📚 Year 7 SQA Psychology: Unit Test Mock Exam Analysis | 7年级SQA心理学：单元测试模拟卷解析
This article provides a complete walk-through of a mock unit test for Year 7 SQA Psychology, designed to reflect the style and content of CfE Social Studies: People in Society. The analysis breaks down each question, explains the correct answers, and highlights common misconceptions so you can revise with confidence. Use this as a self-check before your actual assessment.
本文为7年级SQA心理学单元测试模拟卷的完整解析，模拟了苏格兰卓越课程（CfE）社会研究“人与社会”领域的真实题型。文章将对每一道题目进行拆解，讲解正确选项，并指出常见误区，帮助你安心备考。你可以将本文作为正式评估前的自测工具。
1. Mock Test Overview | 模拟卷概览
The mock test is divided into two sections. Section A contains five multiple-choice questions, each worth 1 mark. Section B contains two short-answer questions, each worth 4 marks. The total mark is 13, and the suggested time is 25 minutes. The topics covered include: defining psychology, aims of psychological research, research methods (observation and experiment), the multi-store model of memory, attachment types, and functions of non-verbal communication.
这套模拟卷分为两部分。A部分是5道选择题，每题1分。B部分是2道简答题，每题4分。总分13分，建议用时25分钟。考查的主题包括：心理学的定义、心理学研究的目标、研究方法（观察法与实验法）、记忆的多重存储模型、依恋类型以及非言语交流的功能。
2. Q1: Defining Psychology | 题目1：心理学的定义
Question: Which of the following best describes psychology? A. The study of the brain’s structure only. B. The scientific study of mind and behaviour. C. The treatment of mental illness. D. The analysis of people’s dreams.
The correct answer is B. Psychology is defined as the scientific study of both mental processes (the mind) and observable actions (behaviour). It uses systematic methods to gather evidence, unlike everyday opinions or mere speculation.
正确答案是B。心理学被定义为对心理过程（思维）和可观察的行为进行的科学研究。它采用系统的方法收集证据，与日常看法或纯粹的推测截然不同。
Option A is too narrow because psychology examines more than just brain anatomy; it includes cognition, emotion, and social interaction. Option C confuses psychology with one of its applied fields, clinical psychology, but the discipline itself is much broader. Option D is a popular myth; while some psychologists study dreams, it is not the definition of the whole field.
选项A范围过窄，因为心理学不仅研究大脑结构，还包括认知、情感和社会互动。选项C将心理学与其应用领域之一（临床心理学）混淆，但学科本身远不止于此。选项D是一个常见的误解；尽管有些心理学家研究梦境，但这并不能定义整个学科。
3. Q2: Aims of Psychological Research | 题目2：心理学研究的目标
Question: Researchers want to understand why some students remember information better when they study in short bursts. Which research aim is being addressed first? A. Control. B. Prediction. C. Understanding. D. Change.
The correct answer is C. The initial aim here is to understand the phenomenon—explaining why something happens. Before psychologists can predict or change behaviour, they must first describe and understand it.
正确答案是C。这里最初的目标是“理解”这一现象——解释为什么会发生。在心理学家预测或改变行为之前，他们必须先描述并理解它。
Aim A (Control) involves manipulating conditions to manage behaviour. Aim B (Prediction) is about forecasting when behaviour will occur, which comes after understanding the cause. Aim D (Change) is an applied goal, often the final step. The question uses the phrase ‘want to understand why’, making ‘Understanding’ the direct match.
目标A（控制）涉及操控条件以管理行为。目标B（预测）是在理解了原因之后，预测行为何时发生。目标D（改变）是应用目标，通常是最后一步。题目中使用了“想理解为什么”这一表述，因此“理解”是最直接的匹配。
4. Q3: Naturalistic Observation | 题目3：自然观察法
Question: A psychologist watches how children play in a school playground without interfering. Which research method is being used? A. Laboratory experiment. B. Interview. C. Naturalistic observation. D. Case study.
The correct answer is C. Naturalistic observation involves watching and recording behaviour in its natural environment without manipulation. The phrase ‘without interfering’ is a key clue.
正确答案是C。自然观察法是指在自然环境中不进行任何干预的情况下观察并记录行为。“不进行干预”是一个关键线索。
A laboratory experiment (A) takes place in an artificial, controlled setting. An interview (B) involves asking direct questions. A case study (D) is an in-depth investigation of a single individual or group. The description of watching behaviour ‘in a school playground’ clearly matches naturalistic observation.
实验室实验（A）是在人为控制的环境中进行。访谈（B）涉及直接提问。个案研究（D）是对单一个体或群体的深入调查。在“学校操场”观察行为的描述显然符合自然观察法。
5. Q4: Dependent Variable in an Experiment | 题目4：实验中的因变量
Question: A researcher investigates whether background music affects concentration. Participants complete a puzzle in silence or with music, and their score is recorded. What is the dependent variable? A. The type of puzzle. B. The presence of music. C. The score on the puzzle. D. The time of day.
The correct answer is C. The dependent variable (DV) is what the researcher measures; it is the outcome that may be affected by the independent variable (IV). Here, concentration is operationalised as the score on the puzzle, so the score is measured.
正确答案是C。因变量（DV）是研究者测量的内容；它是可能受到自变量（IV）影响的结果。在这里，注意力被操作化为拼图得分，因此得分是被测量的变量。
The independent variable is what the researcher manipulates. In this experiment, the researcher changes the presence of music (B), making it the IV. The type of puzzle (A) and time of day (D) might be controlled variables, but they are not being measured as the outcome. Always ask: ‘What data am I recording?’ to find the DV.
自变量是研究者操控的因素。在这个实验中，研究者改变的是背景音乐的有无（选项B），因此它是IV。拼图类型（A）和一天中的时段（D）可能是控制变量，但它们并非被测量的结果。要找到DV，请问自己：“我正在记录什么数据？”
6. Q5: Multi-Store Model of Memory | 题目5：记忆的多重存储模型
Question: According to the multi-store model, information moves from short-term memory to long-term memory through which process? A. Attention. B. Retrieval. C. Rehearsal. D. Encoding.
The correct answer is C. Rehearsal, particularly elaborative rehearsal, is the process that transfers information from short-term memory (STM) to long-term memory (LTM) in the Atkinson-Shiffrin model. Simple repetition keeps information active in STM and promotes storage in LTM.
正确答案是C。在Atkinson-Shiffrin模型中，复述（尤其是精细复述）是将信息从短时记忆（STM）转移到长时记忆（LTM）的过程。简单的重复能使信息在STM中保持活跃，并促进其储存到LTM。
Attention (A) is needed to move information from sensory memory to STM. Retrieval (B) involves accessing stored information from LTM back to STM for use. Encoding (D) is the initial transformation of information into a form memory can accept, which occurs at all stages. The question specifically asks about the transfer from STM to LTM, making rehearsal the key process.
注意（A）是将信息从感觉记忆转移到STM所必需的。提取（B）涉及从LTM中获取储存的信息并回到STM中使用。编码（D）是将信息转化为记忆可以接受的形式的初始过程，这在各个阶段都会发生。题目明确问的是从STM到LTM的转移，因此复述是关键过程。
7. Section B, Q1: Attachment Types | 简答题1：依恋类型
Question: Describe how Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure identifies a secure attachment and an insecure-avoidant attachment. Use examples in your answer. (4 marks)
To gain full marks, you should describe the key behaviours of each attachment type. For secure attachment, the child uses the caregiver as a safe base, shows distress when the caregiver leaves, and seeks comfort upon reunion.
要获得满分，你需要描述每种依恋类型的关键行为。对于安全型依恋，孩子把照看者当作安全基地，照看者离开时会表现出痛苦，重聚时会寻求安慰。
Example: ‘A securely attached infant explores the room freely while the caregiver is present, cries when the caregiver exits, and is easily soothed when they return. This shows trust in the caregiver’s availability.’
示例：“安全型依恋的婴儿在照看者在场时会自由探索房间，照看者离开时会哭泣，照看者回来时容易被安抚。这表明他们相信照看者是可获得的。”
For insecure-avoidant attachment, the child shows little distress when the caregiver leaves and avoids contact upon reunion, often treating the caregiver similarly to a stranger. Example: ‘An avoidant infant continues playing when the caregiver leaves and ignores or turns away when they return.’
对于不安全-回避型依恋，孩子对照看者的离开几乎没有表现出痛苦，并在重聚时回避接触，通常对待照看者就像对待陌生人一样。示例：“回避型婴儿在照看者离开时继续玩耍，回来后则忽视或转过脸去。”
Common mistake: Some students mix up the insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant types. Insecure-resistant children are clingy yet resist comfort, while avoidant children actively avoid the caregiver.
常见错误：有些学生将不安全-回避型和不安全-反抗型混淆。不安全-反抗型儿童既粘人又抗拒安慰，而回避型儿童会主动回避照看者。
8. Section B, Q2: Functions of Eye Contact | 简答题2：眼神接触的功能
Question: Explain two functions of eye contact in non-verbal communication. Support your answer with real-life examples. (4 marks)
One function is regulating the flow of conversation. Eye contact signals turn-taking: we tend to look at the listener when we are about to finish speaking, and we look away when starting a new turn. Example: In a group discussion, a speaker looks directly at someone to hand over the floor.
一个功能是调节对话的进程。眼神接触能发出轮流发言的信号：当我们要结束讲话时，通常会看着听者；开始一个新话轮时则会移开目光。示例：在小组讨论中，说话者会直视某人以移交发言权。
Another function is expressing emotions and intimacy. Sustained eye contact can convey attraction, trust, or aggression, depending on context. Example: Couples often hold each other’s gaze for longer periods, while staring at a stranger for too long can be perceived as threatening.
另一个功能是表达情绪和亲密感。持续的眼神接触可以传达吸引力、信任或攻击性，具体取决于情境。示例：情侣通常会长时间凝视彼此，而盯着陌生人看太久则可能被视为威胁。
Marks are awarded for identifying the function (1 mark each) and providing a clear, contextualised example (1 mark each). Avoid vague statements like ‘it shows feelings’ without specifying what feelings or how.
每识别一个功能得1分，每给出清晰且贴合情境的示例再得1分。避免使用模糊的说法，如“它表现出了感受”，但没有说明什么感受或如何表现。
9. Common Mistakes to Avoid | 应避免的常见错误
Many students lose marks by confusing independent and dependent variables. Remember: the IV is what you change, the DV is what you measure. Using the phrase ‘To see the effect of [IV] on [DV]’ can help you structure your thinking.
许多学生因混淆自变量和因变量而失分。请记住：IV是你改变的东西，DV是你测量的东西。使用“为了观察[IV]对[DV]的影响”这个思路有助于组织你的思考。
In short-answer questions, simply listing terms without explanation will not score well. Always add a brief definition or an example. For instance, writing ‘eye contact: turn-taking’ is not enough; you must explain how it signals turn-taking and give an illustration.
在简答题中，只列术语而不解释是不会得高分的。务必加上简短的定义或例子。例如，写“眼神接触：轮换发言”是不够的；你必须说明它是如何发出轮流发言信号的，并举例说明。
For research methods, students often forget ethical considerations. Even in a theoretical answer, mentioning concepts like informed consent, confidentiality, or right to withdraw can demonstrate deeper understanding and is often rewarded in evaluation points.
关于研究方法，学生经常忘记伦理考量。即使在理论性答案中，提及知情同意、保密原则或退出权等概念，也能体现更深层次的理解，并常能在评估类得分点上获得奖励。
10. Final Revision Tips | 最终复习建议
Create flashcards for key terminology: define psychology, list the research aims, and draw the multi-store model with labelled arrows. Practise writing short, full-sentence answers under timed conditions. Use the ‘PEEL’ structure for longer responses: Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link. This mirror’s the SQA’s demand for applied knowledge.
制作包含关键术语的闪卡：定义心理学，列出研究目标，画出带标注箭头的多重存储模型。在计时条件下练习书写简短的完整句子答案。对于较长的回答，可使用“PEEL”结构：论点、证据、解释、联系。这反映了SQA对应用知识的要求。
Finally, remember that psychology is about real life. Try to link every theory or study to an example from your own experience. This not only makes revision more interesting but also prepares you to write strong, example-rich exam answers.
最后，请记住心理学关乎真实生活。试着将每一个理论或研究与你自己的经验联系起来。这不仅让复习更有趣，也能让你准备好写出有力、富含实例的考试答案。
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