. Treat them as special formulas: avoir (to have), être (to be), aller (to go), and faire (to do/make). Their present tense forms are non-negotiable building blocks.

四个最重要的不规则动词必须准确记忆。把它们当作特殊公式看待:avoir(有),être(是),aller(去),faire(做)。它们的现在时形式是无法替代的构建块。

Pronoun avoir être aller faire
je/j’ ai suis vais fais
tu as es vas fais
il/elle/on a est va fait
nous avons sommes allons faisons
vous avez êtes allez faites
ils/elles ont sont vont font

Use avoir to express age (J’ai douze ans – I am 12), pets, and belongings. Use être for descriptions, nationality, and with the phrase ‘il y a’ (there is/are) which uses a form of avoir actually, but être itself is for identity. Aller constructs the near future (je vais manger = I am going to eat). Faire appears in many expressions like faire du sport (do sport) and Quel temps fait-il? (What’s the weather like?).

用 avoir 表达年龄(J’ai douze ans – 我12岁)、宠物和所属。用 être 进行描述、表达国籍,虽然“il y a”(有)用的是 avoir,但 être 本身表身份。aller 构成最近将来时(je vais manger – 我将要吃)。faire 出现在许多表达中,如 faire du sport(做运动)和 Quel temps fait-il?(天气如何?)。


7. Adjective Agreement Formula | 形容词配合公式

In French, most adjectives change their form to match the gender and number of the noun they describe. The basic formula: start with the masculine singular form (the default). Add -e to make it feminine (unless it already ends in -e). Add -s to make it plural. Add both -e and -s for feminine plural. For example, grand (tall, big) → grande, grands, grandes.

法语大多数形容词需要与所修饰名词的性和数配合。基本公式:以阳性单数形式(默认形式)为基础。加 -e 变阴性(若已以 -e 结尾则不变)。加 -s 变复数。阴复同时加 -e 和 -s。例如 grand → grande, grands, grandes。

Some adjectives have irregular feminine forms: blanc → blanche, bon → bonne, heureux → heureuse, long → longue. Common plural exceptions include words ending in -s or -x in the masculine singular, which stay the same in masculine plural (e.g. gros stays gros). Adjectives like beau become bel before a masculine vowel sound, and belle in feminine.

有些形容词的阴性不规则:blanc → blanche,bon → bonne,heureux → heureuse,long → longue。常见的复数例外:阳性单数以 -s 或 -x 结尾的形容词,阳性复数不变(如 gros 仍为 gros)。形容词 beau 在阳性元音前变为 bel,阴性为 belle。


8. Possessive Adjective Formula | 主有形容词公式

Possessive adjectives in French agree with the noun they describe, not the owner’s gender exactly as in English. For masculine singular nouns: mon, ton, son, notre, votre, leur. For feminine singular: ma, ta, sa, notre, votre, leur. For all plurals: mes, tes, ses, nos, vos, leurs. However, before a feminine singular noun starting with a vowel or silent h, use the masculine form (mon amie, not ma amie).

法语主有形容词要与所修饰的名词性数配合,而不是像英语那样仅与主人性别对应。阳性单数名词前用:mon, ton, son, notre, votre, leur。阴性单数用:ma, ta, sa, notre, votre, leur。所有复数用:mes, tes, ses, nos, vos, leurs。但在以元音或哑音 h 开头的阴性单数名词前,使用阳性形式(如 mon amie,而非 ma amie)。

A quick reference formula: ask ‘what is the noun’s gender and number?’ then select from the table. For ‘my’: mon + masculine or vowel-feminine, ma + consonant-feminine, mes + plural. For ‘your’ (singular): ton, ta, tes. For ‘his/her/its’: son, sa, ses. For ‘our’: notre (singular), nos (plural). For ‘your’ (plural/formal): votre, vos. For ‘their’: leur, leurs.

速查公式:先问“名词的性和数是什么?”,然后从表格中选取。表达“我的”:mon + 阳性或元音阴性,ma + 辅音阴性,mes + 复数。“你的”(单数):ton, ta, tes。“他的/她的/它的”:son, sa, ses。“我们的”:notre(单数),nos(复数)。“你们的/您的”:votre, vos。“他们的/她们的”:leur, leurs。


9. Forming Questions: Three Formulas | 提问三公式

French questions can be built in three main ways. Formula 1: simply raise your intonation at the end of a statement. Tu aimes le chocolat ? (You like chocolate?) This is very common in spoken French. Formula 2: use Est-ce que + statement. Est-ce que tu aimes le chocolat ? This is the go-to formula for any tense because it requires no word order change. Formula 3: inversion – invert the subject pronoun and the verb, linked by a hyphen. Aimes-tu le chocolat ? For il/elle/on forms with a vowel-ending verb, add a -t- between the verb and pronoun for pronunciation: Parle-t-il français ?

法语问句有三种主要构成方式。公式一:在陈述句末尾提高语调。Tu aimes le chocolat ? 这在口语中很常见。公式二:用 Est-ce que + 陈述句。Est-ce que tu aimes le chocolat ? 这是适用于任何时态的万能公式,无需改变语序。公式三:倒装——将主语代词和动词颠倒并用连字符连接。Aimes-tu le chocolat ? 对于 il/elle/on 形式,若动词以元音结尾,在动词与代词之间加 -t- 以便发音:Parle-t-il français ?

With question words (où, quand, comment, pourquoi, combien de), place them at the beginning of any of these structures. For example: Où habites-tu ? / Où est-ce que tu habites ? / Tu habites où ? (informal). The formula for ‘how many’ is Combien de + noun + verb … ? Always follow de with the plural noun directly.

使用疑问词(où, quand, comment, pourquoi, combien de)时,把它们放在上述任一结构的开头。例如:Où habites-tu ? / Où est-ce que tu habites ? / Tu habites où ?(非正式)。 “多少”的公式是 Combien de + 名词 + 动词 … ? de 后直接接复数名词。


10. Negation Formula | 否定式公式

The basic negation formula wraps the verb: ne + verb + pas. Je parle → Je ne parle pas. Ne becomes n’ before a vowel or silent h. Je n’aime pas. This formula works for all tenses in simple negation.

基本否定公式用“三明治”结构包裹动词:ne + 动词 + pas。Je parle → Je ne parle pas。ne 在元音或哑音 h 前变成 n’。Je n’aime pas。该公式适用于所有时态的简单否定。

For compound expressions, other negative words replace pas: ne… jamais (never), ne… rien (nothing), ne… personne (nobody), ne… plus (no longer). Personne usually goes after the past participle or infinitive. Example: Je ne vois rien. Il n’y a personne.

对于复合否定,其他否定词会替换 pas:ne… jamais(从不),ne… rien(没什么),ne… personne(没有人),ne… plus(不再)。personne 通常放在过去分词或不定式之后。例如:Je ne vois rien。Il n’y a personne。


11. Prepositions of Place and Basic Adverbs Formula | 地点介词与基本副词公式

Learn these as set phrases because they often follow geographical rules or fixed structures. Key prepositions: à (to/at), en (in, used with feminine countries and regions), au (in, for masculine countries), aux (in, for plural countries), dans (inside), sur (on), sous (under), devant (in front of), derrière (behind), entre (between). With cities, use à: à Paris, à Londres.

把这些当作固定搭配来学,因为它们通常遵循地理或固定结构规则。关键介词:à(在/去),en(在,用于阴性国名和地区),au(在,用于阳性国名),aux(在,用于复数国名),dans(在…里面),sur(在…上面),sous(在…下面),devant(在…前面),derrière(在…后面),entre(在…之间)。城市前用 à:à Paris, à Londres。

Adverbs of place and frequency often go right after the conjugated verb. Common adverbs: ici (here), là/là-bas (there/over there), partout (everywhere), quelque part (somewhere), toujours (always), souvent (often), parfois (sometimes), rarement (rarely). Example: Je joue souvent au tennis.

地点与频率副词常紧跟变位动词。常见副词:ici(这里),là/là-bas(那里/那边),partout(到处),quelque part(某处),toujours(总是),souvent(经常),parfois(有时),rarement(很少)。例如:Je joue souvent au tennis。


12. Numbers, Time and Dates Formulas | 数字、时间与日期公式

Numbers 0-20 must be memorised: zéro, un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt. From 21-69, the pattern is tens + hyphen + unit, but 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 use et un (vingt et un, trente et un). For 70, 80, 90: 70 = 60+10 (soixante-dix), 80 = 4×20 (quatre-vingts), 90 = 80+10 (quatre-vingt-dix). 71 is soixante et onze, 72 soixante-douze, etc.

数字 0-20 必须熟记:zéro, un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt。21-69 的模式是“十位 + 连字符 + 个位”,但 21、31、41、51、61 使用 et un(vingt et un, trente et un)。70、80、90:70 = 60+10(soixante-dix),80 = 4×20(quatre-vingts),90 = 80+10(quatre-vingt-dix)。71 是 soixante et onze,72 soixante-douze,等等。

Telling time uses the formula: Il est + [hour] + heure(s) + [minutes]. For half past, use et demie; for quarter past, et quart; for quarter to, moins le quart. 12-hour clock is standard: Il est deux heures et demie (2:30). To express at what time something happens, use à: à huit heures.

Published by TutorHao | Year 7 法语 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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