Year 7 SQA Drama: Quick Reference Handbook | 英国七年级 SQA 戏剧：公式定理速查手册

📚 Year 7 SQA Drama: Quick Reference Handbook | 英国七年级 SQA 戏剧：公式定理速查手册

Welcome to your fast-track guide to the key terms, concepts and techniques you will meet in Year 7 SQA Drama. Think of this as your drama “formula sheet” – a one-stop collection of the building blocks you need to create, perform and talk about theatre. From stage directions to voice skills, from freeze frames to character hot-seating, every essential idea is clearly explained here in English and Chinese. Bookmark this page and use it whenever you need a quick reminder before a lesson, rehearsal or assessment.

欢迎来到七年级 SQA 戏剧课程的速查手册。这本手册就像是戏剧学科的“公式表”，汇总了你在创作、表演和讨论戏剧时需要用到的核心术语、概念和技巧。从舞台方位到声音技巧，从定格画面到角色坐针毡，每个重要的知识点都配有中英双语解释。请将本页加入书签，随时用它来温习功课、排练或准备评估。

1. Stage Directions & Areas | 舞台方位与区域

Stage directions are always given from the performer’s point of view when facing the audience. “Downstage” means towards the audience, “upstage” means away from the audience, “stage left” is the performer’s left, and “stage right” is the performer’s right. Centre stage is the strongest acting area because it naturally draws the audience’s attention. Knowing these terms helps you follow blocking instructions and move with confidence during a performance.

舞台方位始终是从面对观众的演员视角来描述的。“台前”指靠近观众的方向，“台后”指远离观众的方向，“舞台左侧”是演员自己的左手边，“舞台右侧”则是演员的右手边。舞台中央是最有力的表演区域，因为它自然吸引观众的目光。熟悉这些术语能帮助你理解走位指令，在演出中自信地移动。

• Downstage | 台前 – nearest the audience | 离观众最近
• Upstage | 台后 – farthest from the audience | 离观众最远
• Stage Left | 舞台左侧 – performer’s left | 演员的左手边
• Stage Right | 舞台右侧 – performer’s right | 演员的右手边
• Centre Stage | 舞台中央 – the power position | 最引人注目的位置

---

2. Freeze Frame & Still Image | 定格画面与静态造型

A freeze frame is like pressing pause on a moment of action. The performers hold completely still, using their bodies, facial expressions and levels to show a clear situation, relationship or emotion. This technique helps you capture the most important moment of a scene and makes the audience focus on exactly what each character is thinking and feeling. In SQA Drama you will often be asked to create a freeze frame as a starting point for devising or to deepen your understanding of a script.

定格画面就像按下暂停键，凝固某个动作瞬间。演员完全静止不动，通过身体形态、面部表情和空间高低层次，呈现清晰的情境、人物关系或情绪。这种技巧帮助你捕捉一场戏中最重要的时刻，让观众聚焦于每个角色所想所感。在 SQA 戏剧课程中，你常会被要求使用定格画面作为创作起点，或用来加深对剧本的理解。

When creating a freeze frame, think about body language, facial expression, levels (high, medium, low) and spatial relationships (who stands close to whom). You should be able to step out of your freeze frame and speak your character’s thoughts aloud — a related technique called thought-tracking.

创作定格画面时，要考虑肢体语言、面部表情、身体的高低层次（高、中、低）以及空间位置关系（谁靠近谁）。你还应当能够走出定格，大声说出角色的内心想法 —— 这是个相关技巧，叫作思路追踪。

---

3. Voice Skills | 声音技巧

Your voice is one of your most powerful tools as an actor. Changing how you speak can completely alter a character’s age, mood, status or personality. The six key voice skills you will practise in Year 7 are pitch, pace, volume, tone, accent and clarity of diction. You need to be able to use these deliberately and explain the effect they have on the audience.

声音是演员最强大的工具之一。改变说话方式能够完全改变角色的年龄、情绪、地位或性格。七年级需要练习的六项核心声音技巧是音调、语速、音量、语气、口音和吐字清晰度。你要有意识地运用这些技巧，并能解释它们对观众产生的效果。

Voice Skill | 声音技巧	Definition | 定义	Effect Example | 效果示例
Pitch | 音调	How high or low the voice sounds | 声音听起来的高低	A high pitch can show excitement; a low pitch can show authority | 高音调显示兴奋；低音调显示威严
Pace | 语速	How fast or slow the speech is delivered | 说话的快慢	Fast pace creates tension; slow pace adds seriousness | 快语速营造紧张感；慢语速增添庄重感
Volume | 音量	How loud or quiet the voice is | 声音的强弱	Loud volume can express anger; quiet volume draws the audience in | 大音量表现愤怒；轻声细语拉近观众
Tone | 语气	The emotional quality of the voice | 声音的情感色彩	A warm tone feels friendly; a sarcastic tone changes the meaning | 温暖的语气让人感觉友善；讽刺的语气改变语义
Accent | 口音	A distinct way of pronouncing words, often linked to a region | 特定地区的发音方式	An accent gives clues about a character’s background | 口音暗示角色的出身背景
Clarity | 清晰度	How clearly each syllable is pronounced | 每个音节的清晰程度	Clear diction ensures every word is understood | 清晰吐字确保每个词都被听清

---

4. Movement & Physical Skills | 动作与肢体技巧

Movement on stage tells the audience as much about a character as the words they speak. The main physical skills you will develop are posture, gesture, facial expression, gait (the way a character walks) and the use of levels and space. When combined with voice, these skills bring a fully realised character to life.

舞台上的动作和台词一样，能向观众传达丰富的角色信息。你需要掌握的主要肢体技巧包括体态、手势、面部表情、步态（角色的走路方式）以及对空间高低层次和空间利用的把握。这些技巧结合声音，就能塑造一个立体丰满的角色。

For example, a character who walks with a slow, heavy gait and hunched posture might suggest tiredness or sadness, whereas a character with quick, bouncy steps and an upright spine might seem confident and cheerful. Always think about what you want the audience to understand about your character and use your body to communicate it clearly.

比如，一个走路缓慢沉重、身体佝偻的角色可能暗示疲惫或悲伤，而一个步伐轻快跳跃、腰背挺直的角色则可能显得自信开朗。永远要思考你希望观众对角色有什么样的理解，并用肢体语言清晰地将它传达出来。

---

5. Characterisation & Role-Play | 角色塑造与角色扮演

Characterisation is the process of building a believable character from a script or your own imagination. In Year 7 you will use techniques like hot-seating, role-on-the-wall and thought-tracking to explore a character’s backstory, motivations and feelings. These strategies help you make strong acting choices and respond truthfully in improvised or scripted scenes.

角色塑造是根据剧本或自己的想象构建一个可信角色的过程。在七年级中，你将使用坐针毡、墙上角色和思路追踪等技巧来探索角色的过往、动机和感受。这些策略帮助你做出有力的表演选择，并在即兴或剧本场景中真实地做出反应。

• Hot-seating | 坐针毡 – One performer sits in role while others ask the character questions. The answers must be invented but stay true to the character. | 一名演员进入角色坐下，其他人向她/他提问。回答需要即兴创作但必须符合角色设定。
• Role-on-the-wall | 墙上角色 – Draw a simple outline of a figure on paper. Write the character’s external features on the outside and internal thoughts and feelings on the inside. | 在纸上画一个人形轮廓，外圈写角色的外在特征，内部写内心想法和感受。
• Thought-tracking | 思路追踪 – During a freeze frame, a performer speaks aloud what the character is thinking at that exact moment. | 在定格画面中，演员大声说出角色此时此刻的心理活动。

---

6. Drama Conventions & Structures | 戏剧惯例与结构

Drama conventions are agreed techniques that help shape a performance. The ones you will use most often include narration, split scene, slow motion, flashback and flashforward. Understanding these conventions helps you make creative choices when devising your own work and analysing the work of others.

戏剧惯例是帮助塑造表演效果的公认技巧。你最常接触的包括旁白叙述、分割场景、慢动作、闪回和闪前。理解这些惯例有助于你在创作自己的作品和分析他人作品时做出富有创意的选择。

A split scene, for example, lets you show two different locations happening at the same time on stage, often used to highlight contrast or to build tension. Slow motion can draw the audience’s attention to a key moment, like a dramatic accident or a moment of realisation. Always be ready to name the convention you are using and explain why you chose it for a particular effect.

例如，分割场景可以同时在舞台上展现不同地点发生的事情，常用于突出对比或营造紧张。慢动作可以将观众的注意力引向关键时刻，比如一场戏剧性的事故或某个顿悟的瞬间。随时准备好说出你使用的惯例，并解释选择它寻求何种效果。

---

7. Creating Tension & Atmosphere | 制造张力与氛围

Tension keeps the audience on the edge of their seats, while atmosphere sets the emotional mood of a scene. Year 7 actors learn to build tension through pace, pause, eye contact, spatial distance (proxemics) and silence. Often, what is left unsaid or a held look between characters is more powerful than pages of dialogue.

张力让观众紧张地坐在座位边缘，氛围则为场景定下情绪基调。七年级演员学习通过节奏、停顿、眼神交流、身体距离（空间关系学）和沉默来制造张力。很多时候，角色之间未说出口的话或一个凝固的对视，比长篇台词更有力量。

Atmosphere is created through the combined effect of lighting, sound, movement, and the actors’ energy. A slow, whispered opening with dim lighting immediately creates a mysterious or fearful atmosphere, while fast, loud energy with bright lights feels joyful. Practise using your voice and body to change the atmosphere, even when your lines stay the same.

氛围是通过灯光、音效、动作和演员能量的综合效果来营造的。缓慢低语式的开场配以昏暗灯光，立刻创造出神秘或恐怖的氛围；而快速响亮的表现和明亮灯光则传达欢乐。即使台词不变，练习用声音和肢体去改变场景氛围。

---

8. Staging Configurations | 舞台布局形式

The relationship between the performers and the audience changes depending on how the acting space is arranged. The four main staging configurations you need to know are proscenium arch, thrust, in-the-round and traverse. Each one affects your blocking, sightlines and the way the audience connect with the performance.

演员与观众的关系随着表演空间的安排方式而改变。你需要了解的四种主要舞台布局形式是镜框式舞台、伸出式舞台、圆形舞台和过道式舞台。每种形式都会影响你的走位、视线，以及观众与表演的互动方式。

Staging | 舞台形式	Description | 描述	Key Point for Performers | 表演要点
Proscenium Arch | 镜框式	Audience faces one side; a frame separates them from the stage | 观众仅看一面；画框将观众与舞台隔开	Strong use of centre stage; be aware of not turning your back too often | 善用舞台中央；避免过多背对观众
Thrust | 伸出式	Audience on three sides; the stage extends into the audience | 观众三面环坐；舞台伸入观众席	Keep sections of the audience included by angling your body | 通过调整身体角度兼顾不同方向的观众
In-the-round | 圆形舞台	Audience surrounds the whole acting area | 观众环绕整个表演区	Never block another actor from all sides; move rotationally | 切勿挡住其他演员；采用旋转式走位
Traverse | 过道式	Audience sits on two opposite sides, like a catwalk | 观众坐在两条长边，如同 T 台	Play to both sides equally; be careful with long sideways blocks | 均衡照顾两侧；避免长时间侧面遮挡

---

9. Lighting & Sound Terminology | 灯光与音效术语

Even if you do not operate the equipment yourself, understanding basic lighting and sound vocabulary helps you discuss the design elements of a production. A wash, for example, is a broad spread of light, while a spotlight is a tight, focused beam on one performer or area. When describing sound, think about diegetic sound (sounds the characters can hear, like a phone ringing) and non-diegetic sound (sounds only the audience hears, like dramatic background music).

即使你不亲自操作设备，了解基本的灯光和音效术语也有助于你讨论演出的设计元素。例如，普照光是广泛撒布的光，而聚光特写是集中照射一个演员或区域的窄光束。在描述音效时，要区分剧情声音（角色也能听到的声音，例如电话铃声）和非剧情声音（只有观众听到的声音，例如背景戏剧音乐）。

Other useful terms include blackout (sudden total darkness used to end a scene dramatically), cross-fade (one lighting or sound effect slowly replaces another), and underscoring (music played quietly under dialogue to shape mood). Practise spotting these elements when you watch live or recorded performances.

其他实用术语包括黑场（突然全黑，用以戏剧性地结束一幕）、交叉渐变（一项灯光或音效慢慢取代前一个）以及配乐衬底（台词下方轻柔播放的音乐，用来塑造情绪）。观看现场演出或录像时，练习辨认这些元素。

---

10. Responding to Drama & Evaluation | 戏剧评价与反思

A key part of the SQA Drama course is learning how to talk and write about performances — both your own and other people’s. A good evaluation uses specific drama vocabulary, describes what you saw or did, explains the intended effect, and suggests how the work could be improved. The “What went well” and “Even better if” structure is a helpful way to structure your thoughts.

SQA 戏剧课程的重要部分是学习如何讨论和书写表演评价，不论是自己的还是他人的演出。好的评价会使用具体的戏剧术语，描述所见所为，解释预期效果，并提出改进建议。“做得好的地方”加“若能……会更好”的结构，是一种整理思路的有效方式。

For example: “Our freeze frame clearly showed a family conflict. Every character’s facial expression matched the emotion, and using low level for the youngest child made them look vulnerable. Even better if we had held the stillness for two more seconds to let the tension settle.” Notice how the comment uses key terms and gives clear examples.

例如：“我们的定格画面清晰地展现了家庭冲突。每个角色的面部表情都与情绪相符，用低姿势表现最小的孩子，让他们显得更脆弱。如果还能多保持静止两秒，让张力沉淀下来，效果会更好。” 请注意，这段点评如何运用关键术语并给出具体例子。

When evaluating the work of others, always be kind, specific and constructive. Start by saying something positive, then offer one or two focused suggestions. This is not just good manners — it is an important skill for creative collaboration and will be practised throughout the year.

在评价他人作品时，始终要做到友善、具体且有建设性。先说某个优点，再提一两个有针对性的建议。这不仅仅是一种礼貌 —— 这是创造性合作的重要技能，整个学年中你都会不断练习它。

---

Published by TutorHao | Drama Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）