Year 7 OCR Economics: In-depth Analysis of Past Exam Questions | Year 7 OCR 经济：历年真题深度解析

📚 Year 7 OCR Economics: In-depth Analysis of Past Exam Questions | Year 7 OCR 经济：历年真题深度解析

Welcome to our deep-dive into Year 7 OCR Economics past papers. This guide breaks down common question types, model answers, and examiner tips to help you secure top marks. Every section mirrors the style and demand of real OCR assessments, focusing on core concepts such as scarcity, choice, demand, supply, and the role of money.

欢迎来到 Year 7 OCR 经济学历年真题深度解析。本指南将拆解常见题型、示范答案和考官建议，助力你赢得高分。每个小节均对标真实 OCR 测评的风格与难度，聚焦稀缺性、选择、需求、供给以及货币的作用等核心概念。

1. Understanding Scarcity | 理解稀缺性

Question 1 (2022 Specimen): ‘Define scarcity.’ (2 marks). The expected answer: Scarcity means that there are limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants. This forces individuals, businesses, and governments to make choices. A one-sentence definition is insufficient for full marks; you must explain the consequence—choices must be made. For example, a country has a limited amount of oil, but people want to use it for fuel, plastics, and generating electricity, so it must decide how to allocate it.

题目 1 (2022 年样卷): ‘定义稀缺性。’ (2 分)。期望的答案是：稀缺性意味着有限的资源无法满足无限的欲望。这迫使个人、企业和政府做出选择。仅有一句定义无法获得满分；你必须解释其后果——必须做出选择。例如，一个国家的石油储量有限，但人们想用它来制造燃料、塑料和发电，因此必须决定如何分配。

Examiner tip: Always use the key phrase ‘limited resources versus unlimited wants’. Many students lose marks by only mentioning ‘not enough resources’. The idea of unlimited wants is equally important. Relate scarcity to everyday life, such as pocket money—you cannot buy everything you want.

考官建议：务必使用关键短语 ‘有限的资源与无限的欲望’。许多学生因只提到 ‘资源不够’ 而丢分。无限欲望这一概念同样重要。将稀缺性与日常生活联系起来，比如零花钱——你无法买下所有想要的东西。

2. Opportunity Cost in Everyday Decisions | 日常决策中的机会成本

Question 2 (2021 Paper): ‘Jamie has £5. He can buy a cinema ticket or a new book. Explain the opportunity cost of buying the book.’ (3 marks). The model answer: The opportunity cost of buying the book is the cinema ticket, which is the next best alternative forgone. Jamie must give up the enjoyment of watching a film when he chooses the book. If he valued the cinema trip more than the book, the opportunity cost represents a real loss of satisfaction. Simply stating ‘the cinema ticket’ without mentioning ‘next best alternative forgone’ only scores 1 mark.

题目 2 (2021 年试卷): ‘杰米有 5 英镑。他可以买一张电影票或一本新书。解释买书的机会成本。’ (3 分)。示范答案：买书的机会成本是那张电影票，即所放弃的次优选择。当杰米选择书时，他就必须放弃观看电影的乐趣。如果他原本更看重看电影，那么机会成本就代表了实实在在的满足感的损失。仅简单回答 ‘电影票’ 而没有提及 ‘所放弃的次优选择’ 只得 1 分。

Common mistake: Confusing opportunity cost with money spent. The £5 is the price of the book, not the opportunity cost. The opportunity cost is what you give up gaining. Draw a simple decision tree in the exam to help visualise the alternatives.

常见错误：将机会成本与花掉的钱混为一谈。那 5 英镑是书的价格，不是机会成本。机会成本是你放弃获取的东西。考试时可以画一个简单的决策树，帮助看清替代选项。

3. The Four Factors of Production | 四种生产要素

Question 3 (2022 Paper): ‘List the four factors of production and give an example of each for a lemonade stand.’ (4 marks). The correct factors are Land (lemons, water, the pitch), Labour (the person squeezing lemons), Capital (the juicer, cups, table), and Enterprise (the owner who organises the other factors and takes the risk). Do not confuse ‘capital’ with money in this context; capital means physical equipment used to produce goods.

题目 3 (2022 年试卷): ‘列出四种生产要素，并为一个柠檬水小摊各举一个例子。’ (4 分)。正确的要素是：土地（柠檬、水、摊位地点）、劳动力（榨柠檬的人）、资本（榨汁机、杯子、桌子）和企业才能（组织其他要素并承担风险的摊主）。此处不要将 ‘资本’ 与金钱混淆；资本指的是用于生产商品的有形设备。

Use the table below to memorise the factors and their rewards. This table has appeared in multiple OCR marking schemes for the topic ‘rewards to factors’.

使用下表记忆各要素及其报酬。该表在 OCR 关于 ‘要素报酬’ 的评分方案中多次出现。

Factor of Production	Reward	Example (Lemonade Stand)
Land	Rent	Lemons, water, space on the street
Labour	Wage	Time and effort of the seller
Capital	Interest	Juicer, cups, table
Enterprise	Profit	The owner who takes the risk

Examiners often test whether you can distinguish between a natural resource (land) and a man-made resource (capital). Remember, the reward for enterprise is profit, not a wage—the owner receives any profit left after paying other costs.

考官常考你是否能区分自然资源（土地）和人造资源（资本）。记住，企业才能的报酬是利润，而非工资——业主在支付其他成本后获得剩余利润。

4. The Basic Economic Problem: What, How, For Whom? | 基本经济问题：生产什么、如何生产、为谁生产

Question 4 (2023 Paper): ‘Explain how a school canteen answers the three basic economic questions.’ (6 marks). A strong answer shows that the canteen decides what to produce (menu items based on student surveys), how to produce (using kitchen staff and equipment, choosing between fresh and frozen ingredients), and for whom to produce (students with meal cards versus cash-paying visitors). This question requires application; simply stating the three questions earns only 1 mark.

题目 4 (2023 年试卷): ‘解释学校食堂如何回答三个基本经济问题。’ (6 分)。高分答案需展示食堂决定生产什么（根据学生调查确定菜单）、如何生产（使用厨房员工和设备，选择新鲜或冷冻食材）以及为谁生产（持饭卡的学生与现金支付的访客）。此题考察应用能力；仅列出三个问题只得 1 分。

Whenever you see a 6-mark ‘explain’ question, structure your answer using the three questions as sub-headings. This method makes it easier for the examiner to award marks for each distinct point. Tie your examples directly to the case study given in the question.

每当遇到 6 分 ‘解释’ 题时，将三个基本问题作为小标题来组织答案。这样能让考官更容易就每个独立要点给分。你的例子要直接联系题目中给出的案例。

5. Demand: The Price-Demand Relationship | 需求：价格与需求的关系

Question 5 (2021 Paper): ‘State the law of demand and illustrate it with a simple demand schedule.’ (3 marks). The law of demand states that as the price of a good increases, the quantity demanded decreases, ceteris paribus (all other factors unchanged). A demand schedule is a table showing the relationship. For instance, for chocolate bars at a tuck shop: at £0.50, quantity demanded = 40 per day; at £1.00, quantity demanded = 20 per day.

题目 5 (2021 年试卷): ‘陈述需求定律并用一个简单的需求表加以说明。’ (3 分)。需求定律指出，在其他条件不变的情况下，商品价格上升，需求量下降。需求表是展示这种关系的表格。例如，小吃店的巧克力棒：价格为 0.50 英镑时，每日需求量为 40；价格为 1.00 英镑时，每日需求量为 20。

Always include ‘ceteris paribus’ in your definition—it shows you understand that other factors like income or tastes are held constant. Many Year 7 students forget to draw a table when asked for a schedule, costing an easy mark. A small table with two price-quantity points is enough.

定义中务必加上 ‘其它条件不变’——这表明你理解收入、偏好等其他因素保持不变。很多 Year 7 学生在要求绘制表时会忘记画表格，从而丢分。一个包含两个价格-数量数据点的小表格就足够了。

6. Supply: The Producer’s Viewpoint | 供给：生产者的视角

Question 6 (2022 Specification Test): ‘Explain why a bakery might supply more bread when the price of bread rises.’ (4 marks). A bakery would supply more because a higher price means higher potential revenue and profit, acting as an incentive for the producer. The bakery might also use existing spare capacity or extend working hours to produce more. Additionally, if the price is high, even less efficient producers can cover their costs, so market supply expands. The key idea: price and quantity supplied have a direct positive relationship, unlike demand.

题目 6 (2022 规格测试): ‘解释为什么面包店在面包价格上涨时会增加供给。’ (4 分)。面包店会增加供给是因为更高的价格意味着更高的潜在收入和利润，这对生产者形成了激励。面包店也可能利用现有闲置产能或延长工作时间来生产更多。此外，如果价格高，即使效率较低的生产者也能覆盖成本，因此市场供给量扩大。核心思想：价格与供给量呈正相关关系，这与需求不同。

To get all 4 marks, you must mention profit incentive and capacity. Do not mix up ‘supply’ with ‘quantity supplied’—a change in price causes a movement along the supply curve (change in quantity supplied), not a shift of the curve itself. This subtlety is often tested in multiple-choice questions.

要拿到全部 4 分，必须提及利润激励和产能。不要混淆 ‘供给’ 与 ‘供给量’——价格变化会导致沿着供给曲线的移动（供给量的变化），而非曲线本身的位移。这一细微差别常在选择题中考查。

7. Market Equilibrium and Price Mechanism | 市场均衡与价格机制

Question 7 (2020 December Mock): ‘Using a demand and supply diagram, show how the equilibrium price of smartphones might fall when a new technology reduces production costs. No drawing required, just description.’ (3 marks). The reduction in production costs would increase supply, shifting the supply curve to the right. Demand remains unchanged. The new equilibrium occurs at a lower price and higher quantity. Thus, the equilibrium price falls. Describe the shift explicitly: ‘Supply curve S shifts right to S1, causing a surplus at the old price, which pushes the market price down to a new equilibrium P2.’

题目 7 (2020 年 12 月模拟卷): ‘利用需求和供给图，说明当一项新技术降低生产成本时，智能手机的均衡价格会如何下降。无需绘图，仅描述即可。’ (3 分)。生产成本的降低会增加供给，使供给曲线向右移动。需求不变。新均衡点出现在更低价格和更高数量上。因此均衡价格下降。明确描述位移：’供给曲线 S 向右移至 S1，在原价格上造成过剩，从而推动市场价格降至新的均衡 P2。’

When a ‘diagram’ is asked for but drawing is not required, use clear descriptive language like ‘shift right’, ‘extension of demand’, and ‘contraction of supply’. Avoid vague terms such as ‘price goes down’. Instead, explain the surplus process: at the old price, quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded, forcing sellers to lower the price.

当要求 ‘图表’ 而无需绘图时，使用清晰的描述性语言，如 ‘向右移动’、’需求扩大’、’供给收缩’。避免使用 ‘价格下降’ 等模糊表述。应解释过剩过程：在原价格下，供给量大于需求量，迫使卖家降低价格。

8. Functions of Money | 货币的职能

Question 8 (2023 Topic Test): ‘Identify and explain two functions of money, using a school tuck shop as an example.’ (4 marks). The two functions most students choose are a medium of exchange and a store of value. As a medium of exchange, pupils use coins to buy snacks instead of bartering, say, swapping stickers for a biscuit. As a store of value, a pupil can save £1 today and spend it next week; its value remains reasonably stable. A unit of account is also acceptable—prices are quoted in pounds and pence, allowing comparison between items.

题目 8 (2023 年专题测试): ‘以学校小吃店为例，指出并解释货币的两种职能。’ (4 分)。多数学生会选择交换媒介和价值贮藏这两种职能。作为交换媒介，学生用硬币购买零食，而无需以物易物，比如用贴纸换饼干。作为价值贮藏，学生今天存下 1 英镑，下周仍可花掉；其价值保持基本稳定。计价单位也是可接受的——商品以英镑和便士标价，便于比较。

Examiner warning: Never answer ‘money is a source of happiness’ or ‘money is a piece of paper’. Stick to the three classic functions. For top marks, include an example for each function. Many students confuse ‘store of value’ with saving in a bank; clarify that money itself must hold its purchasing power over time.

考官警告：切勿回答 ‘金钱是快乐的源泉’ 或 ‘金钱是一张纸’。紧扣三种经典职能。要拿高分，每个职能都要举例。很多学生将 ‘价值贮藏’ 与银行储蓄相混淆；需阐明货币自身必须随时间保持购买力。

9. Economic Systems: Free Market vs Planned | 经济制度：自由市场与计划体制

Question 9 (2021 End-of-Year): ‘Compare how resources are allocated in a free market economy and a planned economy.’ (5 marks). In a free market, consumers and producers interact in markets; prices act as signals to allocate resources. Entrepreneurs respond to profit opportunities. In a planned economy, the government owns most resources and decides what, how, and for whom to produce. For example, in a free market, a shortage of strawberries raises the price, encouraging more production; in a planned economy, a central board might simply issue a directive to grow more strawberries. The key contrast is between consumer sovereignty and government command.

题目 9 (2021 年学年末): ‘比较自由市场经济与计划经济中资源是如何分配的。’ (5 分)。在自由市场中，消费者和生产者通过市场互动；价格作为信号引导资源配置。企业家响应利润机会。在计划经济中，政府拥有大部分资源，并决定生产什么、如何生产和为谁生产。例如，自由市场中草莓短缺会抬高价格，激励更多生产；而在计划经济中，中央委员会可能直接下达增产草莓的指令。关键对比在于消费者主权与政府指令的区别。

A common source of error is stating that planned economies have no prices. Planned economies do use prices but they are set by the state, not by market forces of supply and demand. Use comparison words like ‘whereas’ and ‘on the other hand’ to structure your answer.

一个常见错误是说计划经济没有价格。计划经济中也有价格，但它们由国家设定，而非由市场供求力量决定。使用 ‘而’、’另一方面’ 等比较性词语来组织你的答案。

10. Budgeting and Consumer Choice | 预算与消费者选择

Question 10 (2022 Extension Paper): ‘Mia earns £20 per month from chores. She saves 20% and spends the rest on cinema trips (£8 each) and comics (£2 each). Draw a budget line to show her options, and explain what happens to her budget line if the price of a cinema trip rises to £10.’ (6 marks). The budget line shows the combinations of two goods Mia can afford with her £16 spending money (£20 minus 20% saving). Initially, maximum cinema trips = 2 (16/8), maximum comics = 8 (16/2). When the cinema price rises, the maximum cinema trips fall to 1 (with £6 left for comics). The budget line pivots inward on the cinema axis, reducing her real purchasing power. This illustrates the concept of a price change affecting consumer choice.

题目 10 (2022 年拓展试卷): ‘米娅每月通过做家务挣 20 英镑。她储蓄 20%，剩余部分用于看电影（每场 8 英镑）和买漫画书（每本 2 英镑）。画出她的预算线以展示其选择，并解释如果电影价格上涨到 10 英镑，她的预算线会如何变化。’ (6 分)。预算线显示米娅用她 16 英镑的支出（20 英镑减去 20% 储蓄）所能承担的组合。最初，最多电影场次 = 2 (16/8)，最多漫画书 = 8 (16/2)。当电影价格上涨后，最多电影场次降至 1 场（剩余 6 英镑买漫画书）。预算线以内转方式在电影轴上收缩，降低了她的实际购买力。这说明价格变化影响消费者选择的概念。

Although you may not need to draw a graph in Year 7, describing the pivot and the new intercepts shows high-level analytical skill. Always deduct savings first to determine the actual spending amount. This is a classic ‘real-life maths’ application in OCR Economics.

尽管 Year 7 可能无需画图，但描述出内转以及新的截距可以展示高阶分析能力。务必先扣除储蓄以确定实际支出金额。这是 OCR 经济中经典的 ‘现实生活数学’ 应用。

Published by TutorHao | Economics Revision Series | aleveler.com

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