📚 Year 7 WJEC French: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Handbook | Year 7 WJEC 法语:公式定理速查手册
Welcome to your essential quick-reference guide for Year 7 WJEC French. In language learning, we can think of grammar rules and sentence structures as ‘formulas’ and ‘theorems’ that, once learned, allow you to build any sentence with confidence. This handbook gathers the most important patterns, verb conjugations, and constructions you will meet in your first year of French, clearly laid out for easy revision. Keep it handy for homework, class tests, and end-of-year assessments.
欢迎使用 Year 7 WJEC 法语速查手册。在语言学习中,我们可以把语法规则和句型看作“公式”和“定理”,一旦掌握,就能自信地构建任何句子。本手册汇集了你第一年法语将遇到的最重要的句型模式、动词变位和结构,以清晰的方式编排,便于复习。做作业、单元测验或年终考试时,随时查阅。
1. The Noun Gender Equation | 名词阴阳性公式
Every French noun has a gender – masculine or feminine. The formula: definite article (le/la/l’) + noun. Guessing the gender is a key skill. Look at the ending of the noun: many nouns ending in -e are feminine (la table, la porte), but not all; nouns ending in -ment, -age, -eau are usually masculine (le bâtiment, le fromage, le cadeau). Always learn the article with the noun as one unit.
每个法语名词都有性别——阳性或阴性。公式:定冠词(le/la/l’)+ 名词。猜测词性是关键技能。观察名词词尾:许多以-e结尾的名词是阴性(la table, la porte),但并非全部;以-ment、-age、-eau结尾的名词通常是阳性(le bâtiment, le fromage, le cadeau)。一定要把冠词和名词作为一个整体来记忆。
2. The Article Decision Tree | 冠词决策树
Use le, la, l’, les (the) for ‘in general’ or when talking about a specific item already mentioned. Use un, une, des (a/an, some) when introducing something for the first time, or when you mean ‘one’. The formula: un + masculine noun (un stylo), une + feminine noun (une trousse), des + plural noun (des livres). For negative sentences, un/une/des become de/d’ (pas de stylo, pas d’amis).
表示泛指或已提到过的特定物品时,使用 le、la、l’、les(定冠词)。首次提及、或者表示“一个”时,使用 un、une、des(不定冠词)。公式:un + 阳性名词(un stylo),une + 阴性名词(une trousse),des + 复数名词(des livres)。在否定句中,un/une/des 变为 de/d’(pas de stylo,pas d’amis)。
3. The Subject Pronoun Chart | 主语代词表
Subject pronouns are the building blocks of conjugation. Memorise this table as your foundational set of ‘variables’.
主语代词是动词变位的基础。记住这张表,作为你的基础“变量”集。
| Person | French | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | je / j’ | I |
| 2nd singular | tu | you (informal) |
| 3rd singular | il / elle / on | he / she / one, we (colloquial) |
| 1st plural | nous | we |
| 2nd plural | vous | you (formal / plural) |
| 3rd plural | ils / elles | they (m) / they (f) |
4. Être and Avoir – The Two Prime Verbs | 动词 être 与 avoir – 两大基础动词
These two irregular verbs form the ‘axioms’ of French. You must know them by heart. They are used in many set expressions: avoir for age (j’ai douze ans), être for nationality and description (je suis anglais).
这两个不规则动词构成了法语的“公理”,必须烂熟于心。它们用于许多固定表达:年龄用 avoir(j’ai douze ans 我十二岁),国籍和描述用 être(je suis anglais 我是英国人)。
| Subject | Être (to be) | Avoir (to have) |
|---|---|---|
| je | suis | ai |
| tu | es | as |
| il/elle/on | est | a |
| nous | sommes | avons |
| vous | êtes | avez |
| ils/elles | sont | ont |
5. Regular -ER Verb Conjugation ‘Formula’ | 规则 -ER 动词变位“公式”
The largest family of French verbs ends in -ER. To conjugate: take the infinitive stem (e.g. parl- from parler), then add the endings: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent. This works for parler, aimer, habiter, regarder, écouter and many more.
法语最大的动词家族以 -ER 结尾。变位方法:去掉词尾 -er,得到词干(例如 parler 的词干是 parl-),然后依次加上词尾:-e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent。这适用于 parler, aimer, habiter, regarder, écouter 等大量动词。
je parle → tu parles → il/elle parle → nous parlons → vous parlez → ils/elles parlent
je parle → tu parles → il/elle parle → nous parlons → vous parlez → ils/elles parlent
6. Adjective Agreement Rule | 形容词配合规则
Adjectives behave like variables that must match the noun in gender and number. The default form is masculine singular. Add -e for feminine (grand → grande), add -s for masculine plural (grands), and -es for feminine plural (grandes). Irregulars: beau → belle, blanc → blanche, heureux → heureuse. Position: most adjectives go after the noun (un stylo bleu), but common short ones like petit, grand, bon, joli come before.
形容词就像变量,必须在性和数上与名词一致。默认形式是阳性单数。阴性加 -e(grand → grande),阳性复数加 -s(grands),阴性复数加 -es(grandes)。不规则变化:beau → belle, blanc → blanche, heureux → heureuse。位置:大多数形容词置于名词后(un stylo bleu),但 petit, grand, bon, joli 等常用短形容词放在名词前。
7. The Negation ‘Sandwich’ Formula | 否定“三明治”公式
To make a sentence negative, wrap the verb with ne … pas. The ‘ne’ goes before the verb, and ‘pas’ after it. If the verb begins with a vowel, ‘ne’ becomes n’. Example: ‘Je joue’ → ‘Je ne joue pas’; ‘Il a’ → ‘Il n’a pas’. This is a fundamental syntactic ‘theorem’ in French sentence building.
要将句子变为否定,用 ne … pas 包住变位动词。ne 放在动词前,pas 放在动词后。如果动词以元音开头,ne 缩合成 n’。例如:“Je joue”→“Je ne joue pas”;“Il a”→“Il n’a pas”。这是法语句子构建中一个基础性的句法“定理”。
8. Asking Questions – Three Formulae | 提问三公式
You can form a question in three ways: (1) Simple intonation – raise your voice at the end: ‘Tu aimes le sport ?’ (2) Add ‘Est-ce que’ at the start: ‘Est-ce que tu aimes le sport ?’ This formula turns any statement into a question without changing word order. (3) Inversion – swap the subject and verb, linked by a hyphen: ‘Aimes-tu le sport ?’ For Year 7, focus on the first two, as they are safe and widely used.
你可以通过三种方式提问:(1) 简单语调——句末抬高音调:“Tu aimes le sport ?”。(2) 在句首加“Est-ce que”:“Est-ce que tu aimes le sport ?”。这个公式可以不变语序,将任何陈述句变为问句。(3) 倒装——主谓交换,用连字符连接:“Aimes-tu le sport ?”。Year 7 阶段重点掌握前两种,它们安全又常用。
9. Possessive Structures – Using ‘de’ | 所属结构 – 用“de”
To express possession, French uses the formula: thing owned + de + owner. ‘De’ contracts with ‘le’ to become ‘du’, and with ‘les’ to become ‘des’. Examples: ‘le stylo de Marie’ (Marie’s pen), ‘la maison du professeur’ (the teacher’s house), ‘les cahiers des élèves’ (the pupils’ notebooks). Never use an apostrophe-s like in English.
法语表达所属,使用公式:被拥有物 + de + 拥有者。de 与 le 缩合成 du,与 les 缩合成 des。例如:“le stylo de Marie”(Marie的笔),“la maison du professeur”(老师的房子),“les cahiers des élèves”(学生们的本子)。绝不要像英语那样用 ’s。
10. Telling the Time in French | 法语时间表达
The formula for telling time is: Il est + [hour] + heure(s) + [minutes]. For example: ‘Il est deux heures’ (It’s 2:00), ‘Il est trois heures dix’ (3:10). For half past, use ‘et demie’: ‘Il est cinq heures et demie’. For quarter past/to, use ‘et quart’ / ‘moins le quart’. 24-hour clock is common in timetables: ‘Il est quatorze heures trente’ (14:30).
表达时间的公式是:Il est + [小时数] + heure(s) + [分钟数]。例如:“Il est deux heures”(现在是2点),“Il est trois heures dix”(3:10)。半点用“et demie”:“Il est cinq heures et demie”。一刻钟用“et quart”/“moins le quart”。时间表常用24小时制:“Il est quatorze heures trente”(14:30)。
11. Numbers and Counting Patterns | 数字与计数模式
Numbers are essential ‘constants’. Memorise 0-20: zéro, un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt. Then patterns: 21 = vingt et un, 22 = vingt-deux. Tens: 30 trente, 40 quarante, 50 cinquante, 60 soixante. Note the Belgian/Swiss pattern for 70 (septante) and 90 (nonante) is not used in WJEC.
数字是关键的“常量”。熟记 0-20:zéro, un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt。然后模式:21 = vingt et un,22 = vingt-deux。整十数:30 trente,40 quarante,50 cinquante,60 soixante。注意:WJEC 不使用比利时/瑞士式的 70 (septante) 和 90 (nonante)。
12. The Near Future Formula | 最近将来时公式
Even in Year 7, you can talk about future plans using the near future: aller (conjugated) + infinitive. Conjugate ‘aller’ (je vais, tu vas, il/elle va, nous allons, vous allez, ils/elles vont) and follow it with any verb in the infinitive. Example: ‘Je vais regarder la télé’ (I am going to watch TV). This grants you immediate communicative power.
即使在 Year 7,你也能用最近将来时谈论未来计划:aller(变位)+ 动词不定式。先变位 aller(je vais, tu vas, il/elle va, nous allons, vous allez, ils/elles vont),然后跟上任何动词原形。例如:“Je vais regarder la télé”(我要看电视)。这个结构让你即刻拥有表达未来的能力。
Published by TutorHao | French Revision Series | aleveler.com
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