📚 Year 7 OCR Economics: Cross-Curricular Integrated Question Training | 跨学科综合题型训练
Economics in Year 7 is not just about learning definitions; you often need to apply your knowledge to other subjects like mathematics, geography, history and science. Cross-curricular integrated questions test how well you can link economic ideas to real-world problems. This training guide provides ten types of integrated questions, each with clear examples and bilingual explanations, to help you build confidence and master the OCR style.
七年级经济学不仅仅是学习定义；你经常需要将知识应用于数学、地理、历史和科学等其他学科。跨学科综合题型考查的是你将经济学思想与现实世界问题联系起来的能力。本训练指南提供十种综合题型，每种都配有清晰的例子和双语解释，帮助你建立信心并掌握OCR的题型风格。
1. Maths & Economics: Calculating Opportunity Cost | 数学与经济学：计算机会成本
Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative you give up when you make a choice. In integrated questions, you often need to use simple arithmetic to find this value.
机会成本是你在做出选择时所放弃的下一个最佳替代品的价值。在综合题中，你经常需要用简单的算术来找出这个价值。
Example question: You have £25 to spend. A cinema ticket costs £12 and a new book costs £15. If you choose the book, what is the opportunity cost? Explain.
例题：你有25英镑可以花。一张电影票12英镑，一本新书15英镑。如果你选择了书，机会成本是什么？请解释。
First, the cost of the book is £15, but the opportunity cost is not just the money. It is the value of the cinema trip you gave up, which costs £12 and gives you entertainment. The monetary value you sacrifice is £12. So the opportunity cost is the enjoyment of the cinema ticket worth £12.
首先，书的价格是15英镑，但机会成本不仅仅是钱。它是你放弃的电影旅行，电影票价12英镑，并给你带来娱乐。你牺牲的货币价值是12英镑。所以机会成本是价值12英镑的电影享受。
Another task could be: If you spend 2 hours doing economics homework, and you value playing video games at £4 per hour, what is the opportunity cost in money terms?
另一道题可以是：如果你花2小时做经济家作，而你给玩电子游戏每小时估值4英镑，那么用货币计算的机会成本是多少？
2 × £4 = £8
2 × 4英镑 = 8英镑
The opportunity cost is £8 of gaming enjoyment. You apply multiplication to get the answer.
机会成本是价值8英镑的游戏乐趣。你运用乘法得出答案。
2. Geography & Economics: How Resource Distribution Affects Prices | 地理与经济学：资源分布如何影响价格
Natural resources like oil, minerals or fresh water are not spread evenly across the world. This uneven distribution creates scarcity and affects the prices of goods.
石油、矿产或淡水等自然资源在世界上分布并不均匀。这种不均匀分布造成了稀缺性，并影响商品的价格。
Integrated question: Country X has large oil reserves, while Country Y has none. Country Y imports oil from Country X. Transportation costs £0.50 per litre. If the price of oil in Country X is £1.20 per litre, what is the minimum price paid by consumers in Country Y?
综合题：X国拥有大量石油储量，而Y国没有。Y国从X国进口石油。运输成本为每升0.50英镑。如果X国的油价是每升1.20英镑，那么Y国消费者支付的最低价格是多少？
£1.20 + £0.50 = £1.70 per litre
1.20英镑 + 0.50英镑 = 每升1.70英镑
Geography explains why some goods are more expensive in certain regions. A coastal country with a port might pay lower transport fees than a landlocked country, affecting the final market price.
地理学解释了为什么某些商品在某些地区更贵。拥有港口的沿海国家可能比内陆国家支付更低的运输费，从而影响最终的市场价格。
3. History & Economics: From Barter to Money | 历史与经济学：从以物易物到货币的演变
Before money existed, people traded goods directly using barter. This system had a major problem called the ‘double coincidence of wants’. History shows how civilisations invented coins to solve this issue.
货币出现之前，人们通过以物易物直接交换商品。这个系统有一个称为“双重需求巧合”的重大问题。历史展示了文明如何发明硬币来解决这个问题。
Question: Imagine you are a wheat farmer and need a pair of shoes. You must find a shoemaker who wants wheat. Explain why this is difficult and how money makes trade easier. Use a historical example such as ancient Lydia, where the first coins were used around 600 BCE.
问题：假设你是一个种小麦的农民，需要一双鞋。你必须找到一个想要小麦的鞋匠。解释为什么这很困难，以及货币如何使贸易更容易。请使用一个历史例子，例如大约公元前600年左右在吕底亚首次使用硬币。
In barter, you waste time searching. With money, you sell wheat for coins, then use coins to buy shoes whenever you want. Money acts as a medium of exchange and a store of value. This historical shift made specialisation possible.
在以物易物中，你浪费时间寻找。有了货币，你可以把小麦卖掉换得硬币，然后随时用硬币买鞋。货币作为交换媒介和价值储藏手段。这一历史转变使专业化成为可能。
List two functions of money that emerged from this historical development:
列出这个历史发展带来的货币的两个功能：
- Medium of exchange – widely accepted for buying and selling.
- 交换媒介——广泛接受用于买卖。
- Store of value – can be saved and used later.
- 价值储藏——可以储存并在以后使用。
4. Business & Economics: Simple Profit and Loss Analysis | 商业与经济学：简单的盈亏分析
A business must earn more revenue than its costs to survive. Profit is calculated by subtracting total costs from total revenue. This is a direct maths–economics link.
企业必须赚取超过成本的收入才能生存。利润是从总收入中减去总成本计算得出的。这是数学与经济学的直接联系。
Worked example: Lucy runs a lemonade stall. She sells 40 cups at £0.80 each. Her ingredients cost £12, and cups cost £3. What is her profit?
例题：露西经营一个柠檬水小摊。她以每杯0.80英镑的价格卖出40杯。她的配料成本是12英镑，杯子成本是3英镑。她的利润是多少？
Total revenue = 40 × £0.80 = £32. Total costs = £12 + £3 = £15. Profit = £32 − £15 = £17.
总收入 = 40 × 0.80英镑 = 32英镑。总成本 = 12英镑 + 3英镑 = 15英镑。利润 = 32英镑 − 15英镑 = 17英镑。
If the profit is negative, we call it a loss. Integrated questions may ask you to suggest ways the business can cut costs or increase price, blending business decisions with economic reasoning.
如果利润为负，我们称之为亏损。综合题可能会要求你提出企业可以如何削减成本或提高价格，将商业决策与经济推理相结合。
5. English & Economics: Analysing Persuasive Techniques in Adverts | 英语与经济学：分析广告中的说服技巧
Advertisements aim to increase demand for a product. They use language techniques that you study in English. Recognising these techniques helps explain how consumer behaviour changes.
广告旨在增加对产品的需求。它们使用了你在英语中学习的语言技巧。识别这些技巧有助于解释消费者行为如何变化。
Read this advert: “Don’t wait! Join the thousands of smart shoppers who have switched to SuperClean detergent. It’s the number one choice for bright clothes!”
阅读这则广告：“别再等了！加入成千上万转向SuperClean洗涤剂的聪明购物者行列吧。它是亮白衣物的首选！”
The advert uses an imperative (‘Don’t wait!’), a bandwagon appeal (‘thousands of smart shoppers’) and a claim of being ‘number one’. These push consumers to feel they must act quickly and follow the crowd, increasing demand.
广告使用了祈使句（“别再等了！”）、从众心理（“成千上万的聪明购物者”）以及声称“首选”。这些促使消费者感到必须迅速行动并跟随大众，从而增加了需求。
How could you test the impact? In economics, a successful advertising campaign shifts the demand curve to the right, meaning people buy more at every price.
如何测试其影响？在经济学中，一场成功的广告宣传活动会使需求曲线向右移动，意味着人们在每个价格下购买得更多。
6. Science & Economics: Costs and Benefits of Renewable Energy | 科学与经济学：可再生能源的成本和收益
Choosing between fossil fuels and solar panels involves both science and economics. A household must weigh the high initial cost of solar panels against long-term savings and environmental benefits.
在化石燃料和太阳能板之间做选择既涉及科学又涉及经济学。一个家庭必须权衡太阳能板高昂的初始成本与长期节省以及环境效益。
Data: A solar panel system costs £4,000 to install. It saves £300 per year on electricity bills. A coal-based system has no installation cost but costs £800 per year in electricity. After how many years does the solar option become cheaper overall?
数据：一套太阳能板系统安装花费4000英镑，每年可节省300英镑电费。一套燃煤系统无安装成本，但每年电费800英镑。几年后太阳能方案整体变得更便宜？
Annual saving compared to coal: £800 − £300 = £500 saved per year. Payback period = £4,000 ÷ £500 = 8 years.
与煤电相比每年节省：800英镑 − 300英镑 = 每年节省500英镑。回本期 = 4000英镑 ÷ 500英镑 = 8年。
After 8 years, the solar panels have paid for themselves, and every further year saves money. This combines scientific knowledge of energy with an economic cost–benefit analysis.
8年后，太阳能板收回了成本，之后每一年都在省钱。这结合了能源科学知识与经济学的成本收益分析。
7. Maths & Economics: Interpreting Supply and Demand Tables | 数学与经济学：解读供需表格
Economists often use tables of numbers before drawing graphs. Reading tables and finding patterns is a key skill. The law of demand states that as price rises, quantity demanded falls.
经济学家在绘制图形之前经常使用数据表。阅读表格并寻找规律是一项关键技能。需求定律指出，当价格上升时，需求量下降。
Demand schedule for chocolate bars:
巧克力棒需求表：
| Price per bar (£) | Quantity demanded (bars per day) |
|---|---|
| 0.50 | 100 |
| 1.00 | 60 |
| 1.50 | 30 |
每根价格（英镑） 每天需求量（根）
Question: By how much does quantity demanded fall when price rises from £0.50 to £1.50?
问题：当价格从0.50英镑升至1.50英镑时，需求量下降了多少？
100 − 30 = 70 bars
100 − 30 = 70根
The average drop per £0.50 increase is 35 bars. Economists call this an inverse relationship, which can be plotted as a downward-sloping line. This numeracy task links directly to graph interpretation.
价格每上涨0.50英镑，平均下降35根。经济学家称此为反向关系，可以画成一条向下倾斜的线。这项算术任务直接与图表解读相联系。
8. Sociology & Economics: How Culture Affects Demand | 社会学与经济学：文化如何影响需求
Demand for a product is not only about price; it is also shaped by tastes, traditions and social norms. These factors are studied in sociology and connect directly to market demand.
对产品的需求不仅与价格有关，还受到品味、传统和社会规范的影响。这些因素在社会学中被研究，并直接与市场需求相连。
Case study: In Japan, the demand for high-quality rice is very strong because rice is central to the culture and daily meals. In contrast, a country where bread is the staple may have much lower rice demand. If a rice shop moves from Tokyo to a city where rice is rarely eaten, what happens to the demand curve? Explain using the concept of ‘tastes and preferences’.
案例研究：在日本，对优质大米的需求极为旺盛，因为大米是文化和日常膳食的核心。相比之下，在面包为主食的国家，大米需求可能低得多。如果一家米店从东京搬到一个很少吃米饭的城市，需求曲线会怎样？请用“品味和偏好”的概念解释。
The demand curve shifts to the left because the new location has weaker preferences for rice. Even at the same price, fewer people will want to buy it. Culture is a non-price determinant of demand.
需求曲线向左移动，因为新地点对大米的偏好较弱。即使在相同价格下，愿意购买的人也会减少。文化是需求的非价格决定因素。
9. Geography & Economics: The Impact of Transport Costs on Trade | 地理与经济学：运输成本对贸易的影响
A country’s physical geography influences how easily goods can be moved. High transport costs can make imported goods so expensive that people switch to local alternatives.
一个国家的自然地理会影响货物运输的便利程度。高昂的运输成本可能使进口商品变得如此昂贵，以至于人们转向本地替代品。
Scenario: Island A and Island B both import bananas. Island A has a deep-water port and pays £0.20 per kg in shipping. Island B has a shallow harbour and small boats, costing £0.70 per kg in shipping. The world price of bananas is £1.00 per kg. Calculate the final price in each island.
情景：A岛和B岛都进口香蕉。A岛拥有深水港，运费每公斤0.20英镑。B岛水浅且用小船，运费每公斤0.70英镑。香蕉世界价格为每公斤1.00英镑。计算每个岛的最终价格。
Island A: £1.00 + £0.20 = £1.20; Island B: £1.00 + £0.70 = £1.70
A岛：1.00 + 0.20 = 1.20英镑；B岛：1.00 + 0.70 = 1.70英镑
Because B’s transport is more expensive, demand for bananas might fall, and people may eat more local fruits. Geography therefore affects consumption choices through cost.
由于B的运输更昂贵，香蕉需求可能下降，人们也许会吃更多本地水果。因此，地理通过成本影响消费选择。
10. Integrated: Budgeting and Decision-Making | 综合：预算制定与决策
A personal budget forces you to make choices with limited money. This exercise uses maths, personal finance and the economic concepts of scarcity and opportunity cost.
个人预算迫使你在资金有限的情况下做出选择。这项练习运用了数学、个人理财以及稀缺性和机会成本的经济概念。
Task: Max has a monthly allowance of £30. He must plan his spending. His options: mobile top-up £10, snacks £12, cinema ticket £8, saving for a new skateboard (£50 needed). He must save at least £5 per month. Create two different budgets that meet the saving rule and explain the opportunity cost of each.
任务：马克斯每月零花钱30英镑。他必须计划开支。选项：手机充值10英镑，零食12英镑，电影票8英镑，为新滑板储蓄（需要50英镑）。他必须每月至少储蓄5英镑。制定两个符合储蓄规则的不同预算，并解释每个预算的机会成本。
Budget 1: Top-up £10, snacks £10, cinema £0, savings £10. Opportunity cost: no cinema trip.
预算1：充值10英镑，零食10英镑，电影0英镑，储蓄10英镑。机会成本：放弃电影。
Budget 2: Top-up £10, snacks £5, cinema £8, savings £7. Opportunity cost: fewer snacks.
预算2：充值10英镑，零食5英镑，电影8英镑，储蓄7英镑。机会成本：零食减少。
In both budgets, he must give up something (scarcity). The decision shows trade-offs and the importance of prioritising needs over wants.
在两个预算中，他都必须放弃某些东西（稀缺性）。这个决定显示了权衡取舍以及优先考虑需求而非欲望的重要性。
Published by TutorHao | Economics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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