📚 Year 7 CIE Law: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CIE 法律：词汇术语速记指南
Building a strong foundation in legal terms is the first step to understanding how laws shape our society. This guide introduces the most important words you will meet in your Year 7 CIE Law course, with simple explanations and memory tricks to help you learn fast.
建立扎实的法律词汇基础，是理解法律如何塑造社会的第一步。本指南将介绍你在 Year 7 CIE 法律课程中将会遇到的最重要的词汇，并附上简单的解释和记忆技巧，帮助你快速掌握。
1. Law and Rules | 法律与规则
A law is a system of rules created and enforced by a government to regulate behaviour. Rules are similar but may apply in smaller groups, such as schools or clubs, and usually have less serious consequences when broken.
法律是由政府制定与执行、用以规范行为的一套规则体系。规则与之相似，但适用于较小的群体，例如学校或俱乐部，违反规则的后果通常没有那么严重。
2. Crime and Punishment | 犯罪与刑罚
A crime is an act that breaks the law and can be punished by the state. Punishment is the penalty imposed on someone who has been found guilty of a crime, such as a fine, community service, or imprisonment.
犯罪是违反法律并且会受到国家惩罚的行为。刑罚是对已被判定有罪的人施加的处罚，例如罚款、社区服务或监禁。
3. Courts and Judges | 法院与法官
A court is a place where legal disputes are heard and decided. A judge is a public official who presides over court proceedings, makes rulings on legal matters, and often decides the sentence if a person is found guilty.
法院是审理并裁决法律纠纷的地方。法官是主持法庭程序、就法律事项作出裁定，并在被告人被定罪后时常决定量刑的公职人员。
4. Jury and Verdict | 陪审团与裁决
A jury is a group of ordinary citizens selected to listen to the evidence in a trial and decide whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty. The final decision made by the jury is called the verdict.
陪审团是由普通公民组成的一个小组，他们被选出在审判中听取证据，并决定被告人有罪还是无罪。陪审团作出的最终决定称为裁决。
5. Evidence and Witness | 证据与证人
Evidence is any material or information presented in court to prove or disprove a fact, such as documents, objects, or DNA. A witness is a person who gives a statement in court about what they saw, heard, or know about the case.
证据是指在法庭上出示，用以证明或反驳某一事实的任何材料或信息，例如文件、物品或 DNA。证人是在法庭上就他们在案件中看到的、听到的或知道的情况进行陈述的人。
6. Lawyers: Prosecution and Defence | 律师：控方与辩方
In a criminal trial, the prosecution lawyer represents the state and tries to prove that the defendant committed the crime. The defence lawyer represents the person accused of the crime and tries to show they are not guilty, or to argue for a lighter sentence.
在刑事审判中，控方律师代表国家，试图证明被告人实施了犯罪行为。辩方律师代表被指控犯罪的人，试图证明其无罪，或为其争取较轻的刑罚。
7. Plaintiff and Defendant | 原告与被告
In a civil case (a dispute between people or organisations), the person who brings the complaint is called the plaintiff. The person against whom the complaint is made is called the defendant. In a criminal case, the state is the prosecutor and the accused person is also called the defendant.
在民事案件（个人或组织之间的纠纷）中，提出申诉的人称为原告。被投诉的人称为被告。在刑事案件中，国家是控方，被指控的人也称为被告。
8. Criminal Law vs Civil Law | 刑法与民法
Criminal law deals with acts that are considered harmful to society as a whole, such as theft or assault, and typically leads to punishments like prison. Civil law deals with disputes between individuals or organisations, such as contract disagreements or family matters, and usually results in compensation or an order to do (or not do) something.
刑法处理被视为对整体社会有害的行为，例如盗窃或袭击，通常会带来监禁等刑罚。民法处理个人或组织之间的纠纷，例如合同争议或家庭事务，通常会导致赔偿或要求做（或不做）某事的命令。
9. Key Legal Principles | 核心法律原则
Two fundamental ideas are ‘presumption of innocence’ and ‘burden of proof’. The presumption of innocence means that every defendant is considered not guilty until proven otherwise. The burden of proof lies on the prosecution, meaning it is their job to provide enough evidence to convince the court of guilt.
两个基本概念是“无罪推定”和“举证责任”。无罪推定意味着每一位被告在被证实有罪之前，都被视为无罪。举证责任由控方承担，这意味着提供足够的证据来使法庭确信有罪是控方的职责。
10. How to Remember Law Terms | 如何记忆法律术语
Try linking each new word to a mental image or a simple story. For example, picture a ‘plaintiff’ as a person ‘playing’ a complaint, or connect ‘jury’ with ‘justice’. Creating flashcards with the term on one side and a simple definition on the other is also an excellent way to reinforce your memory. Repeat the words aloud and use them in sentences until they feel natural.
试着将每个新词与一个心理图像或简单故事联系起来。例如，将 “plaintiff”（原告）想象成一个正在“播放”（playing）投诉的人，或者将 “jury”（陪审团）与 “justice”（正义）联系起来。制作一面是术语、另一面是简单定义的闪卡，也是加强记忆的好方法。大声重复这些单词并用于造句，直到用得自然为止。
Published by TutorHao | Law Revision Series | aleveler.com
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