📚 Year 7 OCR Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Recall Guide | 7年级OCR西班牙语：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your quick recall guide for Year 7 OCR Spanish. This resource will help you memorise essential vocabulary and key grammatical terms through clear explanations, useful patterns, and simple memory tricks. Whether you are learning greetings, nouns, or verbs, each section breaks down the must-know language so you can read, write, speak, and listen with confidence. Use these pages to revise for assessments, complete homework, or build a strong foundation for the years ahead.
欢迎使用7年级OCR西班牙语词汇术语速记指南。本指南将通过清晰的解释、实用的规律和简单的记忆技巧，帮助你牢记核心词汇和关键语法术语。无论你正在学习问候语、名词还是动词，每一个部分都会拆解必备的语言知识，让你能够自信地阅读、写作、口语和听力。你可以用这些内容来准备测验、完成作业，或者为未来的学习打下扎实的基础。
1. Noun Gender & Articles | 名词性别与冠词
In Spanish, every noun has a gender: either masculine or feminine. This is a fundamental concept that affects articles, adjectives, and pronouns. Learning to spot gender quickly will save you from many mistakes.
在西班牙语中，每个名词都有性别：阳性或阴性。这是一个影响冠词、形容词和代词的基本概念。学会快速判断性别将使你避免许多错误。
Nouns ending in -o are almost always masculine, for example ‘el libro’ (the book). Nouns ending in -a are typically feminine, such as ‘la casa’ (the house). However, words ending in -ma, -ción, and -dad are often feminine, like ‘la lección’ and ‘la ciudad’, while some Greek-root words like ‘el problema’ are masculine.
以 -o 结尾的名词几乎总是阳性，例如 ‘el libro’（书）。以 -a 结尾的名词通常是阴性，例如 ‘la casa’（房子）。但是，以 -ma、-ción 和 -dad 结尾的词往往是阴性，如 ‘la lección’ 和 ‘la ciudad’，而一些希腊词根的单词，如 ‘el problema’，则是阳性。
The definite article means ‘the’ and must match in gender and number. The indefinite article means ‘a’ or ‘an’ and also agrees. Use the table below as a quick reference.
定冠词表示 ‘the’，必须在性和数上保持一致。不定冠词表示 ‘a’ 或 ‘an’，也需要一致。用下面的表格作为快速参考。
| Singular | Plural | |
| Masculine | el / un | los / unos |
| Feminine | la / una | las / unas |
Notice that ‘unos’ and ‘unas’ can mean ‘some’. For plural nouns, you usually add -s or -es: ‘libros’, ‘ciudades’. Always learn a noun together with its article to lock in the gender.
注意 ‘unos’ 和 ‘unas’ 可表示 ‘一些’。对于复数名词，通常在词尾加 -s 或 -es，如 ‘libros’、’ciudades’。请永远将名词和它的冠词一起学习，以牢牢掌握性别。
2. Adjective Agreement | 形容词一致
In Spanish, adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. Most adjectives change form, and they usually come after the noun. Mastering agreement will instantly improve the accuracy of your sentences.
在西班牙语中，形容词必须与它所修饰的名词在性和数上保持一致。大多数形容词会变化形式，并且通常放在名词之后。掌握一致性将立即提高你句子的准确性。
Adjectives ending in -o in their masculine singular form change to -a for feminine, add -s for plural masculine, and -as for plural feminine. For example, ‘un chico alto’ (a tall boy), ‘una chica alta’ (a tall girl), ‘unos chicos altos’, ‘unas chicas altas’.
以 -o 结尾的形容词在阳性单数形式变为阴性单数时改 -a，复数阳性加 -s，复数阴性加 -as。例如 ‘un chico alto’（一个高个子男孩）、’una chica alta’（一个高个子女孩）、’unos chicos altos’、’unas chicas altas’。
Adjectives ending in -e or a consonant often have the same form for masculine and feminine singular, but add -es for plural: ‘un examen difícil’ / ‘una clase difícil’ → ‘exámenes difíciles’, ‘clases difíciles’. Common examples are ‘interesante’, ‘grande’, ‘azul’.
以 -e 或辅音结尾的形容词在阳性和阴性单数中通常形式相同，但复数时加 -es：’un examen difícil’ / ‘una clase difícil’ → ‘exámenes difíciles’、’clases difíciles’。常见例子有 ‘interesante’、’grande’、’azul’。
Some nationalities and descriptive adjectives have a feminine form adding -a: ‘un profesor español’ → ‘una profesora española’. Remember that adjective placement can sometimes change meaning, but for beginners, after the noun is safest.
一些国籍和描述性形容词在阴性时加 -a：’un profesor español’ → ‘una profesora española’。记住形容词的位置有时会改变意义，但对初学者来说，放在名词后面是最稳妥的。
3. Subject Pronouns | 主格人称代词
Subject pronouns tell you who is performing the action. Spanish has formal and informal address, as well as masculine and feminine forms for ‘we’ and ‘they’. Getting them right early on will support all your verb work.
主格人称代词告诉你谁在执行动作。西班牙语有正式和非正式的称呼，’我们’ 和 ‘他们’ 还有阳性和阴性形式。尽早正确掌握它们将有助于你所有的动词学习。
The singular pronouns are: yo (I), tú (you, informal), él (he), ella (she), usted (you, formal). Notice that ‘usted’ uses the same verb form as ‘él/ella’ but means ‘you’ in a polite context.
单数代词有：yo（我）、tú（你，非正式）、él（他）、ella（她）、usted（您）。注意 ‘usted’ 使用与 ‘él/ella’ 相同的动词形式，但在礼貌语境中表示 ‘您’。
The plural pronouns are: nosotros (we, masculine or mixed), nosotras (we, feminine), vosotros (you plural informal, masculine), vosotras (you plural informal, feminine), ellos (they, masculine), ellas (they, feminine), ustedes (you plural formal). In Latin America, ‘vosotros’ is generally replaced by ‘ustedes’ even in informal situations.
复数代词有：nosotros（我们，阳性或混合群体）、nosotras（我们，阴性）、vosotros（你们，非正式复数，阳性）、vosotras（你们，非正式复数，阴性）、ellos（他们）、ellas（她们）、ustedes（诸位）。在拉丁美洲，即使在非正式场合，通常也用 ‘ustedes’ 代替 ‘vosotros’。
Quick chart for reference:
快速参考表：
| yo | nosotros/nosotras |
| tú | vosotros/vosotras |
| él/ella/usted | ellos/ellas/ustedes |
Pronouns are often omitted in Spanish because the verb ending usually indicates the subject, but they are used for emphasis or clarity.
西班牙语中代词经常被省略，因为动词词尾通常能表明主语，但在需要强调或明确时会使用。
4. Key Verbs: ser, tener & llamarse | 核心动词速记
Three verbs carry a huge workload at Year 7: ser (to be), tener (to have), and llamarse (to be called). Memorising their irregular forms early will allow you to describe yourself, express possession, and introduce people.
在7年级阶段，有三个动词的使用频率极高：ser（是）、tener（有）和 llamarse（名叫）。尽早记住它们的不规则形式，你就能描述自己、表达拥有和介绍他人。
Ser is used for permanent characteristics, identity, time, and origin. Its forms are: soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son. Think of the phrase ‘Soy un ser especial’ to recall ‘ser’. Examples: ‘Soy inglés’, ‘Eres inteligente’, ‘Son las dos’.
Ser 用于描述永久特征、身份、时间和来源。它的变化形式为：soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son。你可以借助短语 ‘Soy un ser especial’ 来记忆 ‘ser’。例句：’Soy inglés’（我是英国人），’Eres inteligente’（你很聪明），’Son las dos’（现在是两点）。
Tener expresses possession, age, and certain states. Forms: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen. Note the ‘teng-‘ stem in the first person singular. To remember, imagine a fork: ‘Tengo un tenedor’. Age is expressed as ‘Tengo doce años’ (I am twelve).
Tener 表示拥有、年龄和某些状态。变化形式为：tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen。注意第一人称单数词干为 ‘teng-‘。为帮助记忆，想象一把叉子：’Tengo un tenedor’。年龄表达为 ‘Tengo doce años’（我十二岁）。
Llamarse is a reflexive verb meaning ‘to call oneself’. Forms: me llamo, te llamas, se llama, nos llamamos, os llamáis, se llaman. Literally ‘I call myself …’ and used for introductions: ‘Me llamo Carlos’. The reflexive pronoun changes with the subject.
Llamarse 是一个反身动词，意为 ‘叫……名字’。形式为：me llamo, te llamas, se llama, nos llamamos, os llamáis, se llaman。字面意思是 ‘我称自己为……’，用于介绍：’Me llamo Carlos’。反身代词随主语变化。
5. Greetings & Introductions | 问候与介绍
Every conversation starts with a greeting. Learn these essential phrases and the typical replies, and you will be able to participate in basic social exchanges from your very first lesson.
每一次对话都从问候开始。学会这些基本短语和常见的回应，你就能从第一节课开始参与简单的社交交流。
Time-based greetings: ‘Buenos días’ (good morning), ‘Buenas tardes’ (good afternoon/evening), ‘Buenas noches’ (good night). These are used until around midday, sunset, and night respectively. The reply is usually the same phrase or a short ‘Hola’.
根据时间变化的问候：’Buenos días’（早上好）、’Buenas tardes’（下午好/晚上好）、’Buenas noches’（晚安）。这三个问候大致分别用在中午前、日落前和夜间。回答通常是重复同样的短语，或简单的一句 ‘Hola’。
How to ask and answer ‘How are you?’: ‘¿Cómo estás?’ (informal), ‘¿Cómo está?’ (formal). Answers: ‘Estoy bien, gracias’, ‘Muy bien’, ‘Así así’ (so-so), ‘Fatal’ (terrible). Always add ‘¿Y tú?’ or ‘¿Y usted?’ to return the question.
如何询问和回答 ‘你好吗？’：’¿Cómo estás?’（非正式），’¿Cómo está?’（正式）。回答：’Estoy bien, gracias’、’Muy bien’、’Así así’（马马虎虎）、’Fatal’（很糟糕）。一定要加上 ‘¿Y tú?’ 或 ‘¿Y usted?’ 来回问对方。
Introductions: ‘Me llamo …’, ‘Mucho gusto’ (pleased to meet you), ‘Encantado/a’. The formal introduction ‘Mucho gusto’ works for both genders; ‘Encantado’ changes to ‘Encantada’ if you identify as female.
介绍用语：’Me llamo …’（我叫……）、’Mucho gusto’（很高兴认识你）、’Encantado/a’（幸会）。’Mucho gusto’ 对男女都适用；’Encantado’ 如果是女性则需要改为 ‘Encantada’。
6. Numbers 1-31 & Age | 数字1-31与年龄
Numbers are vital for telling time, sharing your age, giving dates, and handling prices. Year 7 OCR expects you to be confident with numbers at least up to 31, so you can manage calendar dates.
数字对于表达时间、分享年龄、说明日期和处理价格至关重要。7年级OCR要求你至少熟练运用数字1至31，以便能够处理日历日期。
Learn the base numbers: 0-15: cero, uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez, once, doce, trece, catorce, quince. Then 16-19 are formed as dieciséis, diecisiete, dieciocho, diecinueve — literally ‘ten-six’, etc. Number 20 is veinte.
先学基本数字：0-15：cero, uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez, once, doce, trece, catorce, quince。然后16-19构成形式为 dieciséis, diecisiete, dieciocho, diecinueve——字面意思为 ‘十-六’ 等。数字20是 veinte。
From 21 to 29, combine veinti- plus the unit: veintiuno (21), veintidós (22), veintitrés (23), etc. Note the accent changes. For 31-99, use tens like treinta, cuarenta, and connect units with ‘y’: treinta y uno, cuarenta y dos.
从21到29，将 veinti- 与个位组合：veintiuno（21）、veintidós（22）、veintitrés（23）等。注意重音变化。对于31至99，使用整十数如 treinta、cuarenta，并用 ‘y’ 连接个位：treinta y uno、cuarenta y dos。
To ask and say age: ‘¿Cuántos años tienes?’ — ‘Tengo … años’. Remember that in Spanish you ‘have’ years, and the number uno shortens to ‘un’ before ‘año’: ‘Tengo un año’, but ‘Tengo veintiún años’. Important consideration for accuracy.
询问和表达年龄：’¿Cuántos años tienes?’ —— ‘Tengo … años’。记住西班牙语中你 ‘拥有’ 年龄，而数字 uno 在 ‘año’ 前会缩短为 ‘un’：’Tengo un año’，但是 ‘Tengo veintiún años’。注意这一点以确保准确。
7. Family & Descriptions | 家庭与描述
Talking about your family helps you practise possession, adjectives, and the verb ser. OCR Year 7 introduces core family members and descriptive adjectives so you can describe people’s appearance and character.
谈论家庭可以帮助你练习所有格、形容词和动词 ser。OCR 7年级引入核心家庭成员和描述性形容词，以便你能够描述人们的外貌和性格。
Family vocabulary: madre/padre (mother/father), hermano/hermana (brother/sister), abuelo/abuela (grandfather/grandmother), tío/tía (uncle/aunt), primo/prima (cousin). To say ‘my’, use ‘mi’ (singular) and ‘mis’ (plural): ‘mi hermano’, ‘mis padres’.
家庭词汇：madre/padre（母亲/父亲）、hermano/hermana（兄弟/姐妹）、abuelo/abuela（祖父/祖母）、tío/tía（叔叔/姑姑）、primo/prima（表兄弟/表姐妹）。表示 ‘我的’，单数用 ‘mi’，复数用 ‘mis’：’mi hermano’、’mis padres’。
Common appearance adjectives: alto/bajo (tall/short), guapo/guapa (handsome/pretty), feo/fea (ugly), moreno/morena (dark-haired/skinned), rubio/rubia (blonde), pelirrojo/pelirroja (red-haired). Personality: simpático/a, amable, divertido/a, serio/a, tímido/a.
常见外貌形容词：alto/bajo（高/矮）、guapo/guapa（英俊/漂亮）、feo/fea（丑的）、moreno/morena（深色头发/皮肤的）、rubio/rubia（金发的）、pelirrojo/pelirroja（红发的）。性格形容词：simpático/a（和蔼可亲的）、amable（友善的）、divertido/a（有趣的）、serio/a（严肃的）、tímido/a（害羞的）。
Structure sentences with ser + adjective: ‘Mi madre es alta y simpática.’ ‘Mis hermanos son divertidos.’ Notice how the adjective matches the noun in gender and number. You can also use ‘tengo’ to describe what you have: ‘Tengo una hermana menor.’
用 ser + 形容词造句：’Mi madre es alta y simpática.’ ‘Mis hermanos son divertidos.’ 注意形容词如何与名词在性和数上保持一致。你也可以使用 ‘tengo’ 来描述你所拥有的：’Tengo una hermana menor.’（我有一个妹妹）。
8. Colours & Clothing | 颜色与服装
Describing what you wear is a great way to combine colour adjectives with clothing nouns. The verb ‘llevar’ (to wear/carry) is used frequently, and colours must agree with the noun.
描述你穿什么是一个将颜色形容词与服装名词结合起来的好方法。动词 ‘llevar’（穿着/携带）被频繁使用，而颜色必须与名词保持一致。
Key colours: rojo, azul, verde, amarillo, blanco, negro, naranja, rosa, marrón, gris. Most colours change to match gender and number: ‘un vestido rojo’, ‘una camiseta roja’, ‘zapatos rojos’. Colours ending in -e or a consonant like ‘verde’ and ‘azul’ do not change for gender but add -s for plural: ‘faldas verdes’.
关键颜色：rojo（红）、azul（蓝）、verde（绿）、amarillo（黄）、blanco（白）、negro（黑）、naranja（橙）、rosa（粉红）、marrón（棕）、gris（灰）。大部分颜色要随性和数变化：’un vestido rojo’、’una camiseta roja’、’zapatos rojos’。以 -e 或辅音结尾的颜色，如 ‘verde’ 和 ‘azul’，在性别上不变，但复数加 -s：’faldas verdes’。
Clothing: camiseta (t-shirt), pantalones (trousers), falda (skirt), vestido (dress), chaqueta (jacket), zapatos (shoes), calcetines (socks), bufanda (scarf). ‘Llevo una camiseta azul y pantalones negros.’ Use indefinite articles (un/una/unos/unas) or possessive adjectives.
服装词汇：camiseta（T恤）、pantalones（裤子）、falda（裙子）、vestido（连衣裙）、chaqueta（夹克）、zapatos（鞋子）、calcetines（袜子）、bufanda（围巾）。’Llevo una camiseta azul y pantalones negros.’ 使用不定冠词 (un/una/unos/unas) 或物主形容词。
Remember ‘llevar’ is regular: llevo, llevas, lleva, llevamos, lleváis, llevan. To ask ‘What are you wearing?’ say ‘¿Qué llevas?’. This topic often appears in role-plays and presentations.
记住 ‘llevar’ 是规则动词：llevo, llevas, lleva, llevamos, lleváis, llevan。要问 ‘你穿着什么？’ 可以说 ‘¿Qué llevas?’。这个话题经常出现在角色扮演和演示中。
9. School Subjects & Objects | 学校科目与物品
School is a central topic for Year 7. You need to name subjects, talk about your timetable, and describe classroom objects. This vocabulary directly supports writing about your school day.
学校是7年级的中心话题。你需要说出科目名称，谈论你的课程表，并描述教室物品。这些词汇直接支持你书写学校生活。
Subjects: matemáticas, ciencias, historia, geografía, educación física (PE), arte, música, tecnología, informática, inglés, español. To say you study something, use ‘estudio’ or ‘hago’: ‘Estudio ciencias e inglés.’
科目：matemáticas（数学）、ciencias（科学）、historia（历史）、geografía（地理）、educación física（体育）、arte（美术）、música（音乐）、tecnología（技术）、informática（
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