📚 Year 7 CAIE Media: Quick Vocabulary & Terminology Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CAIE 媒体：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering media terminology is like learning a new language — it unlocks your ability to analyse films, advertisements, websites, and social media content critically. For Year 7 CAIE Media students, a strong vocabulary foundation helps you excel in class discussions and written assessments. This guide will introduce essential terms and provide clever memorisation techniques to help you remember them effortlessly.
掌握媒体术语就像学习一门新语言——它让你有能力批判性地分析电影、广告、网站和社交媒体内容。对于 Year 7 CAIE 媒体的学生来说，扎实的词汇基础能帮助你在课堂讨论和书面评估中脱颖而出。本指南将介绍关键术语，并提供巧妙的记忆技巧，让你轻松记住它们。
1. Why Memorising Terminology Matters | 为什么记忆术语很重要
Media terminology is the toolkit for discussing how meaning is created. Instead of saying “the camera moved,” you can say “panning shot” and sound more knowledgeable. Understanding terms also helps you identify exam question requirements, such as “analyse the representation of teenagers in this advert.”
媒体术语是讨论意义如何被创造的工具箱。与其说”镜头移动了”，不如说”摇摄镜头”，这样听起来更专业。理解术语也有助于你识别考试题目要求，比如”分析这则广告中对青少年的再现”。
To memorise efficiently, try associating a term with an image, a rhyme, or a personal experience. Group related terms together (for example, all camera shots) to form mental maps. Actively using the words in your own sentences — even just describing your favourite TikTok video — makes them stick.
为了高效记忆，试着将术语与图像、韵律或个人经历联系起来。将相关术语（如所有镜头景别）分组，形成思维导图。在你自己的句子中主动使用这些词——哪怕只是描述你最爱的抖音视频——都能让它们牢牢记住。
2. Media Language: The Building Blocks | 媒体语言：构建模块
Media Language refers to the codes and conventions used in any media text. Two core terms are denotation and connotation. Denotation is the literal, obvious meaning of a sign (for instance, a red rose simply denotes a flower). Connotation is the deeper, culturally constructed meaning associated with it (the rose connotes romance or passion).
媒体语言指任何媒体文本中使用的符号和惯例。两个核心术语是明示义和隐含义。明示义是一个符号的字面、明显的意义（例如，一朵红玫瑰只明示为一种花）。隐含义则是与之相关的更深层、文化建构的意义（玫瑰隐含浪漫或激情）。
Memory aids: Think of denotation as ‘dictionary definition’ — both start with D. For connotation, think of ‘connection’ — what your brain connects the image to. Practise by taking everyday objects and listing both their denotations and connotations.
记忆辅助：把”明示义”想成”字典定义”——两者英文都以 D 开头。对于”隐含义”，联想为”联系”——你的大脑把这个图像联系到了什么。可以通过列举日常物品的明示义和隐含义来练习。
3. Genre: Categorising Media | 类型：分类媒体
Genre helps us sort media products — such as horror, comedy, or fantasy — based on shared conventions. Conventions are the typical ingredients or rules a genre follows: a horror film often uses dark lighting and sudden scares, while a romantic comedy often includes a ‘meet-cute’ moment.
类型帮助我们根据共通的惯例将媒体产品分类，如恐怖片、喜剧片或奇幻片。惯例是一个类型遵循的典型成分或规则：恐怖片常用昏暗的灯光和突如其来的惊吓，而浪漫喜剧常包含一次”欢喜冤家相遇”的时刻。
A hybrid genre mixes two or more genres, such as a sci-fi thriller. To remember the word ‘genre’, think of the ‘general’ category. For ‘convention’, imagine a convention where people who like the same things meet — they share common habits.
混合类型混合了两种或更多类型，比如科幻惊悚片。记忆 “genre” 这个词，可以联想为”general（普遍的）”类别。对于 “convention”，想象一个同好者大会，他们共享相同的习惯。
4. Representation: How Media Portrays the World | 再现：媒体如何描绘世界
Representation is the way media re-presents reality. It is not a mirror; it involves selection, construction, and emphasis. A magazine cover chooses a specific image, pose, and lighting to create a version of the person. Key terms include stereotype (a simplified, often exaggerated generalisation of a group) and countertype (a representation that challenges stereotypes).
再现是媒体重新呈现现实的方式。它不是一面镜子，而涉及选择、构建和强调。杂志封面选取特定的图像、姿势和光线来创造人物的一个版本。关键术语包括刻板印象（对一个群体的简化、常常夸大的概括）和反刻板印象（挑战刻板印象的再现）。
To memorise ‘stereotype’, break it down: ‘stereo’ (meaning fixed or solid) + ‘type’ (category) — a fixed, oversimplified category. Ask yourself every time you watch an advert: “Who is shown? Who is missing? Why?” This practice turns representation analysis into a habit.
要记住”刻板印象”，把它拆开：”stereo”（意为固定或坚固）+”type”（类别）——一个固定、过度简化的类别。每次看广告时问自己：”展示了谁？漏掉了谁？为什么？”这样把再现分析变成一种习惯。
5. Audience: Who Is Watching? | 受众：谁在看？
The audience is the group of people who consume a media product. The target audience is the specific segment the producer aims at, often defined by demographics (age, gender, interests) and psychographics (values, lifestyles). An active audience engages critically with the text, while a passive audience simply accepts its messages without question.
受众是消费媒体产品的群体。目标受众是制作者瞄准的特定细分人群，通常由人口统计特征（年龄、性别、兴趣）和心理特征（价值观、生活方式）界定。主动受众批判性地与文本互动，而被动受众不加质疑地接受其信息。
Memory hook: ‘Audience’ sounds like an ‘audio hall’ filled with listeners. Visualise a cinema full of different people, and imagine designing a film poster that would attract only one section of them — that is your target audience. Always link audience concepts to your own media consumption: are you an active or passive viewer when scrolling through reels?
记忆钩子：”Audience” 听起来像一间充满听众的”audio hall（音响厅）”。想象一间坐满不同观众的影院，再想象设计一张只能吸引其中一部分人的电影海报——那就是你的目标受众。始终将受众概念与自己的媒体使用联系起来：刷短视频时你是主动还是被动观众？
6. Narrative: Telling Stories | 叙事：讲述故事
Narrative is the way a story is organised and told. Most media narratives follow a clear structure: exposition (introduction of characters and setting), climax (the turning point or most intense moment), and resolution (how everything ends). Some stories use flashbacks or non-linear timelines to make the narrative more interesting.
叙事是故事被组织和讲述的方式。大多数媒体叙事遵循一个清晰的结构：呈现（介绍人物和场景）、高潮（转折点或最紧张的时刻）和结局（一切如何结束）。有些故事使用倒叙或非线性时间线让叙事更有趣。
Use the ‘story sandwich’ analogy: exposition is the bread, climax is the filling, and resolution is the top slice. Another helpful mnemonic: Every Cat Returns (Exposition, Climax, Resolution). When analysing a clip, identify these three parts — it becomes a game.
用”故事三明治”类比：呈现是面包，高潮是馅料，结局是上层面包。另一个有用的记忆法：Every Cat Returns（取首字母 E-C-R）。分析视频片段时，找出这三部分——像做游戏一样。
7. Camera Shots and Angles | 镜头景别与角度
Camera shots and angles are the building blocks of visual storytelling. Below are the most essential ones to learn, with memory tricks.
镜头景别与角度是视觉叙事的构建模块。以下是最需要学习的重要术语，附记忆锦囊。
Establishing Shot (Extreme Long Shot): A very wide shot that shows the location or setting. It ‘establishes’ where the scene takes place.
建立镜头（极远景）：一个展示地点或场景的极宽镜头。它”建立”了场景发生的地点。
Long Shot (LS): Shows the subject from head to toe within their environment. Think ‘full body, long view’.
远景（LS）：在环境中从头到脚展示主体的镜头。联想”全身，长视野”。
Medium Shot (MS): Frames the subject from the waist up, often used for dialogue. It is ‘medium’ because it is between a long shot and a close-up.
中景（MS）：框取人物腰部以上，常用于对话场景。”中”是因为它介于远景和近景之间。
Close-Up (CU): Tightly frames a face, showing emotions. Remember: ‘close to the face’.
特写（CU）：紧凑地框取面部，展现情绪。记住：”贴近面部”。
Extreme Close-Up (ECU): Shows only a detail, like an eye or a word on a page. It is ‘extreme’ in its closeness.
大特写（ECU）：只展示一个细节，比如一只眼睛或纸上的一个字。它的”大”体现在极致的贴近。
High Angle: The camera looks down at the subject, making them appear small or vulnerable.
俯拍角度：摄影机向下俯视主体，使主体显得渺小或脆弱。
Low Angle: The camera looks up at the subject, making them seem powerful or dominant.
仰拍角度：摄影机向上仰视主体，使之显得强大或主导。
Eye Level: A neutral shot at the subject’s own height, creating a sense of equality.
平视角度：与主体等高的中性镜头，产生平等感。
Over-the-Shoulder Shot: Shows the back of one character’s shoulder and head while focusing on what they see. It puts us in their perspective.
过肩镜头：展示一个角色的肩部和后脑，同时聚焦于他们所看之物。让我们进入他们的视角。
8. Sound and Editing | 声音与剪辑
Diegetic sound comes from a source within the story world, such as characters speaking, footsteps, or a radio playing. Non-diegetic sound is added for the audience only — background music, voiceover, or sound effects the characters cannot hear.
剧情声（画内音）来自故事世界内的声源，如人物说话、脚步声或收音机播放的声音。非剧情声（画外音）仅给观众添加的——背景音乐、画外音或角色听不到的音效。
Memory aid: Diegetic sounds like ‘dialogue’, both start with D. Non-diegetic is ‘Not in the story’. For editing, a cut is an instant switch from one shot to another. A fade gradually goes to black (fade out) or from black (fade in). A dissolve softly blends one shot into the next, often suggesting time passing.
记忆辅助：Diegetic 和 ‘dialogue’ 都以 D 开头。Non-diegetic 就是 ‘Not in the story’（不在故事中）。剪辑方面，切是从一个镜头立即切换到另一个。淡入淡出逐渐变黑（淡出）或从黑幕显现（淡入）。叠化柔和地将一个镜头融入下一个，通常暗示时间流逝。
9. Mise-en-Scène: Setting the Scene | 场面调度：场景布置
Mise-en-scène is a French term meaning ‘placing on stage’. It covers everything you see within the frame: setting, props, costume, hair and makeup, lighting, colour, and the positioning of characters. All these elements work together to create meaning.
场面调度是一个法语词，意为”舞台上的布置”。它涵盖了画面中所见的一切：场景、道具、服装、发型与化妆、灯光、色彩及人物站位。所有这些元素共同创造意义。
Setting: Where and when the scene takes place. Props: Objects characters use. Costume: Clothes that reflect personality or status. Lighting: High-key (bright, low shadows) often used in comedies; low-key (strong shadows, contrast) for thrillers. Colour: Certain colours carry connotations — red for danger or love, blue for calm or sadness. Use the acronym ‘SPLCC’ (Setting, Props, Lighting, Costume, Colour) to remember the five pillars.
场景：故事发生的地点和时间。道具：角色使用的物件。服装：反映个性或地位的衣服。灯光：高调光（明亮、阴影少）常用于喜剧；低调光（强烈阴影、高反差）用于惊悚片。色彩：特定颜色带有隐含义——红色代表危险或爱情，蓝色代表平静或悲伤。用首字母缩写 ‘SPLCC’（场景、道具、灯光、服装、色彩）记住这五大支柱。
10. Quick Memorisation Techniques | 快速记忆技巧总结
Acronyms and Acrostics: Turn the first letters of a list into a memorable word or sentence. For camera angles, ‘HLEO’ (High, Low, Eye, Over-shoulder) becomes “Happy Lions Eat Oranges”.
首字母缩略词与藏头句：将列表的首字母变成一个好记的词或句子。对于拍摄角度，’HLEO’ 可编成 “Happy Lions Eat Oranges”。
Flashcards: Write the term on one side and the definition plus a hand-drawn icon on the other. Review them during short breaks. The physical act of flipping strengthens recall.
闪卡：一面写术语，另一面写定义加一个手绘小图标。利用短暂休息时间复习。翻卡片的动作能强化记忆。
Mind Maps: Place ‘MEDIA’ in the centre, then branch out to Language, Representation, Audience, etc., and add sub-branches for each term. Colour-code each branch.
思维导图：中心写”媒体”，然后分支出语言、再现、受众等，再为每个术语添加子分支。给每个分支用不同颜色标注。
Teach a Friend: Explain a new term to a classmate or family member. If you can teach it clearly, you truly know it. Even recording a 30-second voice note on your phone works.
教给朋友：向同学或家人解释一个新术语。如果你能清楚地教给别人，你就真的懂了。哪怕在手机上录一段 30 秒的语音笔记也有效。
Repetition with Rhythm: Chant tricky definitions to a catchy beat. For example, snap your fingers while saying: “Connotation — the feeling — it — brings!”
有节奏地重复：用朗朗上口的节拍念出难记的定义。比如，打着响指说：”隐含义——它带来——的感觉！”
Published by TutorHao | Media Studies Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导