Year 7 SQA Philosophy: A Quick Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | 七年级 SQA 哲学：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 SQA Philosophy: A Quick Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | 七年级 SQA 哲学：词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to your essential vocabulary guide for Year 7 SQA Philosophy. Philosophy is full of special words that can seem tricky at first, but once you learn their meanings and a few clever memory tricks, you will soon be thinking like a true philosopher. This guide introduces the most important terms you need to know, with clear explanations in English and Chinese, plus mnemonics and tips to help you remember them fast.

欢迎来到七年级 SQA 哲学的必备词汇指南。哲学里充满了乍看起来颇为难记的特殊词汇，可一旦你掌握了它们的含义和一些巧妙的记忆技巧，你很快就能像真正的哲学家一样思考。本指南为你介绍需要掌握的最重要术语，配有清晰的中英文解释，以及助记符和小窍门，帮助你快速记住它们。

1. What is Philosophy? | 什么是哲学？

The word ‘philosophy’ comes from the Greek philosophia, meaning ‘love of wisdom’. Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language. It encourages us to think critically and argue logically. The main branches are Metaphysics (reality), Epistemology (knowledge), Ethics (right and wrong), Logic (reasoning) and Aesthetics (beauty). Use the mnemonic ‘MEELA’ to keep them in order.

“哲学”一词源自古希腊语 philosophia，意思是”热爱智慧”。哲学是对存在、知识、价值、理性、心灵和语言的根本问题的研究。它鼓励我们批判性思考并进行逻辑论证。主要分支包括形而上学（实在）、认识论（知识）、伦理学（对与错）、逻辑（推理）和美学（美）。可以用”MEELA”这个助记符来排序记忆。

2. Metaphysics: Being and Reality | 形而上学：存在与实在

Metaphysics investigates the basic structure of reality. It asks questions like ‘What is there?’ and ‘What is the nature of objects?’ Think of it as the ‘big picture’ branch of philosophy. Important terms include ontology, substance, materialism, idealism and dualism.

形而上学研究实在的基本结构，提出”存在什么？”以及”物体的本质是什么？”等问题。可以把它看作哲学的”全景画面”分支。重要的术语包括本体论、实体、唯物主义、唯心主义和二元论。

Ontology is the study of being and existence. For example, do numbers exist? Does justice exist independently of human minds? Remember: ‘onto-‘ means being.

本体论研究存在与存有。例如，数字存在吗？正义独立于人类心灵而存在吗？记住：”onto-” 意为”存在”。

Substance is what philosophers call the fundamental ‘stuff’ that needs nothing else to exist. Aristotle thought substance was the underlying reality behind all properties.

实体是哲学家用来指称无需其他东西便可存在的根本”东西”。亚里士多德认为实体是一切属性背后的潜在实在。

Materialism (Physicalism) says only physical things exist. Consciousness and thoughts can be explained by brain processes. The word ‘material’ helps you remember: everything is made of material.

唯物主义（物理主义）主张只有物理事物存在。意识和思想都可以用大脑过程来解释。”material”（物质）一词有助于记忆：一切皆由物质构成。

Idealism argues that reality is fundamentally mental. Berkeley said that to be is to be perceived. Link ‘idea’ to idealism: reality is made of ideas.

唯心主义认为实在是根本上的精神性的。贝克莱说，存在即被感知。把”idea”（观念）和 idealism 联系起来：实在是由观念构成的。

Dualism is the view that mind and matter are two completely different substances. Descartes famously held this view. Think ‘dual’ = two.

二元论认为心灵和物质是两种完全不同的实体。笛卡尔就以持这种观点而闻名。想想 “dual”（双重的）就是二。

3. Epistemology: Knowledge and Belief | 认识论：知识与信念

Epistemology is the theory of knowledge. It explores what knowledge is, how we acquire it, and how we can tell the difference between simply believing something and truly knowing it. The classic definition is ‘justified true belief’, though philosophers still debate this.

认识论是知识论。它探讨什么是知识、我们如何获取知识，以及如何区分单纯的信念和真知。经典的定义是”确证的真信念”，尽管哲学家们仍在争论。

A priori knowledge is independent of experience, like ‘All bachelors are unmarried’. The Latin means ‘from the earlier’, so think of knowledge you have before experiencing the world.

先天知识是独立于经验的知识，如”所有单身汉都未婚”。拉丁语意为”从先前的”，因此可以想象为你在经验世界之前就拥有的知识。

A posteriori knowledge depends on experience, such as ‘The sky is blue’. ‘Posterior’ means ‘after’, so knowledge comes after observation.

后天知识依赖于经验，如”天空是蓝色的”。’posterior’ 意为”之后的”，因此知识来自观察之后。

Empiricism claims that all knowledge originates in sensory experience. John Locke described the mind as a blank slate (tabula rasa). Remember ’empirical’ evidence.

经验主义声称所有知识都源自感官经验。洛克将心灵比作白板 (tabula rasa)。记住”empirical”（经验的）证据。

Rationalism argues that reason is the primary source of knowledge. Descartes started from ‘I think, therefore I am’. Think of ‘ratio’ = reason.

理性主义主张理性是知识的主要来源。笛卡尔从”我思故我在”出发

Published by TutorHao | Year 7 哲学 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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