Year 7 CIE Philosophy: Core Knowledge Overview | Year 7 CIE 哲学：核心知识点梳理

📚 Year 7 CIE Philosophy: Core Knowledge Overview | Year 7 CIE 哲学：核心知识点梳理

Welcome to the Year 7 CIE Philosophy revision guide. Philosophy, from the Greek words ‘philo’ (love) and ‘sophia’ (wisdom), is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. In this article, we will explore the core knowledge points you need to understand. Philosophy helps you think critically, ask deeper questions, and develop reasoning skills that are valuable in all subjects and in life.

欢迎来到 Year 7 CIE 哲学复习指南。哲学（Philosophy）源自希腊语 ‘philo’（爱）和 ‘sophia’（智慧），是研究存在、知识、价值、理性、心灵和语言等根本问题的学科。本文将梳理你需要掌握的核心知识点。哲学能帮助你批判性思考、提出更深层次的问题，并培养在各类学科和生活中都极为重要的推理能力。

1. What is Philosophy? | 什么是哲学？

Philosophy is the activity of asking big questions and trying to answer them using logic and reason. Philosophers wonder about things like: What is real? How do we know what we know? What is the right thing to do? Unlike science, which relies on experiments, philosophy often uses thought experiments, arguments, and careful analysis of concepts.

哲学是提出重大问题并尝试用逻辑和理性回答它们的活动。哲学家思考诸如：什么是真实的？我们如何知道我们所知道的？应该做什么才对？与依赖实验的科学不同，哲学经常使用思想实验、论证和对概念的精确分析。

Philosophy also examines the foundations of other disciplines. For example, it asks whether mathematics exists out there or is a human invention. It helps us clarify our thinking and detect poor reasoning in everyday life.

哲学还审视其他学科的基础。例如，它追问数学是独立存在的还是人类的发明。哲学帮助我们澄清思维，并察觉日常生活中糟糕的推理。

2. The Main Branches of Philosophy | 哲学的主要分支

Philosophy can be divided into several major branches, each focusing on a different kind of question. The table below summarises the main areas and their central questions.

哲学可以分成几大主要分支，每个分支关注不同类型的问题。下表总结了主要领域及其核心问题。

Each branch overlaps with the others. For instance, questions about free will involve both metaphysics and ethics. As you study philosophy, you will see these connections.

每个分支相互交叉。例如，关于自由意志的问题同时涉及形而上学和伦理学。在学习哲学的过程中，你会看到这些联系。

3. Metaphysics: What is Real? | 形而上学：什么是实在？

Metaphysics explores the most fundamental question of all: what exists? It deals with concepts such as being, time, space, causation, and the possibility of free will. One famous debate is between monism (everything is one) and dualism (mind and matter are distinct).

形而上学探索最根本的问题：什么存在？它涉及存在、时间、空间、因果关系以及自由意志的可能性等概念。一个著名的争论是一元论（万物归一）与二元论（心灵与物质分离）之间的辩论。

Plato believed that behind our physical world there is a world of perfect Forms or Ideas. For example, every circle we draw is an imperfect copy of the perfect Form of a circle. Aristotle, his student, argued that forms exist in things, not in a separate realm.

柏拉图认为，在我们物质世界的背后，有一个完美“理型”或“理念”的世界。例如，我们画的每个圆都是完美圆理型的不完美摹本。而他的学生亚里士多德主张，形式存在于事物之中，而非分离的领域。

4. Epistemology: How Do We Know? | 认识论：我们如何知道？

Epistemology is the theory of knowledge. It asks: What is knowledge? Can we trust our senses? René Descartes famously doubted everything he could until he reached one certain truth: ‘I think, therefore I am’ (Cogito, ergo sum). This led to rationalism, the view that reason is the primary source of knowledge.

认识论是关于知识的理论。它追问：什么是知识？我们能相信自己的感官吗？勒内·

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