📚 Year 7 WJEC Business: Vocabulary and Terminology Memorisation Guide | Year 7 WJEC 商务：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your essential guide for mastering the key business terms in the Year 7 WJEC Business curriculum. This article breaks down every important word you need to know, explains what it means in simple English, and gives you clever memory tricks to lock those definitions into your brain. From ‘entrepreneur’ to ‘marketing mix’, we will turn business jargon into something you can actually remember and enjoy learning.
欢迎来到专为 Year 7 WJEC 商务课程打造的关键术语速记指南。本文拆解了每一个你需要掌握的重要词汇，用浅显的英文为你解释含义，并传授巧妙的记忆技巧，帮你把定义牢牢记在脑中。从’entrepreneur’到’marketing mix’，我们会把商务术语变成你真正记得住、学得进去的内容。
1. What is a Business? | 什么是商业？
A business is any organisation that provides goods or services to customers in exchange for money. The main goal is usually to make a profit. Goods are physical items you can touch, like smartphones or trainers. Services are actions done for you, like haircuts or phone repairs.
商业（business）是指任何通过向顾客提供商品或服务来换取金钱的组织。其主要目标通常是盈利。商品（goods）是你能够触碰的实物，比如手机或运动鞋。服务（services）则是为你完成的行为，比如理发或手机维修。
Memory tip: Think of a business as a ‘busy-ness’ – something that keeps people busy making or doing things to earn money. Goods = glasses you can touch; Services = skills someone does for you.
记忆技巧：把 business 想象成’busy-ness’——让人忙碌着制造东西或做事情来赚钱。Goods 像 glasses（眼镜）一样可以触摸；Services 就像 skills（技能），别人为你施展。
2. The Entrepreneur and the Customer | 企业家与顾客
An entrepreneur is a person who starts and runs a business, taking financial risks in the hope of earning a profit. A customer is someone who buys goods or services from a business. Without customers, a business cannot survive; without entrepreneurs, new ideas never become products.
企业家（entrepreneur）是创办并经营企业的人，他们承担财务风险以期获得利润。顾客（customer）是从企业购买商品或服务的人。没有顾客，企业无法生存；没有企业家，新想法永远变不成产品。
Memory aid: ‘Entrepreneur’ sounds like ‘entre’ (enter) + ‘preneur’ (like ‘premises’) – someone who enters premises to start something new. Customer has ‘custom’ – they are the ones with the custom (habit) of buying.
记忆方法：’Entrepreneur’ 听起来像 ‘entre’（进入）+ ‘preneur’（像 premises 场所）——进入场地开创事业的人。Customer 中有 ‘custom’（习惯）——他们是有着购买习惯的人。
3. Revenue, Cost and Profit | 收入、成本与利润
Revenue is the total money a business brings in from selling its products before any costs are deducted. Costs are the expenses a business must pay, such as rent, wages and materials. Profit is what remains when you subtract total costs from total revenue. A loss happens when costs exceed revenue.
收入（revenue）是企业在扣除任何成本之前通过销售产品所获得的总金额。成本（costs）是企业的支出，例如租金、工资和原材料。利润（profit）是用总收入减去总成本后剩下的部分。当成本超过收入时就会发生亏损（loss）。
Think of the equation: Profit = Revenue – Costs. If you sell lemonade for £10 and your lemons and cups cost £3, your profit is £7. A handy way to remember: Revenue comes in the ‘Rev’-ving engine, Costs cut into it, Profit is the prize.
记住这个公式：利润 = 收入 – 成本。如果你卖柠檬水获得 10 英镑，柠檬和杯子的成本是 3 英镑，那么利润就是 7 英镑。巧记法：Revenue 像发动机轰鸣（rev）般进钱，Costs 把它砍掉一部分，Profit 就是最终的战利品。
4. Market, Demand and Supply | 市场、需求与供给
A market is any place (physical or online) where buyers and sellers come together to exchange goods and services. Demand is the amount of a product that customers are willing and able to buy at different prices. Supply is the amount that businesses are willing and able to offer for sale.
市场（market）是买卖双方聚集交换商品和服务的任何地方（实体或线上）。需求（demand）是顾客在不同价格下愿意并且能够购买的产品数量。供给（supply）是企业愿意并且能够提供销售的数量。
Mnemonic: Market = ‘Meet and trade’. Demand starts with ‘D’ like ‘Desire’. Supply starts with ‘S’ like ‘Stock’. When demand is high and supply is low, prices usually rise – imagine the last concert ticket.
助记：Market = ‘Meet and trade’（相遇交易）。Demand 以 ‘D’ 开头，就像 ‘Desire’（渴望）。Supply 以 ‘S’ 开头，就像 ‘Stock’（库存）。当需求高而供给少，价格往往上涨——想想最后一张演唱会门票。
5. The 4 Ps of the Marketing Mix | 营销组合的 4P
The marketing mix describes the four key elements a business controls to meet customer needs: Product, Price, Place and Promotion. Product is what you sell. Price is how much you charge. Place is where it is sold and how it reaches customers. Promotion covers advertising and special offers.
营销组合（marketing mix）描述了企业为满足顾客需求而控制的四个关键要素：产品（Product）、价格（Price）、渠道（Place）和促销（Promotion）。产品是你出售的东西。价格是你收取多少费用。渠道是它在哪里销售以及如何到达顾客手中。促销涵盖广告和特别优惠。
Simply remember ‘4 Ps’. Picture a pizza: Product (the pizza itself), Price (what you pay), Place (the restaurant or delivery), Promotion (the voucher on your fridge). That visual links every P to a real-life example.
简单记住 ‘4P’。想象一块披萨：Product（披萨本身），Price（你付的钱），Place（餐厅或外卖），Promotion（冰箱上的优惠券）。这个画面把每个 P 都联系到真实例子。
6. Target Market and Market Research | 目标市场与市场调查
A target market is the specific group of customers a business aims its products at, for example, teenagers who like gaming. Market research is the process of gathering and analysing information about what customers want, what competitors do, and how the market is changing.
目标市场（target market）是企业的产品所针对的特定顾客群体，例如喜欢玩游戏的青少年。市场调查（market research）是收集并分析关于顾客想要什么、竞争对手在做什么以及市场如何变化的信息的过程。
Imagine an archer aiming at a bullseye – the bullseye is the target market, and the archer’s practice is like market research, finding exactly where to aim. ‘Target’ tells you the ‘who’, ‘research’ reveals the ‘why’.
想象一个弓箭手对准靶心——靶心就是目标市场，而弓箭手的练习就像市场调查，找到应该瞄准的确切位置。’Target’ 告诉你’谁’，’research’ 揭示’为什么’。
7. Production, Quality and Efficiency | 生产、质量与效率
Production is the process of turning raw materials into finished goods. Quality means making sure a product meets certain standards and satisfies customers. Efficiency means using resources – time, money, materials – wisely, without waste, to keep costs low.
生产（production）是将原材料转化为成品的过程。质量（quality）意味着确保产品达到一定标准并使顾客满意。效率（efficiency）意味着明智地使用资源——时间、金钱、材料——避免浪费，以保持低成本。
All three work together: ‘Produce it right, check for quality, do it quickly’. Think of a bakery: production is baking bread, quality is tasting it to make sure it’s good, efficiency is baking many loaves without burning any or wasting flour.
三者协同作用：’正确生产，检查质量，快速完成’。回想面包店：生产是烤面包，质量是试吃确认好吃，效率是烤出大量面包而不烤焦或浪费面粉。
8. Budgets and Cash Flow | 预算与现金流
A budget is a financial plan that predicts future income and spending. Cash flow is the movement of money into and out of a business over a period of time. Positive cash flow means more money comes in than goes out; negative means the opposite.
预算（budget）是预测未来收入和支出的财务计划。现金流（cash flow）是在一段时间内资金进出企业的动态。正向现金流意味着进钱多于出钱；负向则相反。
Budget rhymes with ‘nudge it’ – you nudge your spending to stay on track. Cash flow is like a river: inflows are streams feeding it, outflows are water leaving; you always want the river level to rise.
Budget 与 ‘nudge it’（轻推）押韵——你轻轻推一下支出以保持正轨。现金流就像河流：流入是补给的小溪，流出是排出的水；你总希望河水水位上涨。
9. Types of Business Ownership | 企业所有权类型
The three simplest forms of ownership are sole trader, partnership and private limited company. A sole trader is a single person running a business. A partnership is two or more people sharing responsibilities and profits. A company is a separate legal entity, often with ‘Ltd’ after its name, and owners have limited liability.
最简单的三种所有权形式是个体经营者（sole trader）、合伙（partnership）和私人有限公司（private limited company）。个体经营者是一个人独自经营企业。合伙是两人或多人共同承担责任和分享利润。公司是一个独立的法律实体，通常名字后面有 ‘Ltd’，所有者承担有限责任。
Sole = single shoe; Partnership = a ship with two captains; Limited company = a shield that limits what you can lose (limited liability). Picture these images when you hear the terms.
Sole（独自）像一只鞋；Partnership 像一艘有两位船长的船；Limited company 像一面盾牌，限制你可能失去的（有限责任）。听到这些术语时在脑中画出这些画面。
10. Business Plan and Objectives | 商业计划与目标
A business plan is a written document that describes a business’s goals, the strategy to achieve them, and the financial forecasts. Objectives are specific, measurable targets a business wants to achieve, such as ‘increase sales by 10% in six months’.
商业计划（business plan）是描述企业目标、实现目标的策略以及财务预测的书面文件。目标（objectives）是具体的、可衡量的、企业想要达成的靶子，比如’六个月内销售额提高 10%’。
Think of a business plan as a treasure map – it shows where you want to go and the route. Objectives are the ‘X’ marks on the map. Without a plan, you will wander; without objectives, you won’t know when you have arrived.
把商业计划想成一张藏宝图——它展示你想去的地方和路线。目标就是图上的 ‘X’ 标记。没有计划你就会漫无目的；没有目标，你便不知道何时抵达。
11. Ethics and Sustainability | 伦理与可持续性
Business ethics are the moral principles that guide how a business behaves, such as treating workers fairly or not misleading customers. Sustainability means running a business in a way that does not harm the environment or society, so it can keep going into the future.
商业伦理（business ethics）是指导企业行为的道德原则，例如公平对待员工或不误导顾客。可持续性（sustainability）意味着以一种不损害环境或社会的方式经营企业，使其能够持续到未来。
Ethics is ‘be nice on purpose’; sustainability is ‘keep the planet happy so business can last forever’. Pair them: an ethical business often chooses sustainable packaging, fair trade ingredients, and honest advertising.
伦理就是’有意做好事’；可持续性是’让地球快乐，企业才能长存’。把它们联系起来：有道德的企业通常会选择可持续包装、公平贸易原料和诚实的广告。
12. Memory Techniques for Business Terms | 商务术语的记忆技巧
To make all these terms stick, use acronyms (e.g. 4Ps), create silly sentences where each word starts with the letter you need to remember, draw colourful mind maps, and teach the terms to someone else. Flashcards with the word on one side and the definition plus a picture on the other are excellent for quick recall.
为了让所有这些术语扎根，使用首字母缩略词（比如 4P），造一些滑稽的句子让每个单词的首字母对应你需要记住的字母，绘制多彩的思维导图，以及给他人讲解这些术语。一面写单词、另一面写定义加图片的闪卡非常适合快速回忆。
Example: To remember ‘Profit = Revenue – Costs’, sing it to a simple tune. For ‘entrepreneur’, link to ‘entre’ (enter) and ‘neur’ (newer) – someone who enters into something new. The more personal and strange the connection, the longer it stays in memory.
例如：要记住’利润 = 收入 – 成本’，可以用简单的曲调唱出来。对于 ‘entrepreneur’，联想 ‘entre’（进入）和 ‘neur’（newer 更新）——进入新领域的人。联系越个人化、越怪异，停留的时间就越长。
Published by TutorHao | Business Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导