Year 7 WJEC Economics: Core Knowledge Review | Year 7 WJEC 经济：核心知识点梳理

📚 Year 7 WJEC Economics: Core Knowledge Review | Year 7 WJEC 经济：核心知识点梳理

Welcome to the world of economics! This guide covers the essential concepts you will encounter in the Year 7 WJEC Economics course, designed to build a strong foundation in understanding how people, businesses, and governments make decisions about resources. Economics is not just about money — it is about making choices in a world of limited resources.

欢迎来到经济学的世界！本指南涵盖了 WJEC 七年级经济学课程中的核心概念，旨在为你打下坚实的基础，帮助你理解个人、企业和政府如何就资源做出决策。经济学不仅仅关乎金钱——它关乎在资源有限的世界中做出选择。

1. What is Economics? | 什么是经济学？

Economics is the social science that examines how individuals, businesses, and governments make choices when faced with limited resources. The core problem in economics is scarcity — the gap between unlimited human wants and the limited resources available to satisfy them.

经济学是一门社会科学，研究个人、企业和政府在面对有限资源时如何做出选择。经济学的核心问题是稀缺性——即无限的人类欲望与满足这些欲望的有限资源之间的差距。

Because resources such as time, money, and raw materials are scarce, every society must answer three fundamental questions: what to produce, how to produce it, and for whom to produce it. These choices are studied at two levels: microeconomics focuses on individual consumers and firms, while macroeconomics looks at the whole economy, including issues like unemployment and inflation.

由于时间、金钱和原材料等资源是稀缺的，每个社会都必须回答三个基本问题：生产什么、如何生产以及为谁生产。这些选择的研究分为两个层面：微观经济学关注个人消费者和企业，而宏观经济学则着眼于整体经济，包括失业和通货膨胀等问题。

Understanding economics helps us make better personal decisions, explains why prices change, and shows how government policies can improve our standard of living.

理解经济学有助于我们做出更好的个人决策，解释价格为何变化，并展示政府政策如何改善我们的生活水平。

2. Needs and Wants | 需要与想要

In economics, we distinguish between needs and wants. Needs are items or services that are essential for survival, such as food, clean water, shelter, and basic clothing. Wants are goods or services that people would like to have but are not necessary for survival; these include entertainment, luxury items, and holidays.

在经济学中，我们区分需要和想要。需要是生存所必需的物品或服务，如食物、清洁水、住所和基本衣物。想要是人们希望拥有但并非生存所必需的商品或服务；包括娱乐、奢侈品和度假。

The following table shows some typical examples of needs and wants:

下表列出了一些需要和想要的典型例子：

What one person considers a want may be seen as a need by another, depending on their culture, climate, or personal circumstances. For instance, a mobile phone might be a want for some, but for a person who needs it for work or safety, it becomes a need. Over time, some wants can turn into perceived needs as society changes.

一个人视为想要的东西，另一个人可能视为需要，这取决于文化、气候或个人处境。例如，手机对某些人来说可能是想要，但对于需要用手机工作或保障安全的人来说，它就成了需要。随着时间的推移，一些想要会随着社会变化而转变为人们认为的需求。

3. Goods and Services | 商品与服务

Goods are physical, tangible items that can be seen and touched, such as books, bicycles, and food. Goods can be classified into durable goods (which last a long time, like a television) and non‑durable goods (

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