Year 7 OCR Science: Key Vocabulary Terms Quick-Memorisation Guide | Year 7 OCR 科学：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 OCR Science: Key Vocabulary Terms Quick-Memorisation Guide | Year 7 OCR 科学：词汇术语速记指南

Building a strong science vocabulary in Year 7 is like collecting the keys that unlock every new topic. The OCR Key Stage 3 syllabus expects you not only to know the definitions, but also to use the terms accurately when describing experiments, explaining ideas and interpreting data. This guide groups the essential terms by topic and gives you simple, ready-to-use memory tricks — so you can learn faster and remember longer.

在 Year 7 把科学词汇基础打牢，就像收集打开每个新专题的钥匙。OCR 初中科学大纲不但要求你明白定义，还要求你在描述实验、解释概念、解读数据时准确使用这些术语。这份指南按主题把必背词汇分类，并提供简单好用的记忆窍门，帮助你学得更快、记得更牢。

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1. Scientific Enquiry Words | 科学探究词汇

Hypothesis | 假设

A hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts the outcome of an investigation. It often begins with ‘If… then…’.

假设是一个可以检验的陈述，对探究结果作出预测，通常以“如果……那么……”开头。

Independent variable | 自变量

The independent variable is the factor you change on purpose in an experiment. Think of ‘I change’ — the letter ‘I’ reminds you of Independent.

自变量是实验中你故意改变的那个因素。记住“I change”——靠字母 I 来联想 Independent。

Dependent variable | 因变量

The dependent variable is what you measure or observe. It ‘depends’ on the independent variable.

因变量是你测量或观察的结果，它“依赖于”自变量的变化。

Control variable | 控制变量

Control variables are all the factors you keep the same to make a fair test. Without them, you cannot be sure what caused the change.

控制变量是实验中你保持不变的各个因素，用来保证公平测试。没控制好它们，就无法确定变化的真正原因。

Fair test | 公平测试

A fair test is an experiment where only the independent variable is changed, all control variables are kept constant, and the dependent variable is measured accurately.

公平测试是只让自变量改变、所有控制变量保持不变、并准确测量因变量的实验。

Repeatable & reproducible | 可重复 & 可重现

Repeatable means you get the same results when you repeat the experiment yourself. Reproducible means someone else follows your method and gets similar results.

可重复指你自己重做实验得到相同结果；可重现指别人按你的方法也能得到相似结果。

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2. Cells and Life Processes | 细胞与生命过程

Cell | 细胞

The cell is the basic building block of all living organisms. Some organisms are single-celled, while humans have trillions of cells.

细胞是所有生物体最基本的构造单位。有些生物是单细胞的，而人体则有数万亿个细胞。

Nucleus | 细胞核

The nucleus controls the cell’s activities and contains genetic material (DNA). Think of it as the cell’s ‘brain’.

细胞核控制细胞活动并携带遗传物质（DNA）。可以把它想象成细胞的“大脑”。

Cytoplasm | 细胞质

Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance where most chemical reactions take place. The word ‘cyt’ means cell, and ‘plasm’ means a fluid matrix.

细胞质是果冻状物质，大多数化学反应在此进行。词根“cyt”指细胞，“plasm”指液态基质。

Cell membrane | 细胞膜

The cell membrane is a thin layer around the cell that controls what enters and leaves. Think ‘border control’.

细胞膜是包裹细胞的一层薄膜，控制物质进出，如同“边境检查站”。

Cell wall | 细胞壁

The cell wall is a rigid outer layer found in plant cells (and some other organisms) that provides support. Only plants have it — so remember ‘plants have walls’.

细胞壁是植物细胞（及其它少数生物）才有的坚硬外层，起支撑作用。记住“植物有墙”。

Chloroplast | 叶绿体

Chloroplasts are green structures in plant cells where photosynthesis happens. ‘Chloros’ means green in Greek.

叶绿体是植物细胞中的绿色结构，进行光合作用。希腊词根“chloros”意为绿色。

Vacuole | 液泡

A vacuole is a large, fluid-filled space inside plant cells that stores nutrients and helps keep the cell firm.

液泡是植物细胞内部充满液体的大囊泡，储存营养并保持细胞坚挺。

Respiration & photosynthesis | 呼吸作用与光合作用

Respiration is the process that releases energy from glucose in all living cells — it happens all the time. Photosynthesis is how plants make glucose using light energy. Do not confuse them: respiration is about releasing energy; photosynthesis is about capturing it.

呼吸作用是一切活细胞从葡萄糖释放能量的过程——时刻进行。光合作用是植物利用光能制造葡萄糖的过程。别混淆：呼吸作用是释放能量，光合作用是捕获能量。

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3. Particles and States of Matter | 粒子与物质状态

Particle | 粒子

A particle is a tiny piece of matter. In Year 7, we use the particle model to explain the behaviour of solids, liquids and gases.

粒子是物质极小的组成单元。在 Year 7 我们用粒子模型解释固体、液体和气体的行为。

Solid, liquid, gas | 固体、液体、气体

Solids have particles packed closely in a fixed pattern, liquids have particles close but able to flow, gases have particles far apart moving rapidly. Link the three states to the three types of movement: vibrate, slide, fly.

固体粒子紧密排列成固定格局，液体粒子紧贴但能流动，气体粒子彼此远离并快速运动。把三态跟三种运动方式联系起来：振动、滑动、飞动。

Diffusion | 扩散

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It happens in liquids and gases because the particles are always moving.

扩散是粒子从高浓度区域净移动到低浓度区域的过程。它发生在液体和气体中，因为粒子总在运动。

Change of state | 状态变化

Melting (solid → liquid), freezing (liquid → solid), boiling/vaporisation (liquid → gas), condensing (gas → liquid) and sublimation (solid directly to gas) are all changes of state. Use the mnemonic ‘Melt Furious Bunnies Very Calmly Sometimes’ for Melting, Freezing, Boiling, Vaporisation, Condensation, Sublimation.

熔化（固 → 液）、凝固（液 → 固）、沸腾/汽化（液 → 气）、冷凝（气 → 液）和升华（固直接到气）都是状态变化。用中文顺口溜“熔凝汽，升凝固”帮忙记忆流程。

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4. Forces and Motion | 力与运动

Force | 力

A force is a push or a pull, measured in newtons (N). Forces can change an object’s speed, direction or shape.

力是推或拉，以牛顿(N)为单位。力可以改变物体的速度、方向或形状。

Friction | 摩擦力

Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. It slows things down and wears them away, but it is also essential for gripping.

摩擦力是接触表面间阻碍运动的力。它会减慢速度并磨损物体，但也是抓地所必需的。

Air resistance | 空气阻力

Air resistance is a type of friction that objects experience when they move through the air. Streamlined shapes reduce it.

空气阻力是物体穿过空气时受到的一种摩擦。流线型可以减少它。

Gravity | 重力

Gravity is a force of attraction between masses. On Earth, gravity gives objects weight and pulls them towards the centre of the planet.

重力是质量间的吸引力。在地球上，重力使物体具有重量，并把它们拉向地心。

Mass vs weight | 质量 与 重量

Mass is the amount of matter in an object (measured in kilograms) and never changes. Weight is the force due to gravity (measured in newtons) and depends on where you are. Remember: mass is ‘stuff’, weight is a force.

质量是物体所含物质的量（千克），永远不变。重量是由于重力产生的力（牛顿），取决于你所在的地点。记住：质量是“多少料”，重量是力。

Balanced & unbalanced forces | 平衡力与不平衡力

Balanced forces cause no change in motion; unbalanced forces change speed or direction. Imagine a tug-of-war: equal teams mean balanced, unequal means unbalanced.

平衡力不改变运动状态；不平衡力会改变速度或方向。想象拔河：两队力量相等就是平衡，不相等就不平衡。

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5. Energy Types and Transfers | 能量类型与传递

Energy store | 能量储存

An energy store is where energy is held before it is transferred. Examples include kinetic energy store, chemical energy store, thermal energy store, gravitational potential energy store and elastic potential energy store.

能量储存是能量在被传递之前存放的地方，如动能储存、化学能储存、热能储存、重力势能储存和弹性势能储存。

Kinetic energy | 动能

Kinetic energy is the energy of moving objects. The faster something moves, the more kinetic energy it has.

动能是运动物体的能量。物体运动得越快，动能越大。

Chemical energy | 化学能

Chemical energy is stored in fuels, food and batteries. It is released during chemical reactions.

化学能储存在燃料、食物和电池中，在化学反应时释放出来。

Thermal energy | 热能

Thermal energy is the total energy of all the particles in an object — the hotter it is, the more thermal energy it usually has.

热能是物体内部所有粒子的总能量——温度越高，通常热能越大。

Energy transfer & dissipation | 能量转移与耗散

Energy can be transferred from one store to another (e.g. chemically stored in a battery can transfer electrically and then to light). Dissipation means energy spreads out into the surroundings, often as less useful thermal energy.

能量可以从一种储存转移到另一种储存（如电池中的化学能可以经电能转变为光能）。耗散指能量散逸到环境中，常以不太有用的热能形式损失。

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6. Acids, Alkalis and Chemical Reactions | 酸、碱与化学反应

Acid | 酸

An acid is a substance with a pH below 7 that forms hydrogen ions in water. Examples include hydrochloric acid, vinegar and lemon juice.

酸是 pH 值低于 7 的物质，在水中产生氢离子。如盐酸、醋和柠檬汁。

Alkali | 碱

An alkali is a soluble base with a pH above 7. Think ‘alkali feels soapy’ — soaps are often slightly alkaline.

碱是 pH 值高于 7 的可溶性碱，皂感滑腻——“alkali 滑溜溜”。

Neutral & pH scale | 中性 与 pH 标度

A neutral substance has a pH of 7, like pure water. The pH scale runs from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline).

中性物质的 pH 为 7，像纯水。pH 标度从 0（强酸）到 14（强碱）。

Indicator & universal indicator | 指示剂 与 通用指示剂

An indicator is a chemical that changes colour in acids and alkalis. Litmus turns red in acid and blue in alkali. Universal indicator gives a wider range of colours for different pH values.

指示剂是在酸和碱里变色的化学品。石蕊遇酸变红、遇碱变蓝。通用指示剂能根据不同 pH 给出更丰富的颜色变化。

Neutralisation | 中和

Neutralisation occurs when an acid and an alkali react to form a salt and water, bringing the pH towards 7.

中和是酸与碱反应生成盐和水，使 pH 趋向 7 的过程。

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7. Electricity Basics | 电学基础

Current | 电流

Electric current is the flow of electrical charge, measured in amperes (amps). In a metal wire, it is the movement of electrons.

电流是电荷的流动，单位为安培。在金属导线里，它是电子的移动。

Voltage | 电压

Voltage is a measure of the energy carried by the charge, measured in volts (V). It is the ‘push’ that drives current around a circuit.

电压衡量电荷携带的能量，单位为伏特。它是驱动电流绕电路流动的“推力”。

Resistance | 电阻

Resistance is anything that slows down the flow of current, measured in ohms (Ω). Longer or thinner wires usually have higher resistance.

电阻是阻碍电流流动的任何因素，单位为欧姆。较长或较细的导线通常电阻较大。

Series circuit & parallel circuit | 串联电路 与 并联电路

In a series circuit, components are connected one after another, so there is only one loop. In a parallel circuit, components are on separate branches, each with its own path to the cell. ‘Series = one loop, parallel = many loops.’

串联电路中，元件依次连接，只有一条回路。并联电路中，元件位于不同支路上，各自有通路连到电池。“串联只有一个环，并联有许多路。”

Conductor & insulator | 导体 与 绝缘体

Conductors allow electricity to flow easily (e.g. metals); insulators do not (e.g. plastic, rubber). Copper is a common conductor.

导体容易让电流通过（如金属）；绝缘体不让电流通过（如塑料、橡胶）。铜是常见的导体。

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8. Interdependence and Adaptation | 相互依赖与适应

Ecosystem & habitat | 生态系统 与 栖息地

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their non-living environment. A habitat is the specific place where an organism lives within an ecosystem.

生态系统是生物群落与其非生物环境相互作用的体系。栖息地是生物在生态系统中生活的具体地点。

Producer | 生产者

Producers are organisms that make their own food using photosynthesis, like plants and algae. They start every food chain.

生产者是通过光合作用制造自己食物的生物，如植物和藻类。它们是每条食物链的起点。

Consumer | 消费者

Consumers cannot make their own food and must eat other organisms. Primary consumers eat producers; secondary consumers eat primary consumers.

消费者不能自己制造食物，必须吃其他生物。初级消费者吃生产者；次级消费者吃初级消费者。

Food chain & food web | 食物链 与 食物网

A food chain shows a single pathway of energy transfer from producer to top predator. A food web is a network of linked food chains. ‘Chain is one path, web is many.’

食物链显示能量从生产者到顶级捕食者的单一路径。食物网是相互连接的食物链网络。“链是一条线，网是一片网。”

Adaptation | 适应

An adaptation is a feature that helps an organism survive in its habitat. It can be structural (sharp claws), behavioural (hibernation) or physiological.

适应是帮助生物在其栖息地生存的特征，可以是结构性的（利爪）、行为性的（冬眠）或生理性的。

Predator & prey | 捕食者 与 猎物

A predator is an animal that hunts and eats other animals; prey is the animal that gets eaten. In a food chain, the arrow points from prey to predator.

捕食者是猎杀并吃掉其他动物的动物；猎物是被吃的动物。在食物链中，箭头从猎物指向捕食者。

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9. Reproduction and Development | 生殖与发育

Reproduction | 生殖

Reproduction is the biological process by which new individuals are produced. It can be sexual (involving two gametes) or asexual (one parent).

生殖是产生新个体的生物学过程，可分为有性生殖（需要两个配子）或无性生殖（一个亲本）。

Gamete | 配子

A gamete is a sex cell — sperm in males, egg (ovum) in females. Each gamete carries half the genetic information.

配子是性细胞——雄性为精子，雌性为卵细胞。每个配子携带一半的遗传信息。

Fertilisation | 受精

Fertilisation is the fusion of a sperm nucleus and an egg nucleus to form a fertilised egg (zygote). This is the start of a new individual.

受精是精子细胞核与卵细胞核融合形成受精卵（合子）的过程，这是新生命体的开端。

Foetus | 胎儿

After eight weeks of development, the embryo is called a foetus. The foetus grows inside the uterus and receives nutrients through the placenta.

发育八周后，胚胎称作胎儿。胎儿在子宫内发育，通过胎盘获得营养。

Adolescence & puberty | 青春期 与 发育期

Adolescence is the period of growing up from a child into an adult. Puberty is the stage when the body becomes capable of reproduction, triggered by hormones.

青春期是从孩童成长为成人的阶段。发育期是由激素触发的身体获得生殖能力的时期。

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10. Memorisation Hacks: Affixes and Roots | 记忆技巧：词根词缀

Many science words are built from Greek and Latin roots. Learning common prefixes and suffixes can help you decode unfamiliar terms instantly. Below is a handy reference table for quick review.

很多科学词汇由希腊语和拉丁语词根构成。学习常见的前缀后缀能帮你立刻解码陌生术语。下面是一张速查表。

Prefix/Suffix	Meaning	Example	中文含义
photo-	light	photosynthesis	光
micro-	small	microscope	微小
bio-	life	biology	生命
geo-	earth	geothermal	地球
hydro-	water	hydrochloric	水
thermo-	heat	thermal	热
-ology	study of	biology, geology	……学
-meter	measure	thermometer	计，表
-scope	look at	microscope, telescope	观察工具

How to use these roots | 如何使用这些词根

When you see an unfamiliar word like ‘thermometer’, break it down: thermo- (heat) + meter (measure) = a device to measure heat. Spotting these building blocks turns long, scary words into simple puzzles.

当你看到像“thermometer”这样的陌生词，把它拆开：thermo-（热） + meter（测量工具）= 测温仪器。认出这些积木块，长单词就从吓人变成简单拼图。

Visual and sound links | 视觉与声音联想

Create silly sentences that connect the word to its meaning: ‘Photosynthesis – a photo comes from light, synthesis means making, so making food with light.’ Or use Chinese homophones: ‘neutral’ sounds a bit like ‘new trail’ — a fresh start at 7.

编一些滑稽的句子把词语和意思绑在一起，比如：“酸(acid) 像是 ‘啊！吸的’——尝一点就会吸一口气。” 同样，中英谐音也能帮上忙：“friction” 可以想成“拂力可伸”——摩擦把力抵消掉。

Flashcard clustering | 单词卡聚合法

Group five terms on a card that belong to the same topic — for example, ‘cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole’ — and draw a plant cell with them. The story the card tells helps cement the vocabulary.

把同属一个主题的五六个术语写在一张卡上——比如“细胞壁、叶绿体、液泡”——并画上一个植物细胞。卡片讲述的故事能牢牢巩固词汇。

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11. Quick Self-Check Strategy | 自检快问策略

Cover one column of a bilingual glossary and try to recall the definition in the opposite language. Then swap. Do this for 5 minutes a day, and you will notice the words start to feel natural. Always say the word out loud — hearing yourself reinforces the memory.

遮住双语词汇表的一栏，尝试用另一种语言回忆定义，然后交换。每天五分钟，你会发现术语开始变得顺手。一定要大声读出来——听到自己的声音能进一步强化记忆。

The OCR Year 7 science vocabulary may look long, but with these mnemonic clusters and root-recognition tricks, you can turn it into a toolkit rather than a memory test. Keep this guide handy and revisit a short section before each lesson — the words will soon become part of your scientific thinking.

OCR Year 7 科学词汇看似繁多，但借助这些归类记忆法和词根识别术，你能把它变成趁手的工具，而不是死记硬背的负担。把这份指南放在手边，每次课前快速回顾一小节，这些术语很快就会变成你科学思维的一部分。

Published by TutorHao | Science Revision Series | aleveler.com

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