Year 7 SQA German: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | Year 7 SQA 德语：暑期预习与衔接课程

📚 Year 7 SQA German: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | Year 7 SQA 德语：暑期预习与衔接课程

Starting secondary school is an exciting adventure, and learning German can be one of the most rewarding parts of your Year 7 journey. This bridging course is designed to give you a head start over the summer, introducing key vocabulary, pronunciation and basic grammar that you will encounter in your first year of SQA German. By exploring everyday topics and cultural snippets, you will build confidence and arrive in class ready to communicate from day one.

进入中学是一段激动人心的新旅程，而学习德语可以成为你 Year 7 经历中最有收获的部分之一。这个衔接课程旨在让你的暑期有一个抢先起步，提前熟悉 SQA 德语第一年将会接触到的核心词汇、发音和基础语法。通过探索日常话题和文化片段，你将建立信心，走进课堂时就能从第一天开始开口交流。

1. Why Learn German: Opening Doors to Europe | 为什么学习德语：开启欧洲之门

German is the most widely spoken native language in Europe, used by over 100 million people in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein. It is a key language for science, engineering, music and philosophy. Learning German can help you understand the lyrics of Bach’s cantatas, read car magazines or even follow your favourite football team’s interviews. In SQA German, you will start with simple phrases and gradually unlock a whole new world of communication.

德语是欧洲使用最广泛的母语，在德国、奥地利、瑞士、卢森堡和列支敦士登有超过一亿人使用。它也是科学、工程、音乐和哲学领域的重要语言。学习德语能帮助你听懂巴赫康塔塔的歌词，读懂汽车杂志，甚至听懂你最爱足球队的采访。在 SQA 德语课程中，你会从最简单的短语开始，逐步开启一个全新的交流世界。

When you learn a new language, you also train your brain to think more flexibly. Studies show that bilingual and multilingual learners often develop stronger problem-solving skills and creativity. With German, you will notice many words that look like English – ‘Haus’ is house, ‘Maus’ is mouse, ‘Schule’ is school. These cognates make the first steps easier and more enjoyable.

学习一门新语言的同时，你也在锻炼大脑更灵活地思考。研究表明，双语或多语学习者往往能培养出更强的解决问题能力和创造力。在德语中，你会注意到很多单词与英语相似——’Haus’ 就是 house，’Maus’ 就是 mouse，’Schule’ 就是 school。这些同源词能让起步阶段变得更简单、更有趣。

2. The German Alphabet: Letters and Sounds | 德语字母表：字母与发音

The German alphabet has 26 letters just like English, but with four extra characters: ä, ö, ü and ß. Pronunciation is usually consistent once you learn the rules, which makes reading aloud much easier than in English. Pay special attention to the vowels with Umlaut and to the sharp ‘s’ sound of ß.

德语字母表与英语一样有 26 个字母，但多了四个特殊字符：ä, ö, ü 和 ß。一旦你掌握了发音规则，读音通常都很规律，这比英语朗读要容易得多。要特别注意带变音的元音以及 ß 的清脆 ‘s’ 音。

Letter / Char	Example	Approx. sound
ä	Mädchen (girl)	like ‘e’ in ‘bed’
ö	schön (beautiful)	like ‘i’ in ‘bird’ but rounded lips
ü	Tür (door)	say ‘ee’ then purse your lips
ß	Fuß (foot)	sharp ‘s’ as in ‘hiss’

Practice the alphabet by singing the German alphabet song which has the same melody as the English one but with slightly different letter names. For example, ‘A’ is pronounced ‘ah’, ‘B’ is ‘beh’, ‘C’ is ‘tseh’, and ‘Z’ is ‘tset’. Listen to audio clips or language apps to perfect your accent before Year 7 begins.

你可以跟着德文字母歌练习，它的旋律与英文版相同，只是字母名称略有不同。例如，’A’ 读作 ‘ah’，’B’ 读作 ‘beh’，’C’ 读作 ‘tseh’，’Z’ 读作 ‘tset’。在 Year 7 开始前，听听音频片段或使用语言应用来完善你的口音。

3. Greetings and Introductions: Hallo! Wie geht’s? | 问候与介绍：你好！你好吗？

Your first conversation in German will revolve around greeting people and saying your name. These phrases are the building blocks of everyday politeness. Start with ‘Hallo’ (Hello) or ‘Guten Tag’ (Good day), then move on to ‘Ich heiße …’ (My name is …).

你的第一次德语对话会围绕问候和说出自己的名字展开。这些短语是日常礼貌的基石。从 ‘Hallo’（你好）或 ‘Guten Tag’（你好/日安）开始，再学习 ‘Ich heiße …’（我的名字是……）。

Hallo! Ich heiße Ben. Wie heißt du?

你好！我叫本。你叫什么名字？

To ask how someone is, you can use ‘Wie geht’s?’ (How’s it going?) or ‘Wie geht es dir?’ (How are you?). Answers include ‘Mir geht’s gut’ (I’m fine), ‘So lala’ (so-so) and ‘Nicht so gut’ (not so good). Don’t forget to say ‘Tschüss’ (Bye) or ‘Auf Wiedersehen’ (Goodbye) when you leave.

要问别人怎么样，你可以用 ‘Wie geht’s?’（怎么样？）或者 ‘Wie geht es dir?’（你好吗？）。回答可以有 ‘Mir geht’s gut’（我很好）、’So lala’（马马虎虎）和 ‘Nicht so gut’（不太好）。离开时别忘了说 ‘Tschüss’（再见）或 ‘Auf Wiedersehen’（再见/正式）。

Guten Morgen – Good morning
Guten Morgen – 早上好
Guten Abend – Good evening
Guten Abend – 晚上好
Bis bald – See you soon
Bis bald – 回头见

4. Numbers and Counting: Eins, Zwei, Drei! | 数字与计数：一、二、三！

Numbers are essential for giving your age, telling the time and saying the date. German numbers from 0 to 12 are unique and need to be memorised first. After that, 13 to 19 follow a simple pattern of adding ‘-zehn’ to the unit. Counting becomes a fun rhythm.

数字对表达年龄、时间和日期至关重要。德语的 0 到 12 是独特词形，需要先记住。从 13 到 19 则遵循将个位数加上 ‘-zehn’ 的简单规则。数数会变成一种有趣的节奏。

0 null	1 eins	2 zwei	3 drei	4 vier
5 fünf	6 sechs	7 sieben	8 acht	9 neun
10 zehn	11 elf	12 zwölf	13 dreizehn	14 vierzehn
15 fünfzehn	16 sechzehn	17 siebzehn	18 achtzehn	19 neunzehn
20 zwanzig

To say your age, use ‘Ich bin … Jahre alt’ (I am … years old). To ask someone’s age, say ‘Wie alt bist du?’. You can practice by counting objects around the house, like ‘zwei Stühle’ (two chairs) or ‘fünf Bücher’ (five books). The more you say numbers aloud, the more natural they will feel.

要表达年龄，用 ‘Ich bin … Jahre alt’（我……岁）。问别人年龄时说 ‘Wie alt bist du?’。你可以通过数家里的物品来练习，比如 ‘zwei Stühle’（两把椅子）或 ‘fünf Bücher’（五本书）。大声念数字的次数越多，感觉就越自然。

5. Days, Months and Seasons: Wann? | 星期、月份和季节：何时？

Talking about dates and planning activities requires the days of the week and months of the year. German days are mostly easy to recognise: Montag (Monday), Dienstag (Tuesday), Mittwoch (Wednesday – literally ‘mid-week’), Donnerstag (Thursday), Freitag (Friday), Samstag (Saturday) and Sonntag (Sunday). Notice that all days are masculine in German and start with a capital letter.

谈论日期和安排活动需要用到星期和月份。德语的星期大多容易辨认：Montag（周一）、Dienstag（周二）、Mittwoch（周三，字面意思是“周中”）、Donnerstag（周四）、Freitag（周五）、Samstag（周六）和 Sonntag（周日）。注意所有星期在德语中都是阳性名词，且首字母大写。

Months are also similar to English: Januar, Februar, März, April, Mai, Juni, Juli, August, September, Oktober, November, Dezember. The seasons – die Jahreszeiten – are Frühling (spring), Sommer (summer), Herbst (autumn) and Winter (winter). Use ‘Im’ with seasons, e.g. ‘Im Sommer schwimme ich gern’ (In summer I like swimming).

月份也和英语相似：Januar, Februar, März, April, Mai, Juni, Juli, August, September, Oktober, November, Dezember。季节——die Jahreszeiten——分别是 Frühling（春）、Sommer（夏）、Herbst（秋）和 Winter（冬）。与季节搭配使用 ‘Im’，例如 ‘Im Sommer schwimme ich gern’（夏天我喜欢游泳）。

Heute ist Montag, der dritte Juli.

今天是周一，七月三日。

6. Classroom Essentials: Was ist das? | 课堂必备词汇：这是什么？

When you enter the German classroom, you will need to understand basic instructions and name the objects around you. Common classroom items include: der Tisch (table), der Stuhl (chair), die Tür (door), das Fenster (window), die Tafel (board), der Kuli (pen), das Heft (exercise book) and das Buch (book).

当你走进德语课堂，你需要听懂基本的课堂指令并说出身边物品的名称。常见教室物品有：der Tisch（桌子）、der Stuhl（椅子）、die Tür（门）、das Fenster（窗户）、die Tafel（黑板）、der Kuli（圆珠笔）、das Heft（练习本）和 das Buch（书）。

Each noun has a gender: der (masculine), die (feminine) or das (neuter). It is very helpful to learn the article together with the noun right from the start, for example ‘der Bleistift’ (pencil), ‘die Schere’ (scissors), ‘das Lineal’ (ruler). Ask ‘Was ist das?’ (What is that?) and answer ‘Das ist ein/eine …’.

每个名词都有一个词性：der（阳）、die（阴）或 das（中）。从一开始就把冠词和名词一起记住非常有用，比如 ‘der Bleistift’（铅笔）、’die Schere’（剪刀）、’das Lineal’（尺子）。问 ‘Was ist das?’（那是什么？）并回答 ‘Das ist ein/eine …’。

Your teacher will often use phrases like ‘Hört zu!’ (Listen!), ‘Macht das Buch auf!’ (Open the book!), ‘Schreibt!’ (Write!) and ‘Meldet euch!’ (Put your hands up!). Learning these instructions over the summer will help you feel much more comfortable when the lessons begin.

老师经常会使用诸如 ‘Hört zu!’（听！）、’Macht das Buch auf!’（打开书！）、’Schreibt!’（写！）和 ‘Meldet euch!’（举手！）等指令。在暑假学会这些指令会让你在开课时感觉自在了许多。

7. The Verbs ‘sein’ and ‘haben’: To Be and To Have | 动词“sein”和“haben”：是和有

Two of the most important verbs in German are ‘sein’ (to be) and ‘haben’ (to have). They are irregular, which means their forms do not follow a standard pattern, so they need to be practised carefully. Start by learning the present tense for ‘ich’ (I) and ‘du’ (you, singular informal).

德语中最重要的两个动词是 ‘sein’（是）和 ‘haben’（有）。它们是不规则动词，意味着其变化不遵循标准模式，因此需要仔细练习。先从 ‘ich’（我）和 ‘du’（你，单数非正式）的现在时形式学起。

ich bin – I am / du bist – you are / er/sie/es ist – he/she/it is

ich bin – 我是 / du bist – 你是 / er/sie/es ist – 他/她/它是

ich habe – I have / du hast – you have / er/sie/es hat – he/she/it has

ich habe – 我有 / du hast – 你有 / er/sie/es hat – 他/她/它有

You can combine ‘haben’ with family words to introduce people: ‘Ich habe einen Bruder’ (I have a brother), ‘Sie hat eine Schwester’ (She has a sister). With ‘sein’, you can describe feelings and states: ‘Ich bin müde’ (I am tired), ‘Er ist freundlich’ (He is friendly). Write five sentences about yourself using both verbs.

你可以把 ‘haben’ 与家庭词汇结合来介绍人：’Ich habe einen Bruder’（我有一个哥哥/弟弟），’Sie hat eine Schwester’（她有一个姐姐/妹妹）。使用 ‘sein’ 可以描述感受和状态：’Ich bin müde’（我累了），’Er ist freundlich’（他很友善）。用这两个动词写五个关于你自己的句子。

8. Building Simple Sentences: Word Order | 构建简单句子：语序

German word order follows a few key rules that are different from English. In a simple statement, the verb is the second idea. This means you can start the sentence with the subject or with something else, but the conjugated verb must stay in the second position. This is known as the V2 rule.

德语的语序遵循几条与英语不同的关键规则。在简单陈述句中，动词是第二个成分。这意味着你可以用主语开头，也可以用其他成分开头，但变位动词必须留在第二位。这就是所谓的 V2 规则。

Ich spiele am Wochenende Fußball. – Am Wochenende spiele ich Fußball.

我周末踢足球。——周末我踢足球。

Notice that ‘spiele’ (play) remains the second element in both sentences. When you use a question word like ‘wo’ (where), the verb comes right after it: ‘Wo wohnst du?’ (Where do you live?). For yes/no questions, the verb comes first: ‘Magst du Pizza?’ (Do you like pizza?). Practice swapping the beginning of sentences while keeping the verb second.

注意 ‘spiele’（玩/踢）在两个句子中都是第二个成分。当你使用像 ‘wo’（哪里）这样的疑问词时，动词紧跟其后：’Wo wohnst du?’（你住在哪里？）。对于一般疑问句，动词放句首：’Magst du Pizza?’（你喜欢披萨吗？）。练习交换句子的开头，同时保持动词在第二位。

9. Asking Questions: Wer? Wo? Wann? | 提问：谁？哪里？何时？

Asking questions is a superpower because it keeps conversations going and helps you get information. The main question words are: Wer? (Who?), Wo? (Where?), Wann? (When?), Warum? (Why?), Wie? (How?) and Was? (What?).

提问是一种超能力，因为它能让对话继续下去，并帮你获取信息。主要的疑问词有：Wer?（谁？）、Wo?（哪里？）、Wann?（何时？）、Warum?（为什么？）、Wie?（怎样？）和 Was?（什么？）。

Wer ist das? – Who is that? / 那是谁？
Wo ist die Bibliothek? – Where is the library? / 图书馆在哪里？
Wann beginnt der Film? – When does the film start? / 电影什么时候开始？
Warum lernst du Deutsch? – Why are you learning German? / 你为什么学德语？
Wie heißt deine Mutter? – What is your mother’s name? / 你妈妈叫什么名字？
Was ist dein Lieblingsfach? – What is your favourite subject? / 你最喜欢的科目是什么？

A useful structure for Year 7 is ‘Gibt es …?’ (Is there / Are there …?) to ask about existence: ‘Gibt es einen Park in der Nähe?’ (Is there a park nearby?). You will also hear ‘Kannst du …?’ (Can you …?) frequently in class. Create small dialogues with a partner where you ask and answer at least three different questions.

在 Year 7 很实用的一个结构是 ‘Gibt es …?’（有……吗？），用来询问是否存在：’Gibt es einen Park in der Nähe?’（附近有公园吗？）。在课堂上你还会经常听到 ‘Kannst du …?’（你能……吗？）。和搭档一起编一个至少包含三个不同提问和回答的小对话。

10. German-Speaking Culture: Traditions and Fun Facts | 德语文化：传统与趣闻

Learning a language is far more enjoyable when you explore the culture behind it. Germany is famous for its bread varieties – over 3000 types – and its love of punctuality. In Austria, you can hear ‘Servus’ as an informal greeting, and in Switzerland people say ‘Grüezi’. Understanding these small differences makes you a more open-minded global citizen.

当你探索语言背后的文化时，学习会变得更加快乐。德国以其面包种类——超过3000种——和对守时的热爱而闻名。在奥地利，你可以听到 ‘Servus’ 作为一种非正式问候，而在瑞士人们会说 ‘Grüezi’。了解这些小小的差异会让你成为一个更开放的全球公民。

Traditions like the colourful Karneval (carnival), Christmas markets and an Easter egg tree (Osterbaum) are fascinating topics you may encounter in Year 7. Watching simple German cartoons or listening to pop songs by artists like Namika or Mark Forster can tune your ear to the language’s melody.

像热闹的 Karneval（狂欢节）、圣诞市场和复活节彩蛋树（Osterbaum）这样的传统，是你在 Year 7 可能接触到的话题。看一些简单的德语动画片，或者听像 Namika 或 Mark Forster 等艺人的流行歌曲，能让你的耳朵适应这种语言的旋律。

Remember that German is also spoken in parts of Namibia, Brazil and small communities worldwide. By learning German, you are joining a global family of speakers who share a rich literary and scientific heritage.

请记住，德语在纳米比亚、巴西的部分地区以及世界各地的社群中也有人使用。通过学习德语，你正在加入一个拥有丰富文学和科学遗产的全球说话者大家庭。

11. Summer Learning Strategies: Games and Apps | 暑期学习策略：游戏与应用

You do not need a textbook to improve your German over the holidays. Use free apps like Duolingo or Memrise for bite-sized daily practice. Set a goal of just 10 minutes a day, and you will be amazed at how quickly the phrases stick. Write sticky notes with German words and label objects in your room: ‘der Spiegel’ on the mirror, ‘die Lampe’ on the lamp.

假期里你不需要一本教材来提高德语。使用像 Duolingo 或 Memrise 这样的免费应用，每天进行小块练习。设定每天只需10分钟的目标，你会惊讶于短语掌握得如此之快。写一些德语单词的便利贴，贴在你房间的物品上：镜子上贴 ‘der Spiegel’，灯上贴 ‘die Lampe’。

Play ‘Simon sagt’ (Simon says) with family members to practice commands.
和家人玩 ‘Simon sagt’（西蒙说）来练习指令。
Make a bingo card with numbers and call them out in German.
制作一张数字宾果卡，并用德语报数。
Watch 5-minute clips of ‘Löwenzahn’ or ‘Die Sendung mit der Maus’ on YouTube.
在 YouTube 上观看五分钟左右一集的 ‘Löwenzahn’ 或 ‘Die Sendung mit der Maus’。
Keep a language diary: write the date and two sentences about your day in German.
写语言日记：用德语写下日期和你今天的两件事。

Consistency matters more than perfection. Even if you make mistakes, your brain is building new connections. Celebrate small wins, like completing a full round of greetings without glancing at your notes.

坚持比完美更重要。即使你犯了错，你的大脑也在建立新的连接。庆祝小小的胜利，比如不偷看笔记就完成一整轮问候。

12. Bridging to Year 7: What to Expect | 衔接 Year 7：期待什么

When you walk into your first SQA German lesson, the teacher will likely begin with revision of basic greetings and checking prior knowledge. Because you have practised over the summer, you will be able to answer ‘Ich heiße …’ and ‘Mir geht’s gut’ with a smile. The course usually covers personal information, family, school, hobbies, food and town over the academic year.

当你走进第一节 SQA 德语课时，老师很可能从复习基本问候和了解已有知识开始。因为你已经在暑假练习过，你将能面带微笑地回答 ‘Ich heiße …’ 和 ‘Mir geht’s gut’。这一学年的课程通常涵盖个人信息、家庭、学校、爱好、食物和城镇等话题。

Teachers will also introduce phonics and dictation in the early weeks. Don’t worry if you cannot spell perfectly immediately; the focus is on communication and understanding. You will work in pairs, perform role-plays and maybe even record a short video introducing yourself. By preparing now, you reduce anxiety and set a positive tone for the whole year.

在最初几周，老师还会引入语音和听写。如果一开始拼写不完美也别担心；重点是交流与理解。你们会两人一组活动，进行角色扮演，甚至可能录制一段自我介绍的小视频。现在做好准备，就能减少焦虑，为一整年定下积极的基调。

Think of this bridging course as your personal springboard. Review the sections you found challenging, and keep adding to your vocabulary list. When September comes, you will already have a solid foundation and the confidence to enjoy learning one of Europe’s key languages.

把这个衔接课程看作你的个人跳板。复习你觉得有挑战的章节，并不断往你的词汇表里增加新词。当九月来临时，你已拥有扎实的基础和信心，去享受学习这门欧洲重要语言的过程。

Published by TutorHao | German Revision Series | aleveler.com

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Year 7 SQA German: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | Year 7 SQA 德语：暑期预习与衔接课程