Year 7 OCR Geography: Terminology Fast-Track Guide | 七年级OCR地理：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 OCR Geography: Terminology Fast-Track Guide | 七年级OCR地理：词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to your essential fast-track guide for mastering Year 7 OCR Geography terminology. Building a strong vocabulary early on is the secret to describing landscapes, analysing maps, and explaining human-environment interactions with confidence. This guide breaks down the most important terms into clear, memorable sections, paired with simple memory tricks to help you recall them under pressure.

欢迎来到七年级OCR地理词汇速记指南。尽早建立扎实的术语库，是你自信描述地貌、分析地图、解释人地关系的秘诀。本指南将最重要的术语拆解为清晰易记的板块，并搭配简单的记忆窍门，帮助你在考试压力下也能轻松回忆。

1. Geography: The Big Picture | 地理学：全局视角

Geography is the study of the Earth’s surface, its physical features, and the way humans interact with their environment. When you hear ‘geography’, think ‘where’, ‘why there’, and ‘how it affects people’.

地理学是研究地球表面、自然特征以及人类与环境相互作用方式的学科。当你听到“地理”时，就想到“在哪里”、“为什么在那里”以及“它如何影响人类”。

Physical geography deals with the natural world: mountains, rivers, climate, and ecosystems. Human geography focuses on people, cities, trade, and culture.

自然地理研究自然界：山脉、河流、气候和生态系统。人文地理聚焦于人类、城市、贸易和文化。

Environmental geography sits at the intersection, examining how humans impact nature and how nature shapes human life. Remember the three branches as PHE: Physical, Human, Environmental.

环境地理学位于交叉点，研究人类如何影响自然，以及自然如何塑造人类生活。记住这三个分支为PHE：物理、人文、环境。

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2. Physical Geography Terms | 自然地理术语

Relief refers to the shape and height of the land. It describes whether an area is flat, hilly, or mountainous. Think ‘relief = how the land rises’.

地势指地表的形状和高度，描述一个地区是平坦、丘陵还是山地。记住“地势=地面怎样隆起”。

Erosion is the wearing away of the land by wind, water, or ice. Visualise a river carrying away soil bit by bit.

侵蚀是风、水或冰对地表的磨损。想象一条河流一点点带走泥沙。

Weathering breaks rocks down in place without moving them. Unlike erosion, there is no transport.

风化使岩石原地破碎而不移动。与侵蚀不同，没有搬运过程。

Deposition happens when the material carried by wind or water is dropped. Deltas at river mouths are classic examples.

沉积发生在风或水搬运的物质被堆积下来的时候。河口三角洲是典型例子。

Ecosystem is a community of plants, animals, and their physical surroundings interacting as a system. A pond or a forest are both ecosystems.

生态系统是植物、动物及其自然环境相互作用的群落系统。一个池塘或一片森林都是生态系统。

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3. Human Geography Terms | 人文地理术语

Settlement is a place where people live, from a tiny hamlet to a megacity. A settlement hierarchy ranks them by size and importance.

聚落是人们居住的地方，从一个小村庄到超级大都市。聚落等级体系根据规模和重要性对其进行排序。

Population density measures how crowded an area is: number of people per square kilometre. Japan has a high density, while Greenland has a low one.

人口密度衡量一个地区的拥挤程度：每平方公里的人口数。日本密度高，格陵兰低。

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. Push factors drive people away (war, drought), while pull factors attract them to a new place (jobs, safety).

人口迁移是人口从一个地方移动到另一个地方。推力因素驱使人离开（战争、干旱），拉力因素则吸引人去往新的地方（就业、安全）。

Urbanisation means the growth of towns and cities as more people shift from rural areas. Today over half the world lives in urban areas.

城市化指随着更多人从农村转移，城镇和城市的增长。如今世界上一半以上的人口居住在城市地区。

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the total value of goods and services produced in a country. It helps compare the wealth of nations.

国内生产总值是一个国家生产的商品和服务的总价值，有助于比较各国的财富。

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4. Map Skills Vocabulary | 地图技能词汇

Grid reference uses numbers to locate places on a map. A four-figure reference gives a square; a six-figure reference pinpoints a precise point.

网格坐标用数字在地图上定位地点。四位坐标给出一个方格，六位坐标则能精确定位一个点。

Scale tells you how much the real world has been shrunk. A 1:25,000 scale means 1 cm on the map equals 25,000 cm (or 250 m) on the ground.

比例尺告诉你现实世界被缩小了多少。1:25,000 比例尺意味着地图上 1 厘米相当于地面上 25,000 厘米（或 250 米）。

Contour lines are orange lines connecting points of equal height. Close contours = steep slope; wide apart = gentle slope.

等高线是连接相同高度点的橙色线条。等高线密集=陡坡；稀疏=缓坡。

Compass directions use 4 or 8 points. Never Eat Shredded Wheat helps recall North, East, South, West in clockwise order.

罗盘方向使用 4 或 8 个方位点。“Never Eat Shredded Wheat” 帮助按顺时针顺序记住北、东、南、西。

Key or legend explains the symbols on a map. Always check the key first when you receive an exam map.

图例解释地图上的符号。拿到考试地图时，总是先查看图例。

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5. Weather and Climate Terms | 天气与气候术语

Weather is the day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere – rain, sun, wind. Climate is the average weather over 30 years or more.

天气是大气每日的状况——雨、晴、风。气候是 30 年或更长时间的平均天气状况。

Precipitation includes rain, snow, sleet, and hail – any water falling from the sky.

降水包括雨、雪、雨夹雪和冰雹——任何从天空降落的水分。

Atmospheric pressure is the weight of air above us. Low pressure often brings clouds and rain; high pressure typically means clearer skies.

大气压力是上方空气的重量。低压通常带来云雨，高压通常意味着晴朗天空。

Prevailing wind is the most frequent wind direction for a place. In the UK, it is the south-westerly, bringing moist air from the Atlantic.

盛行风是一个地方最常见风向。在英国为西南风，从大西洋带来湿润空气。

Microclimate is a small area whose climate differs from the surroundings – like a sheltered garden or a city centre.

小气候是气候与周边不同的局部小区域——比如一个避风的花园或市中心。

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6. Rivers and Coasts | 河流与海岸

Source is where a river begins, often in hills or mountains. The mouth is where it meets a sea or lake.

源头是河流开始的地方，通常在丘陵或山区。河口则是河流汇入大海或湖泊的地方。

Tributary is a smaller river flowing into a larger one. The confluence is the meeting point.

支流是流入更大河流的小河。汇流点就是交汇处。

Meander is a bend in a river. Over time, erosion on the outer bend and deposition on the inner bend make it more curved.

曲流是河流的弯曲段。随时间推移，外弯侵蚀、内弯沉积，使弯道更曲。

Floodplain is flat land next to a river that naturally gets covered when the river overflows.

洪泛平原是河流旁的平坦土地，当河水溢出时自然被淹没。

Coastal erosion shapes cliffs and creates landforms like caves, arches, and stacks. Longshore drift moves sand along the coast in a zigzag pattern.

海岸侵蚀塑造悬崖并形成洞穴、拱门和海蚀柱等地貌。沿岸物质漂移以锯齿形模式沿海岸搬运泥沙。

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7. Settlement and Population | 聚落与人口

Site is the actual land on which a settlement is built. Situation is the location relative to other places.

城址是聚落建设的实际土地。位置状况是相对于其他地方的位置。

Function of a settlement can be market, port, residential, or tourist – many change over time.

功能：一个聚落的功能可以是市场、港口、住宅或旅游——许多会随时间而改变。

Birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people per year. Death rate is similar for deaths. Natural increase = birth rate minus death rate.

出生率是每年每千人中的活产数。死亡率类似，指死亡人数。自然增长率=出生率减去死亡率。

Life expectancy is the average number of years a person can expect to live. It is higher in HICs (high-income countries).

预期寿命是一个人预期能活的平均年数。在高收入国家中更高。

Population pyramid is a graph showing age and gender distribution. A wide base means many young people; a narrow top shows fewer elderly.

人口金字塔是显示年龄和性别分布的图表。底部宽代表年轻人口多；顶部窄表示老年人较少。

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8. Environmental Concerns | 环境议题

Sustainability means using resources in a way that does not harm future generations’ ability to meet their own needs.

可持续性意味着在使用资源时，不损害后代满足自身需求的能力。

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in global temperatures and weather patterns, largely driven by human activities.

气候变化指全球温度和天气模式的长期变化，主要由人类活动驱动。

Greenhouse gases like CO₂ trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the planet to warm.

温室气体如二氧化碳，在大气中截留热量，导致地球变暖。

Renewable energy comes from sources that don’t run out: solar, wind, hydro, and tidal power.

可再生能源来自取之不尽的资源：太阳能、风能、水能和潮汐能。

Deforestation is the large-scale removal of trees, often for farming or timber. It reduces biodiversity and increases CO₂.

森林砍伐是大规模移除树木，通常为农业或木材。它减少生物多样性并增加二氧化碳。

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9. Memory Tricks for Key Terms | 关键术语的记忆窍门

Use acronyms to group concepts: for the water cycle, remember E-C-P-R — Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, Run-off.

使用首字母缩略词来分组概念：对于水循环，记住E-C-P-R——蒸发、凝结、降水、径流。

Link tricky pairs with rhymes: ‘Erosion takes it away, weathering lets it stay.’ This reminds you that only erosion involves transport.

用押韵联系易混淆的组合：“侵蚀把它带走，风化让它安守”。这提醒你只有侵蚀涉及搬运。

Draw a simple sketch for each term: a stick-man diagram of longshore drift or a labelled meander cross-section. Visual memory is powerful.

为每个术语画个简图：沿岸漂移的火柴人图解或标注曲流横截面。视觉记忆是强有力的。

Build a geography word wall at home. Write each term on a card with the definition on the back, and sort them by topic.

在家建一面地理单词墙。把每个术语写在卡片上，背面写定义，并按主题分类。

Use the term in a sentence about your local area: ‘Our high street is a retail function,’ or ‘The stream shows erosion after heavy rain.’

用你当地的事物造句：“我们的商业街具有零售功能”，或“大雨后小溪显示出侵蚀”。

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10. Quick-Reference Glossary Table | 速查词汇表

This table provides a speedy summary of must-know terms for your exam revision.

下表为考试复习必备术语提供了快速总结。

English Term	中文术语	Quick Definition
Relief	地势	Height and shape of land
Erosion	侵蚀	Wearing away and removal of material
Weathering	风化	Breaking down rocks in place
Deposition	沉积	Dropping of transported material
Urbanisation	城市化	Growth of towns and cities
Sustainability	可持续性	Meeting needs without harming future
Precipitation	降水	Any water falling from sky
Grid reference	网格坐标	Number system to locate on map
Contour line	等高线	Line joining equal height points
Longshore drift	沿岸物质漂移	Zigzag movement of sand along coast

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