📚 Year 7 Edexcel Science: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Memorization Guide | Year 7 Edexcel 科学：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the vocabulary of science is the first step toward excelling in Year 7 Edexcel Science. This guide provides effective memorization techniques and a breakdown of essential terms across biology, chemistry, and physics. You will discover how to use word roots, visual aids, flashcards, and clever memory hooks to make scientific language stick.
掌握科学词汇是 Year 7 Edexcel 科学取得优异成绩的第一步。本指南提供有效的记忆技巧，并分解了生物学、化学和物理学中的关键术语。你将学会如何利用词根、视觉辅助、闪卡和巧妙的记忆挂钩让科学语言牢牢扎根在脑海中。
1. The Power of Roots and Affixes | 词根词缀的力量
Many scientific words are built from Greek or Latin roots and affixes. Once you recognise these building blocks, unfamiliar terms become easy to decode. For instance, ‘bio-‘ means life, so ‘biology’ is the study of life and ‘biodegradable’ describes something that can be broken down by living organisms.
许多科学词汇由希腊或拉丁词根和词缀构成。一旦你认出这些构建模块，陌生的术语就会变得容易解读。例如，’bio-‘ 意为生命，因此 ‘biology’ 就是研究生命的学问，而 ‘biodegradable’ 形容能被生物分解的物质。
The root ‘photo-‘ relates to light. When you see ‘photosynthesis’, you can break it into ‘photo’ (light) and ‘synthesis’ (putting together), meaning plants use light to put together food. Another helpful example is ‘chloroplast’, where ‘chloro-‘ means green and ‘-plast’ refers to a formed body – so chloroplast is the green structure inside plant cells.
词根 ‘photo-‘ 与光有关。当你看到 ‘photosynthesis’，可以拆分为 ‘photo’（光）和 ‘synthesis’（合成），表示植物利用光来合成食物。另一个有用的例子是 ‘chloroplast’，其中 ‘chloro-‘ 意为绿色，’-plast’ 指形成体——因此叶绿体就是植物细胞内绿色的结构。
Learning common prefixes and suffixes, such as ‘micro-‘ (small), ‘multi-‘ (many), and ‘-meter’ (measure), gives you a shortcut to hundreds of terms. Try creating your own root word chart and add new terms as you encounter them.
学习常见的前缀和后缀，如 ‘micro-‘（小）、’multi-‘（多）和 ‘-meter’（测量），能让你快速掌握数百个术语。试着制作一张属于自己的词根表，遇到新词就添加进去。
2. Key Biology Terms: Cells and Life Processes | 关键生物学术语：细胞与生命过程
The ‘nucleus’ is the control centre of the cell containing genetic material (DNA). Think of it as the cell’s brain – it issues instructions for growth and reproduction. In plant and animal cells, the nucleus is usually the largest visible structure under a light microscope.
“细胞核”是细胞的控制中心，含有遗传物质（DNA）。把它想象成细胞的大脑——它发布生长和繁殖的指令。在植物和动物细胞中，细胞核通常是光学显微镜下可见的最大结构。
‘Cell membrane’ refers to the thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells. It selectively allows substances to enter or leave, like a security guard at a gate. You can strengthen this memory by picturing a ‘membrane’ as a ‘member’ carefully screening visitors.
“细胞膜”指包围所有细胞的薄而柔韧的屏障。它有选择地允许物质进出，就像门口的保安。你可以把 “membrane”（膜）想象成一位“成员”（member）在仔细地筛查来访者，以强化记忆。
The ‘cytoplasm’ is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and holds organelles in place. Remember the ‘plasm’ part: it suggests something fluid and moldable. For respiration, ‘mitochondria’ (singular: mitochondrion) are the powerhouses – break ‘mito-‘ (thread) and ‘-chondrion’ (granule) to visualise tiny thread-like granules releasing energy.
“细胞质”是充满细胞的胶状物质，容纳着各种细胞器。记住“plasm”这部分：它暗示着流动性和可塑性。对于呼吸作用，“线粒体”是能量工厂——拆分“mito-”（线）和“-chondrion”（颗粒），想象微小的线状颗粒释放能量。
In plant cells, ‘chloroplasts’ contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Link ‘chloro’ (green) with chlorophyll and remember that ‘vacuole’ (a large storage sac in plants) sounds like ‘vacuum’ – it stores water and nutrients. When you label cell diagrams, always say the terms aloud to reinforce pronunciation.
在植物细胞中，“叶绿体”含有叶绿素进行光合作用。将“chloro”（绿）与叶绿素联系起来，并记住“液泡”（植物中的大型储存囊）听起来像“vacuum”（真空）——它储存水分和营养。当你给细胞图标注时，一定要大声说出这些术语，以强化发音。
3. Essential Chemistry Vocabulary: Matter and Reactions | 基础化学词汇：物质与反应
The three common states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container, and gases have no fixed shape or volume. To remember the five main state changes, use the mnemonic ‘MELTS’: Melting, Evaporation, Liquefaction (condensing), freezing (Solidification), and Sublimation. However, in Year 7 we focus on melting, freezing, boiling, evaporation, condensation and sometimes sublimation.
物质常见的三种状态是固态、液态和气态。固体有固定的形状和体积，液体有固定的体积但会随容器改变形状，而气体没有固定的形状和体积。为了记住五种主要的状态变化，可以使用助记词 “MELTS”：熔化、蒸发、液化（冷凝）、凝固（冷冻）和升华。不过在 Year 7，我们重点学习熔化、凝固、沸腾、蒸发、冷凝，有时也涉及升华。
An ‘atom’ is the smallest particle of an element that can still be recognised as that element. An ‘element’ is a pure substance made of only one type of atom, like oxygen (O) or iron (Fe). To differentiate, think ‘element’ as a collection of identical atoms, just as a set of identical bricks makes a wall. A ‘compound’ contains two or more different elements chemically bonded, e.g. water (H₂O). Use the phrase ‘compounds are chemically combined’ – note the three ‘C’s.
“原子”是元素中仍能保持该元素特性的最小粒子。“元素”是由一种原子组成的纯净物，如氧（O）或铁（Fe）。为了区分，可以认为“元素”是同类原子的集合，就像一堆相同的砖块砌成墙。“化合物”含有两种或以上不同元素通过化学键结合，例如水（H₂O）。使用短语 “compounds are chemically combined”（化合物是化学结合而成的）——注意三个“C”。
A ‘mixture’ is made of different substances that are not chemically bonded; they can be separated easily, like sand and salt. In a reaction, ‘reactants’ are the starting substances and ‘products’ are what you end with. Imagine reactants as the ingredients and products as the cake. Writing word equations, such as methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water, helps lock in the terms.
“混合物”由不同物质组成，它们之间没有化学键合，可以轻易分离，比如沙子和盐。在反应中，“反应物”是起始物质，“生成物”是最终产物。把反应物想象成蛋糕原料，生成物就是蛋糕。书写文字方程式，如甲烷 + 氧气 → 二氧化碳 + 水，有助于牢记这些术语。
4. Foundation Physics Terms: Forces and Energy | 基础物理术语：力与能量
A ‘force’ is a push or pull that can change an object’s motion or shape. It is measured in newtons (N). ‘Friction’ is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact – remember ‘friction fights motion’. ‘Gravity’ is the attractive force between all masses; on Earth it pulls objects towards the centre.
“力”是能改变物体运动或形状的推或拉，以牛顿（N）为单位。“摩擦力”是阻碍接触面之间相对运动的力——记住摩擦会抵抗运动。“重力”是所有质量之间存在的吸引力；在地球上，它把物体拉向地心。
It is vital to distinguish ‘mass’ and ‘weight’. Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is measured in kilograms (kg); it stays the same everywhere. Weight is the force of gravity acting on that mass, measured in newtons. Use the phrase “mass is stuff, weight is the pull”. The relationship is:
区分“质量”和“重量”至关重要。质量是物体所含物质的多少，以千克（kg）为单位，在任何地方都相同。重量是作用在该质量上的重力，以牛顿为单位。用“质量是物质的量，重量是拉力的体现”这句话来记忆。它们的关系是：
Weight (N) = Mass (kg) × Gravitational field strength (N/kg)
重量（N）= 质量（kg）× 引力场强度（N/kg）
‘Energy’ is the ability to do work. Stores of energy include kinetic (movement), thermal (heat), gravitational potential (stored due to position) and chemical (in fuels and food). A ‘renewable’ energy resource is one that will not run out, such as solar or wind, while ‘non-renewable’ resources like coal will eventually be depleted. Think ‘renewable = re-useable for a long time’.
“能量”是做功的本领。能量储存包括动能、热能、重力势能和化学能等。“可再生能源”是不会耗尽的能源，如太阳能或风能，而“不可再生能源”如煤最终会枯竭。记住“可再生”意味着可以长期反复使用。
5. Visual Learning: Mind Maps and Diagrams | 视觉学习：思维导图与图表
Drawing a mind map connects new vocabulary with images and relationships, making recall easier. Place a central theme such as ‘Cells’ in the middle, then branch out with ‘Nucleus’, ‘Cytoplasm’, ‘Membrane’, ‘Mitochondria’ and so on. Add short definitions and simple drawings next to each term.
绘制思维导图能将新词汇与图像和关系联系起来，使回忆更加容易。把一个中心主题如“细胞”放在中间，然后分出“细胞核”、“细胞质”、“细胞膜”、“线粒体”等分支。在每个术语旁附上简短的定义和简易的图画。
For chemistry, create a ‘States of Matter’ map with branches for solid, liquid and gas, including diagrams of particle arrangements. Use arrows and coloured pens to show changes like melting and evaporation. The act of physically drawing the links reinforces memory better than reading alone.
对于化学，创建一个“物质状态”的思维导图，分出固、液、气分支，包含粒子排列示意图。用箭头和彩色笔标示熔化、蒸发等变化。亲手绘制联系的过程比单纯阅读更能加强记忆。
Diagrams from your textbook, such as the human respiratory system or the electric circuit symbols, can be turned into labelling exercises. Cover the labels and test yourself. Every time you correctly label a structure, you strengthen the vocabulary pathway in your brain.
课本上的图表，如人体呼吸系统或电路符号图，都可以转化为标注练习。遮住标签自己测试。每正确标注一个结构，你都在大脑中强化了该词汇的通路。
6. Flashcards and Active Recall | 闪卡与主动回忆
Flashcards are one of the most efficient tools for memorising science terms. Write the keyword in English on one side and the definition, a related image, and the Chinese equivalent on the other. When you test yourself, try to recall the meaning before flipping the card.
闪卡是记忆科学术语最高效的工具之一。一面写上英文关键词，另一面写上定义、相关图像和中文对应词。测试自己时，在翻面之前努力回忆其含义，这就是主动回忆。
Active recall – retrieving information from memory without seeing the answer – dramatically boosts long-term retention. Shuffle your cards and go through them a few times a day. If you get a card right, put it in a ‘known’ pile; if you struggle, place it in a ‘review’ pile to revisit later.
主动回忆——在不看答案的情况下从记忆中提取信息——能显著提高长期记忆。把卡片打乱，每天过几遍。如果答对了，放进“已知”堆；如果卡住了，放进“需要复习”堆稍后再看。
To combine flashcards with the Edexcel syllabus, organise them into topic sets: ‘Lab equipment’, ‘Forces and motion’, ‘Chemical reactions’, etc. Use an app or physical index cards; the key is short, frequent sessions. Even five minutes a day can make a huge difference.
为了将闪卡与爱德思教学大纲结合，可以将它们整理成专题集：“实验器材”、“力与运动”、“化学反应”等。可以用应用软件或实体索引卡；关键在于短时间、高频次的学习。哪怕每天五分钟，也能带来巨大的改变。
7. Common Confusions and How to Avoid Them | 常见混淆与辨析
Mass vs Weight: Mass is the quantity of matter (kg), while weight is the gravitational force (N). On the Moon, your mass stays the same but your weight is about 1/6 of your weight on Earth. Think of astronauts bouncing on the Moon – they are not lighter in mass, just experiencing less pull.
质量与重量：质量是物质的量（kg），而重量是引力（N）。在月球上，你的质量保持不变，但重量大约只有地球上的 1/6。想想宇航员在月球上跳跃的样子——他们并不是质量变轻了，只是受到的引力变小了。
Element vs Compound: An element consists of only one type of atom (e.g., O₂, Fe), whereas a compound contains two or more different types chemically joined (e.g., CO₂, H₂O). Remember: elements are like a pure fruit juice, compounds are like a smoothie where ingredients are blended and cannot be easily separated.
元素与化合物：元素只由一种原子组成（如 O₂、Fe），而化合物由两种或以上不同元素化学结合而成（如 CO₂、H₂O）。记住：元素就像纯果汁，化合物就像混合沙冰，各种成分混合在一起难以轻易分开。
Respiration vs Breathing: Breathing is the physical movement of air in and out of the lungs. Respiration is the chemical process inside cells that releases energy from glucose. Say to yourself, “Breathing moves air, respiration releases energy.” This distinction is essential for understanding life processes.
呼吸作用与呼吸：呼吸是空气进出肺部的物理运动。呼吸作用（细胞呼吸）是细胞内从葡萄糖释放能量的化学过程。对自己说：“呼吸移动空气，呼吸作用释放能量。” 这一区别对理解生命过程至关重要。
8. Scientific Enquiry and Lab Equipment | 科学探究与实验器材
When you design an experiment, you must identify the ‘independent variable’ (the one you change), the ‘dependent variable’ (the one you measure) and the ‘control variables’ (the ones you keep the same). A helpful trick: “I change the Independent, I measure the Dependent.”
设计实验时，你必须确定“自变量”（你改变的变量）、“因变量”（你测量的变量）和“控制变量”（你保持不变的变量）。一个有用的口诀：“自变量我改变，因变量我测量。”
A ‘hypothesis’ is an educated prediction, often written in the form ‘If… then… because…’. After collecting data, you write a ‘conclusion’ stating whether your results support the hypothesis. Think of the hypothesis as your best guess before the experiment, and the conclusion as what you learned.
“假设”是一种有理有据的预测，通常以“如果……那么……因为……”的形式书写。收集数据后，你写出“结论”，说明结果是否支持假设。把假设想成实验前你最好的猜测，结论则是你所学到的东西。
Lab equipment names often signal their use: a ‘test tube’ is a small tube for holding samples, a ‘beaker’ is a cylindrical container with a lip for pouring, a ‘Bunsen burner’ produces a single flame, and a ‘microscope’ uses lenses to magnify tiny objects. Link ‘micro’ (small) and ‘scope’ (look) to remember its function.
实验器材名称往往暗示了用途：“试管”是装样品的小型管，“烧杯”是有倾注口的圆筒形容器，“本生灯”产生单一火焰，“显微镜”用透镜放大微小物体。将“micro”（微小）和“scope”（观察）联系起来就能记住其功能。
9. Grouping and Categorization | 分组归类法
Your brain finds it easier to recall information when it is organised into meaningful groups. Create category charts where you list all the vocabulary for a single topic: ‘Cells’, ‘Particles’, ‘Forces’, etc. Under each category, sort terms into sub-groups – for instance, under ‘Forces’ you might have ‘Contact forces’ (friction, air resistance) and ‘Non-contact forces’ (gravity, magnetism).
当信息被组织到有意义的组别时，大脑回忆起来更容易。制作分类表格，列出某一主题的所有词汇：“细胞”、“粒子”、“力”等。在每个类别下将术语分入子组——例如“力”下方可以有“接触力”（摩擦力、空气阻力）和“非接触力”（重力、磁力）。
For chemistry, you could group terms by ‘Particle theory’ (solid, liquid, gas, diffusion) and ‘Pure and impure substances’ (element, compound, mixture). Using a table with columns like ‘Term’, ‘Definition’, and ‘Memory clue’ helps you spot patterns and relationships. Colour-coding related words is another powerful trick.
对于化学，你可以按“粒子理论”（固体、液体、气体、扩散）和“纯净物与不纯物”（元素、化合物、混合物）来分组。使用表格，列上“术语”、“定义”和“记忆线索”有助于识别模式和关系。对相关词汇进行颜色编码也是一种有效的方法。
As the Year 7 course progresses, you will cross-link topics – for instance, energy is relevant in both physics and biology. When you group terms, you naturally build a web of interconnected knowledge that makes revision far less intimidating.
随着 Year 7 课程的推进，你会将不同主题交叉联系起来——例如能量既与物理有关也与生物有关。当你对术语分组时，会自然地构建一个互联的知识网络，使复习变得不再令人生畏。
10. A Weekly Revision Plan | 每周复习计划
Consistency beats cramming. Set aside 10–15 minutes each day to work on your science vocabulary. A simple week plan could look like this: Monday – review 10 biology flashcards; Tuesday – mind-map 5 chemistry terms; Wednesday – practice
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 Science Revision Series | aleveler.com
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