📚 Year 7 CAIE Engineering: Glossary Quick Memorization Guide | CAIE 7年级工程词汇术语速记指南
Mastering engineering vocabulary early on gives you a solid foundation for all your practical work and design projects. This guide is built to help you quickly learn and remember the key terms you will meet in Year 7 CAIE Engineering. You will find each term clearly explained in English and Chinese, with memory-friendly tips woven throughout.
尽早掌握工程术语能为你的所有实践操作和设计项目打下坚实基础。本指南旨在帮助你快速学习并记住你在 7 年级 CAIE 工程中将遇到的关键术语。每个术语都用中英双语清晰地解释，并贯穿便于记忆的小技巧。
1. Basic Mechanical Concepts | 基础机械概念
Force: A push or pull that can cause an object to move, stop, or change direction. Measured in newtons (N).
力：能够使物体移动、停止或改变方向的推或拉。以牛顿（N）为单位。
Load: The weight or object being moved or supported by a structure or machine.
负载：由结构或机器移动或支撑的重量或物体。
Effort: The force applied to a simple machine to do work, like pushing down on a lever.
动力：施加于简单机械以做功的力，例如在杠杆上向下按压的力。
Fulcrum: The fixed pivot point around which a lever turns.
支点：杠杆绕其转动的固定枢轴点。
Lever: A simple machine made of a rigid bar resting on a fulcrum, used to lift or move loads with less effort.
杠杆：一种由刚性杆和支点构成的简单机械，用于以较小的动力提升或移动负载。
Pulley: A wheel with a grooved rim for a rope or belt, used to change the direction of a force and lift loads.
滑轮：一个带有绳槽或皮带槽的轮子，用于改变力的方向并提升负载。
Gear: A toothed wheel that meshes with another toothed wheel to transmit motion and force.
齿轮：一种带有齿的轮子，与另一个齿轮啮合以传递运动和力。
Axle: A rod passing through the centre of a wheel or gear, allowing it to rotate.
轴：穿过轮子或齿轮中心的杆，使其能够旋转。
2. Tools and Workshop Equipment | 工具与车间设备
Vernier calliper: A precise measuring tool used to measure internal and external dimensions, as well as depths.
游标卡尺：一种精确测量工具，用于测量内径、外径以及深度。
Hacksaw: A fine-toothed saw used for cutting metal and plastic in the workshop.
钢锯：一种细齿锯，用于在车间中切割金属和塑料。
Bench vice: A clamping device fixed to a workbench, used to securely hold a workpiece during cutting, drilling, or filing.
台虎钳：固定在工作台上的夹持装置，用于在切割、钻孔或锉削时将工件稳固夹持。
Pillar drill: A fixed power tool used for drilling accurate holes in materials; also known as a bench drill.
台钻：一种固定式电动工具，用于在材料上钻出精确的孔；也称为台式钻床。
File: A hand tool with a rough surface, used to shape and smooth materials such as metal or wood.
锉刀：一种表面粗糙的手工工具，用于金属、木材等材料的成形和打磨。
Screwdriver: A tool used to turn screws, with a shaped tip that fits into the screw head (flat or cross-head).
螺丝刀：用于旋拧螺丝的工具，其成型端头可插入螺丝头（一字或十字头）。
3. Materials and Their Properties | 材料及其性能
Ferrous metal: A metal containing iron, which makes it magnetic and often prone to rust (e.g. mild steel).
黑色金属：含铁的金属，使其具有磁性且通常容易生锈（如低碳钢）。
Non-ferrous metal: A metal not containing iron, such as aluminium or copper; generally does not rust and is not magnetic.
有色金属：不含铁的金属，例如铝或铜；通常不生锈且无磁性。
Thermoplastic: A plastic that can be repeatedly softened by heating and hardened by cooling, like acrylic.
热塑性塑料：一种可通过加热反复软化、冷却硬化的塑料，如亚克力。
Hardwood: Wood from deciduous trees, generally denser and used for quality furniture (e.g. oak, beech).
硬木：来自落叶树木的木材，通常较致密，用于制作优质家具（如橡木、山毛榉）。
Brittle: A property of a material that breaks or shatters easily without much bending (e.g. glass, cast iron).
脆性：材料在几乎没有弯曲的情况下容易破裂或碎裂的特性（如玻璃、铸铁）。
Ductile: Describes a material that can be stretched into a wire without breaking (e.g. copper).
延展性：描述材料能够被拉伸成丝而不断裂的性能（如铜）。
4. Manufacturing Processes | 制造工艺
Marking out: The process of transferring design dimensions onto a workpiece using tools like a scriber, try square, and engineer’s blue.
划线：使用划线针、直角尺和蓝油等工具将设计尺寸转移到工件上的过程。
Drilling: Making a cylindrical hole using a rotating drill bit; always secure the workpiece and wear goggles.
钻孔：使用旋转的钻头加工圆柱形孔；务必固定工件并佩戴护目镜。
Filing: Removing small amounts of material with a file to shape a workpiece or smooth sharp edges.
锉削：用锉刀去除少量材料以对工件进行成形或修光毛刺。
Sanding: Using abrasive paper to smooth a surface; finer grit numbers give a smoother finish.
打磨：使用砂纸使表面光滑；砂纸目数越大，表面越光洁。
Joining: Connecting two or more parts together, for example by using adhesives, screws, or soldering.
连接：将两个或多个零件结合在一起，例如使用粘合剂、螺钉或焊接。
5. Basic Electronics | 基础电子学
Circuit: A complete loop of conductive material through which electricity can flow.
电路：电流可以流过的完整导电回路。
Battery: A source of stored chemical energy that provides push (voltage) to move electrons around a circuit.
电池：存储化学能的来源，提供推动力（电压）使电子围绕电路移动。
Switch: A component that can open or close a circuit, controlling the flow of current.
开关：能够接通或断开电路以控制电流流动的元件。
LED (Light Emitting Diode): A semiconductor that emits light when current passes through it; it only works when connected the right way round.
发光二极管：一种当电流通过时会发光的半导体；必须正确连接正负极才能工作。
Resistor: A component that limits or resists the flow of electrical current; measured in ohms (Ω).
电阻器：限制或阻碍电流流动的元件；以欧姆（Ω）为单位。
Conductor: A material that allows electricity to flow easily, such as copper wire.
导体：允许电流容易通过的材料，例如铜导线。
6. Structures and Stability | 结构与稳定性
Beam: A horizontal structural member that carries loads across a span, supported at both ends.
梁：一种水平结构构件，在两端支撑下跨越跨度承载负载。
Truss: A framework of triangles used to make strong, lightweight structures, often seen in roofs and bridges.
桁架：由三角形构成的框架，用于制造坚固轻巧的结构，常见于屋架和桥梁。
Buckling: A sudden sideways failure of a column or strut when compressed; it happens long before the material itself crushes.
屈曲：柱或撑杆受压时突然发生的侧向失稳；它远在材料本身被压碎之前发生。
Strut: A structural component designed to resist compression, keeping two parts apart.
撑杆：设计用于抵抗压力、将两个部分分开的结构件。
Tie: A component that carries tension, keeping two parts together (like a cable).
拉杆：承受拉力、将两个部分拉在一起的构件（如缆索）。
Stable: Describes a structure that returns to its original position after a small tilt or disturbance.
稳定：描述结构在轻微的倾斜或干扰后能回到原位。
7. Design and Communication | 设计与交流
Isometric drawing: A 3D drawing method where vertical lines are drawn vertically, and horizontal lines are drawn at 30° to the baseline, without foreshortening.
等轴测图：一种三维绘图方法，垂直线垂直绘制，水平线以与基线成 30° 角绘制，无透视缩短。
Orthographic projection: A 2D drawing method showing different views (front, top, side) of an object separately.
正投影图：一种二维绘图方法，分别显示物体的不同视图（主视图、俯视图、侧视图）。
Scale drawing: A drawing where all dimensions are enlarged or reduced by the same ratio compared to the real object.
比例图：所有尺寸按与实物相同的比例放大或缩小的图纸。
Sketch: A quick, freehand drawing used to brainstorm and communicate ideas without detailed measurements.
草图：一种快速的手绘图形，用于头脑风暴和交流想法，无需详细尺寸。
Dimensions: Measurements shown on a drawing, indicating length, width, height, or diameter.
尺寸标注：图纸上显示的长度、宽度、高度或直径等测量数据。
8. Measurement and Units | 测量与单位
Millimetre (mm): A small unit of length; 10 millimetres equal 1 centimetre. Used for precision in engineering drawings.
毫米：小的长度单位；10 毫米等于 1 厘米。在工程图纸中用于精确定义。
Newton (N): The SI unit of force. One newton is roughly the force need to lift a small apple.
牛顿：国际单位的力单位。1 牛顿大约是拿起一个小苹果所需的力。
Mass: The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g). It stays the same wherever you go.
质量：物体所含物质的多少，以千克或克为单位。它无论在哪里都保持不变。
Diameter: The distance across a circle through its centre. Often used when specifying drills or pipes.
直径：通过圆心横跨圆周的距离。常用于规定钻头或管道的尺寸。
Try square: A tool used for marking and checking 90° angles, consisting of a metal blade and a wooden or plastic stock.
直角尺：用于标划和检验 90° 角的工具，由金属尺身和木制或塑料尺座组成。
9. Health and Safety Terms | 健康与安全术语
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment): Equipment worn to minimise exposure to hazards; includes safety goggles, aprons, and steel-toe boots.
个人防护装备：为减少危害暴露而穿戴的装备；包括护目镜、防护围裙和钢头鞋。
Hazard: Anything with the potential to cause harm, such as a sharp blade, hot glue gun, or heavy object.
危害：任何可能造成伤害的事物，例如锋利的刀片、热熔胶枪或重物。
Risk: The likelihood that a person will be harmed by a hazard, considered together with how severe the harm would be.
风险：人员被危害伤害的可能性，及其严重程度的综合衡量。
Machine guard: A protective barrier or shield fitted to a machine to prevent contact with moving parts.
机器防护罩：安装在机器上用以防止接触运动部件的保护屏障或挡板。
First aid: The immediate help given to an injured person before professional medical treatment can be provided.
急救：在专业医疗处理之前提供给受伤人员的即时帮助。
10. Memory Tips for Engineering Terms | 工程术语记忆技巧
Create acronyms: Make a short word from the first letters of terms you need to remember, for example ‘FLAGG’ for Force, Load, Axle, Gear, Gravity.
编首字母缩略词：用你需要记住的术语的首字母组成一个简短的单词，例如用 FLAGG 代表 Force, Load, Axle, Gear, Gravity。
Draw a visual dictionary: Next to each term, sketch a simple icon or diagram. Your brain recalls pictures far more easily than words alone.
绘制视觉词典：在每一个术语旁边画一个简单的图标或示意图。大脑回忆图像远比回忆文字容易得多。
Group by families: Link terms that belong together, such as ‘fulcrum, effort, load’ under levers. Seeing connections cuts memorisation time in half.
按家族分组：将归属同一个概念的术语关联起来，例如将 支点、动力、负载 放在杠杆下面。看出联系可让记忆时间减半。
Use flashcard pairs: Write the English term on one side and the meaning (in English or Chinese) on the other. Test yourself in both directions.
使用配对闪卡：一面写英文术语，另一面写含义（英文或中文）。双向自我测试。
Say it, write it, build it: Speak the term aloud as you work, write it in your logbook, and whenever possible touch the real object. Multi-sense learning locks words into long-term memory.
说、写、做：在工作时大声说出术语，记录在日志中，并尽可能触摸实际物体。多感官学习能将词汇深深锁入长期记忆。
Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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