Year 7 Edexcel Geography: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | Year 7 Edexcel 地理：暑期预习与衔接课程

📚 Year 7 Edexcel Geography: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | Year 7 Edexcel 地理：暑期预习与衔接课程

Transitioning into Year 7 brings an exciting opportunity to explore the world through Geography. This summer bridging guide is designed to help you understand what to expect in your first year of Edexcel Geography, introducing key themes, essential skills, and effective study habits. By preparing over the summer, you can start the academic year with confidence, curiosity, and a solid foundation.

进入七年级，你将迎来通过地理探索世界的新阶段。这份暑期衔接指南旨在帮助你了解 Edexcel 地理第一年的学习内容，介绍关键主题、基本技能和高效学习方法。利用暑假做好准备，你就能带着信心、好奇心和扎实的基础迎接新学年的开始。

1. What is Geography? | 什么是地理？

Geography is the study of the Earth’s landscapes, environments, and the relationships between people and their surroundings. It bridges the natural sciences and social sciences, helping us understand both physical processes like river formation and human activities like urbanisation. In Year 7, you will learn to ask geographical questions about places at local, national, and global scales.

地理学是研究地球地貌、环境以及人与周围环境关系的学科。它连接了自然科学与社会科学，帮助我们理解河流形成等自然过程以及城市化等人类活动。在七年级，你将学会从地方、国家和全球尺度提出有关地方的地理问题。

Geography is divided into two main branches: physical geography and human geography. Physical geography focuses on the natural world – landscapes, weather, climate, and ecosystems. Human geography examines how people interact with the world – including population, settlements, and economic activities. Both branches are interconnected, and your Edexcel course will weave them together through real-world examples.

地理学分为两大分支：自然地理与人文地理。自然地理关注自然世界——地貌、天气、气候和生态系统。人文地理则研究人类如何与世界互动——包括人口、聚落和经济活动。这两个分支相互联系，你的 Edexcel 课程将通过真实案例将它们交织在一起。

2. The Edexcel Year 7 Curriculum at a Glance | Edexcel Year 7 课程概览

Your Year 7 Edexcel Geography course is built around a series of engaging enquiries. You will typically cover map skills, weather and climate, rivers and flooding, and an introduction to settlements. Some schools also include units on coasts, ecosystems, or development. Lessons will combine knowledge acquisition with practical skills such as map reading, data interpretation, and the beginning of fieldwork.

你的七年级 Edexcel 地理课程围绕一系列引人入胜的探究主题展开。你通常会学习地图技能、天气与气候、河流与洪水，以及聚落入门知识。有些学校还会涵盖海岸、生态系统或发展等单元。课堂会将知识获取与实用技能相结合，比如读图、数据解读和初步的野外考察。

The course is designed to enable progression from Key Stage 2 and to build the geographical skills and understanding needed for Key Stage 3 and beyond. You will be encouraged to think like a geographer, using evidence to explain patterns and consider sustainable solutions to geographical issues. By the end of Year 7, you should be able to describe, explain, and evaluate geographical phenomena with growing confidence.

该课程旨在衔接小学阶段(Key Stage 2)，并为你打好初中地理及以后需要的地理技能和理解能力。老师会鼓励你像地理学家一样思考，运用证据解释分布规律，并思考地理问题的可持续解决方案。到了七年级结束时，你应该能够越来越自信地描述、解释和评价地理现象。

3. Map Skills: The Foundation | 地图技能：基础

Maps are a geographer’s most important tool. In Year 7, you will build on your primary school map skills and learn to use Ordnance Survey (OS) maps confidently. The key elements you will practise include using compass directions, measuring distances with scale, interpreting symbols through the key, and understanding contour lines to visualise relief.

地图是地理学家最重要的工具。在七年级，你将在小学地图技能的基础上进一步学习，能够自信地使用英国地形测量图(Ordnance Survey maps)。你将练习的关键要素包括：使用罗盘方向、用比例尺测量距离、通过图例判读符号，以及理解等高线来想象地形起伏。

Compass directions: You will learn to give directions using the eight-point compass (north, northeast, east, southeast, etc.) and use bearings to describe precise directions. This skill helps you navigate both paper maps and real landscapes.

罗盘方向：你将学习使用八方位罗盘（北、东北、东、东南等）辨认方向，并使用方位角描述精确方向。这项技能能帮助你在地图和实地中导航。

Scale: Scale shows the relationship between distances on a map and distances on the ground, expressed as a ratio (e.g. 1:25 000) or a linear scale bar. You will practise converting map distances into real-world distances using simple calculations.

比例尺：比例尺表示图上距离与实地距离的关系，通常用数字比例（如 1:25 000）或直线比例尺表示。你将练习通过简单计算将图上距离转换为实地距离。

Symbols and key: OS maps use standardised symbols to represent features such as churches, campsites, and different types of roads. Learning to decode these symbols quickly is essential for reading any topographic map.

图例与符号：地形测量图用标准符号表示教堂、露营地、各类道路等要素。快速解读这些符号是阅读任何地形图的基本功。

4. Understanding OS Maps and Grid References | 理解地形图与网格坐标

Grid references allow you to locate places exactly on an OS map. A four-figure grid reference (e.g. 1845) identifies a 1 km by 1 km square, while a six-figure grid reference (e.g. 182451) pinpoints a location within 100 metres. You will practise reading eastings first, then northings – the phrase ‘along the corridor and up the stairs’ is a useful memory aid.

网格坐标能让你在地形图上精确定位。四位坐标（如 1845）定位一个 1 千米 × 1 千米的方格，而六位坐标（如 182451）可将位置精确到 100 米以内。你将练习先读纵坐标(eastings)，再读横坐标(northings)——“沿着走廊走，再上楼”是个好记的口诀。

You will also learn to recognise height and relief. Contour lines join points of equal height; closely spaced contours indicate steep slopes, while widely spaced contours show gentle slopes. Spot heights and triangulation pillars give exact elevations. Combining grid references with height information allows you to build a three-dimensional mental picture of the landscape.

你还将学习识别高度和地形。等高线连接高度相等的点；等高线密集表示陡坡，稀疏则代表缓坡。高程点和三角测量点提供精确海拔。将网格坐标与高度信息相结合，你就能在脑海中构建出三维地形图。

Try this over the summer: download a free OS map extract of your local area and practise finding your home or school using four-figure and six-figure grid references.

暑期不妨试试：下载你所在地区的免费地形图片段，练习用四位和六位坐标找到你家或学校的位置。

5. Weather and Climate Basics | 天气与气候基础

Weather describes the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere, including temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and cloud cover. Climate, on the other hand, is the average weather pattern of a place measured over at least 30 years. Year 7 Edexcel Geography introduces you to the difference between these two closely related concepts and explores the factors that influence the UK’s weather.

天气描述的是大气的日常状况，包括气温、降水、风速和云量。而气候则是一个地方至少 30 年平均下来的天气模式。七年级 Edexcel 地理将向你介绍这两个紧密相关概念的区别，并探索影响英国天气的因素。

You will learn how air masses – large bodies of air with similar temperature and moisture properties – shape the UK’s variable weather. The country is affected by polar maritime, tropical maritime, polar continental, and tropical continental air masses, each bringing different weather conditions. You will also study how to interpret synoptic charts and weather symbols.

你将学习气团——具有相似温度和湿度特性的大团空气——如何影响英国多变的天气。英国受到极地海洋气团、热带海洋气团、极地大陆气团和热带大陆气团的影响，每一种气团都会带来不同的天气状况。你还将学习如何解读天气图和天气符号。

Recording weather data is a key skill. You may create and use simple weather instruments such as a rain gauge, thermometer, or anemometer. Understanding how weather affects human activities, from farming to transport, helps you appreciate why forecasting matters.

记录天气数据是一项关键技能。你可能会制作并使用简单的气象仪器，如雨量计、温度计或风速计。理解天气如何影响农业到交通等人类活动，有助于你体会天气预报的重要性。

6. The Water Cycle and Rivers | 水循环与河流

Rivers shape our landscape and are central to the Year 7 curriculum. You will start by exploring the water cycle – the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. This closed system drives the flow of rivers and influences ecosystems.

河流塑造着我们的地貌，是七年级课程的核心内容之一。你将首先探索水循环——水通过蒸发、凝结、降水和径流在大气、陆地和海洋之间不断循环的过程。这个封闭系统驱动着河流流动并影响着生态系统。

A river’s journey from source to mouth is divided into three courses: upper, middle, and lower. In the upper course, steep gradients lead to vertical erosion, forming V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, and gorges. The middle course has a gentler gradient, with lateral erosion widening the valley; meanders and floodplains begin to form. The lower course is flat and wide, featuring large meanders, oxbow lakes, and deltas.

河流从源头到河口的旅程分为上游、中游和下游。上游坡度陡，垂直侵蚀形成 V 形谷、瀑布和峡谷。中游坡度变缓，侧向侵蚀拓宽河谷，开始形成曲流和泛滥平原。下游平坦开阔，出现大型曲流、牛轭湖和三角洲。

Flooding is a key topic for the UK. You will examine both physical causes, such as prolonged rainfall and steep slopes, and human causes, such as deforestation and urbanisation that increase surface runoff. Hard and soft engineering strategies for flood management, from dams to floodplain zoning, are evaluated.

洪水是英国一个关键主题。你将探讨自然原因，如持续降水和陡坡，以及人为原因，如砍伐森林和城市化增加地表径流。防洪管理的硬工程和软工程策略，从水坝到洪泛区规划，都将被评估。

7. Introduction to Settlements | 聚落入门

Settlements are places where people live, ranging from tiny hamlets to megacities. In Year 7, you will learn about the hierarchy of settlements, which ranks places by their size, population, and the services they provide. A hamlet may have only a phone box, while a city offers universities, airports, and specialised hospitals.

聚落是人们居住的地方，从小村落到大城市无所不包。在七年级，你将学习聚落等级体系，即按照规模、人口和提供的服务对地方进行排序。一个小村落可能只有一个电话亭，而城市则提供大学、机场和专科医院等。

You will also explore site and situation factors that influence where settlements develop. Site refers to the physical characteristics of the land on which a settlement is built, such as a dry point or a river crossing. Situation describes the settlement’s relationship with its surrounding area, such as access to trade routes. Early settlers needed water supply, defensive positions, and fertile land.

你还会探究影响聚落选址的“地点”和“区位”因素。地点指聚落所在土地的自然特征，如干地或渡口。区位则描述聚落与周边地区的关系，如是否靠近贸易路线。早期定居者需要水源、易守难攻的地势以及肥沃的土地。

Urban models such as the Burgess concentric zone model might be introduced to help you understand land use patterns in cities. You will consider how the function of settlements has changed over time, from market towns to commuter settlements, and begin to examine sustainability challenges in modern cities.

为了帮助你理解城市土地利用模式，课程可能会介绍伯吉斯同心环模型等城市模型。你将思考聚落功能如何随时间演变，从集镇到通勤居住区，并开始审视现代城市面临的可持续发展挑战。

8. Population and Migration | 人口与迁移

Population geography examines how many people live in an area, why populations change, and how people are distributed. You will be introduced to key terms such as birth rate, death rate, and natural increase. A simple population pyramid can reveal a great deal about a country’s past, present, and possible future.

人口地理学研究某地居住多少人、人口为何变化以及人口如何分布。你将接触出生率、死亡率和自然增长等关键术语。简单的人口金字塔就能揭示一个国家过去、现在及可能未来的大量信息。

Migration – the movement of people from one place to another – is a core concept. Push factors, such as war or lack of jobs, drive people away from an area, while pull factors, such as better education or safety, attract them to a new location. You will study both internal migration (within a country) and international migration, using real case studies like rural-to-urban migration in China or immigration to the UK.

迁移——人口从一个地方移动到另一个地方——是一个核心概念。推拉因素：战争或缺乏就业等推力将人驱离原居地，而更好的教育或安全等拉力则吸引人们前往新地点。你将学习国内迁移和国际迁移，并使用真实案例，如中国的乡城迁移或英国的移民潮。

The effects of population change are explored through the lens of sustainability and resource management. You will discuss overcrowding, aging populations, and the pressures on housing, transport, and services in both origin and destination areas.

人口变化的影响将透过可持续性和资源管理的视角来探讨。你将讨论过度拥挤、人口老龄化，以及迁出地和迁入地在住房、交通和服务方面承受的压力。

9. Fieldwork and Enquiry Skills | 野外考察与探究技能

Geography is not just about learning in the classroom; fieldwork brings the subject to life. Your Year 7 course will introduce the enquiry sequence: asking geographical questions, collecting data in the field, presenting findings, and reaching conclusions. An early fieldwork trip might investigate environmental quality or pedestrian flows in your local town centre.

地理不仅仅是课堂上的学习；野外考察让这门学科活起来。你的七年级课程将介绍探究流程：提出地理问题、野外采集数据、呈现发现并得出结论。第一次野外考察可能会调查当地城镇中心的环境质量或行人流量。

You will learn to use a range of data collection techniques, including land use surveys, questionnaires, environmental quality assessments (using bipolar scales), and field sketches. These methods help you gather primary data. Back in the classroom, you will learn to present data using bar charts, pie charts, and simple scatter graphs, then analyse the patterns you find.

你将学习使用一系列数据采集技术，包括土地利用调查、问卷调查、环境质量评估（用双极量表）和野外速写。这些方法帮助你收集一手数据。回到课堂后，你将学习使用柱状图、饼图和简单的散点图来展示数据，然后分析发现的规律。

Risk assessment is an essential part of any fieldwork. You will be taught to identify potential hazards and the steps taken to minimise risk. These enquiry skills are not only fundamental to Geography but also valuable across your other subjects and in everyday life.

风险评估是任何野外考察的重要部分。你将学会识别潜在危险以及如何采取措施将风险降至最低。这些探究技能不仅对地理学科至关重要，对其他学科和日常生活也很有价值。

10. Using GIS and Digital Maps | 使用地理信息系统与数字地图

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allow geographers to layer different types of data on digital maps to see patterns and relationships. In Year 7, you will have your first experience with GIS tools such as Google Earth, ArcGIS Online, or Digimap for Schools. You might map the locations of services in your town and relate them to population density.

地理信息系统(GIS)允许地理学家将不同类型的数据叠加在数字地图上，以观察分布格局和相互关系。在七年级，你将首次接触 GIS 工具，如 Google Earth、ArcGIS Online 或 Digimap for Schools。你可能会绘制自己所在城镇的服务设施位置，并关联人口密度进行分析。

GIS skills are increasingly important in the modern world. They are used for everything from disaster response to planning new cycle routes. By learning to add layers, measure distances, and create simple digital maps, you gain a powerful geographical toolkit and valuable digital literacy skills.

GIS 技能在现代世界日益重要，被应用于从灾害响应到规划新自行车道等方方面面。通过学习添加图层、测量距离和创建简单的数字地图，你将获得一套强大的地理工具包和宝贵的数字素养技能。

You can start practising over the summer: explore your neighbourhood using Google Earth, measure the perimeter of your local park, and try to identify different land use zones. This will give you a head start in understanding how digital mapping works.

你可以在暑假开始练习：用 Google Earth 探索你的社区，测量当地公园的周长，并尝试识别不同的土地利用区域。这能让你在理解数字制图方面领先一步。

11. How to Study Geography Effectively | 如何有效学习地理

Success in Geography depends on building a broad knowledge base as well as practising skills. Active revision strategies work much better than simply reading your notes. Try creating mind maps to link together physical and human geography topics. Use flashcards for key terms, such as ‘erosion’ or ‘urbanisation’, with definitions and examples on the back.

地理学得好，既要建立广泛的知识基础，也要练习技能。主动复习策略比单纯阅读笔记有效得多。试着创作思维导图，将自然地理和人文地理的主题联系起来。使用抽认卡记忆关键术语，比如“侵蚀”或“城市化”，背面写上定义和例子。

Case studies are an important part of Edexcel Geography. To remember them, summarise the location, causes, effects, and responses in a structured table. When you come across geographical news stories, practise explaining the geographical significance: what is happening, where, and why it matters.

案例研究是 Edexcel 地理课程的重要组成部分。为了记住案例，可以用结构化的表格总结地点、原因、影响和应对措施。当遇到地理新闻故事时，练习解释其地理意义：发生了什么、在哪里发生、为什么重要。

Keep a geographical vocabulary log. Every time you encounter a new term, write it down with a simple definition and a sentence using the word. Over the summer, you could start by learning the spellings of common geographical words such as ‘environment’, ‘sustainable’, ‘deposition’, and ‘migration’.

准备一本地理词汇日志。每次遇到新术语时，记下来并附上简单的定义和一个例句。暑假期间，你可以先从学习常见地理词汇的拼写开始，比如 ‘environment’、’sustainable’、’deposition’ 和 ‘migration’。

12. Key Terms Glossary Preview | 关键术语词汇预览

Getting familiar with the core vocabulary before September will boost your confidence. Here is a glossary of some fundamental terms you will encounter right from the start of Year 7 Edexcel Geography.

在九月份开学前熟悉核心词汇将增强你的信心。以下是你从七年级 Edexcel 地理学习一开始就会遇到的一些基本术语详解。

Erosion: The wearing away and removal of rock and soil by wind, water, ice, or gravity.

侵蚀：岩石和土壤被风、水、冰或重力磨损并搬运的过程。
Deposition: The dropping of material carried by rivers, wind, or glaciers when their energy decreases.

沉积：河流、风或冰川在能量降低时将携带的物质卸下的过程。
Relief: The shape and height of the land, including hills, valleys, and plateaus.

地势：地面的形状和高度，包括丘陵、山谷和高原。
Settlement: A place where people live, such as a village, town, or city.

聚落：人们居住的地方，如村庄、城镇或城市。
Urbanisation: The increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities.

城市化：城镇和城市人口比例的增长。
Climate: The average weather conditions of a place recorded over 30 years.

气候：一个地方记录到的 30 年以上的平均天气状况。
Migration: The movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling temporarily or permanently.

迁移：人们从一个地方移居到另一个地方，意图暂时或永久定居。
Sustainability: Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

可持续性：满足当代人需求的同时，不损害后代人满足其自身需求的能力。

Try to use these terms in sentences or link them to places you already know. This will make them stick and prepare you for the more detailed analysis you will do in class.

试着用这些术语造句，或者将它们与你已知的地方联系起来。这能巩固记忆，为你课堂上的详细分析做好准备。

Published by TutorHao | Geography Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）

Year 7 Edexcel Geography: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | Year 7 Edexcel 地理：暑期预习与衔接课程