📚 Year 7 CAIE Physical Education: Vocabulary Quick-Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CAIE 体育：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the right terminology is like learning the secret language of sport. In Year 7 CAIE Physical Education, you’ll hear words like ‘agility’ and ‘cardiovascular endurance’ in every lesson. This guide breaks down key terms into bite-sized chunks, gives you memory tricks, and helps you use them with confidence both in written work and on the field.
掌握正确的术语就像学会运动的秘密语言。在 Year 7 CAIE 体育课上，每节课你都会听到 ‘agility’ 和 ‘cardiovascular endurance’ 这样的词。这篇指南把关键术语拆解成小块，教你记忆技巧，让你在书面作业和运动场上都能自信地使用它们。
1. Essential Movement Vocabulary | 基本动作词汇
Movement words describe how your body travels. ‘Jog’ means a slow, steady run, while ‘sprint’ is a short, fast burst of speed. ‘Leap’ involves taking off from one foot and landing on the other, whereas ‘hop’ means springing off one foot and landing on the same foot. ‘Skip’ is a step-hop combination, and ‘gallop’ is a forward step where the back foot chases the front. Knowing these helps you follow instructions in athletics, dance, and games.
动作词汇描述身体的移动方式。’Jog’ 指缓慢稳定的跑，而 ‘sprint’ 是短距离的爆发性冲刺。’Leap’ 指单脚起跳、另一脚落地，而 ‘hop’ 指单脚起跳、同一只脚落地。’Skip’ 是走步加小跳的组合，’gallop’ 是后脚追赶前脚的前进步伐。理解这些词汇有助于你在田径、舞蹈和球类运动中听从指令。
A simple trick: link each word to a picture. Imagine a sprinter exploding off blocks, or a bunny doing a two-footed hop. Say the word aloud as you perform the action—muscle memory boosts brain memory.
一个简单的技巧：把每个词和一个画面联系起来。想象一位短跑运动员从起跑器上猛冲出去，或者一只兔子双脚跳。一边做动作一边大声说出这个词——肌肉记忆能强化大脑记忆。
2. Core Body Parts for Sport | 运动核心身体部位
Your body is your equipment, so you need to name its parts accurately. The ‘torso’ is the trunk, including the chest and abdomen. ‘Limbs’ are your arms and legs. ‘Core’ muscles—around your stomach and lower back—stabilise everything. Major muscles include ‘quadriceps’ (front thigh), ‘hamstrings’ (back thigh), ‘biceps’ (front upper arm), and ‘triceps’ (back upper arm). Joints like the ‘ankle’, ‘knee’, ‘hip’, ‘shoulder’, ‘elbow’, and ‘wrist’ are movement hotspots.
你的身体就是你的装备，因此你需要准确说出各个部位。’Torso’ 是躯干，包括胸部和腹部。’Limbs’ 是四肢。’Core’ 核心肌群——位于腹部和下背部周围——稳定全身。主要肌肉包括 ‘quadriceps’ 股四头肌（大腿前侧）、’hamstrings’ 腘绳肌（大腿后侧）、’biceps’ 肱二头肌（上臂前侧）和 ‘triceps’ 肱三头肌（上臂后侧）。’ankle’ 踝、’knee’ 膝、’hip’ 髋、’shoulder’ 肩、’elbow’ 肘和 ‘wrist’ 腕等关节是运动的关键枢纽。
Try this chant: “Quads in front, hams behind, biceps curl, triceps unwind.” Point to each muscle as you say it. Draw a stick figure and label it with English terms—visual notes stick longer.
试试这个口诀：”Quads 在前，hams 在后，biceps 弯举，triceps 伸展。” 边念边指向对应的肌肉。画一个火柴人并用英文术语标注——视觉笔记记得更牢。
3. Equipment and Venue Terms | 器材与场地术语
Different sports demand different gear and play areas. A ‘court’ is a marked rectangular area for netball, basketball, and tennis. A ‘pitch’ is a larger grass or artificial surface for football, rugby, and hockey. A ‘field’ is used for athletics and cricket (though cricket also uses a ‘pitch’ for the central strip). Equipment words: ‘racket’ (tennis, badminton), ‘bat’ (cricket, rounders, table tennis), ‘shin guards’ (football), ‘helmet’ (cricket, cycling), and ‘gloves’ (goalkeeper, cricket).
不同运动需要不同的装备和场地。’Court’ 是用于无板篮球、篮球和网球的标线矩形区域。’Pitch’ 是用于足球、橄榄球和曲棍球的较大草地或人造草皮场地。’Field’ 用于田径和板球（不过板球中也将中央条状区域称为 ‘pitch’）。器材词汇：’racket’ 球拍（网球、羽毛球），’bat’ 球板/球棒（板球、圆场棒球、乒乓球），’shin guards’ 护腿板（足球），’helmet’ 头盔（板球、自行车），还有 ‘gloves’ 手套（守门员、板球）。
Use association: “Court is short (smaller, bound by lines), pitch is patch (a patch of grass).” Group equipment by the sport you play—sorting makes it stick.
使用联想法：”Court 短小（较小，有界线），pitch 草地（一片草地）。” 按运动项目把器材归类——分类能让记忆牢固。
4. Rules and Officiating Vocabulary | 规则与裁判术语
Every game has regulations and people who enforce them. A ‘foul’ is an unfair or illegal action. A ‘penalty’ is a punishment, often a free shot or a time in the sin bin. The ‘referee’ controls the game on the pitch (football, rugby), while an ‘umpire’ makes decisions in netball, cricket, and tennis. ‘Offside’ is a rule preventing attackers from gaining an unfair advantage by being too far forward too soon. ‘Free pass’, ‘penalty kick’, and ‘free throw’ are sanctions in different sports.
每项运动都有规则和执行规则的人。’Foul’ 指不公平或违规的动作。’Penalty’ 是一种处罚，通常是罚球或暂时离场。’Referee’ 在场上执裁（足球、橄榄球），而 ‘umpire’ 在无板篮球、板球和网球中做出判罚。’Offside’ 越位规则是为了防止进攻球员过早突前获得不公平优势。’Free pass’ 任意传球、’penalty kick’ 点球和 ‘free throw’ 罚球是不同运动中的制裁手段。
Think of ‘referee’ as roaming with the players, while ‘umpire’ sits or stands at a fixed spot. The word ‘offside’ literally means ‘off your side’—you’ve strayed into forbidden space. Create a table of sports and their officials to compare.
想想 ‘referee’ 跟着球员流动，而 ‘umpire’ 则坐在或站在固定位置。’Offside’ 的字面意思是 ‘离开你的半边’——你误入了禁区。制作一个体育项目和对应裁判员的表格进行对比。
5. Health and Fitness Components | 健康与体能组成
Fitness is more than just being strong. The five health-related components are ‘cardiovascular endurance’ (heart and lungs working over time), ‘muscular strength’ (maximum force), ‘muscular endurance’ (repeating movements without tiring), ‘flexibility’ (range of motion around a joint), and ‘body composition’ (ratio of fat to muscle). Skill-related components include ‘agility’ (changing direction quickly), ‘balance’, ‘coordination’, ‘power’, ‘reaction time’, and ‘speed’.
体能不仅仅意味着强壮。五项健康相关组成是：’cardiovascular endurance’ 心血管耐力（心肺长时间工作的能力）、’muscular strength’ 肌肉力量（最大力量）、’muscular endurance’ 肌肉耐力（反复动作而不疲劳）、’flexibility’ 柔韧性（关节活动范围）以及 ‘body composition’ 身体成分（脂肪与肌肉比例）。技能相关组成包括 ‘agility’ 敏捷（快速变向）、’balance’ 平衡、’coordination’ 协调、’power’ 爆发力、’reaction time’ 反应时和 ‘speed’ 速度。
Mnemonics work wonders: “Can My Monkey Fly Backwards?” (Cardiovascular, Muscular strength, Muscular endurance, Flexibility, Body composition). For skill-related, imagine a football player doing an “ABC PRS”: Agility, Balance, Coordination, Power, Reaction time, Speed.
记忆术效果奇佳：”能我的猴子飞向后吗？” (Cardiovascular, Muscular strength, Muscular endurance, Flexibility, Body composition)。技能相关项，想象一位足球运动员在做 ‘ABC PRS’：Agility, Balance, Coordination, Power, Reaction time, Speed。
6. Sport Names and Classifications | 运动项目名称与分类
The CAIE syllabus covers a broad spectrum. ‘Athletics’ includes track events (sprinting, hurdles, relays) and field events (long jump, high jump, shot put). ‘Gymnastics’ involves floor routines, vaulting, and balance work. ‘Invasion games’ like netball, football, and hockey require teams to invade the opponent’s territory. ‘Net and wall games’ include tennis, badminton, and table tennis. ‘Striking and fielding games’ are cricket, rounders, and softball. ‘Aquatics’ covers swimming strokes and water safety.
CAIE 教学大纲覆盖范围广泛。’Athletics’ 田径包括径赛项目（短跑、跨栏、接力）和田赛项目（跳远、跳高、推铅球）。’Gymnastics’ 体操涉及自由操、跳马和平衡练习。’Invasion games’ 侵入式运动如无板篮球、足球和曲棍球要求队伍攻入对方区域。’Net and wall games’ 网墙类运动包括网球、羽毛球和乒乓球。’Striking and fielding games’ 击打守备类运动有板球、圆场棒球和垒球。’Aquatics’ 水上运动涵盖游泳泳姿和水上安全。
Group sports by their action: do you invade, hit, or perform? Visualise a mind map with branches for each category. Label each branch with the English term and draw a small icon—football for invasion, racket for net/wall, swimmer for aquatics.
按动作类型给运动分组：你是侵入、击打还是表演？想象一个思维导图，每个类别有一个分支。给每个分支标上英文术语并画个小图标——入侵类画足球，网墙类画球拍，水上类画游泳者。
7. Directional and Positional Language | 方向与位置用语
Knowing where to move is crucial in all sports. ‘Clockwise’ is the direction the hands of a clock turn; ‘anticlockwise’ (or counterclockwise) is the opposite. ‘Forward’ and ‘backward’ are front and rear movements. ‘Lateral’ means to the side—think of a crab walking. ‘Diagonal’ is across at an angle. On the field, ‘attack’ is moving towards the goal, ‘defend’ is protecting your own end. ‘Marking’ means guarding a specific opponent.
清楚向哪里移动在所有运动中都至关重要。’Clockwise’ 顺时针是时钟指针转动的方向；’anticlockwise’ 逆时针是相反方向。’Forward’ 向前和 ‘backward’ 向后是前后移动。’Lateral’ 横向——想象螃蟹走路。’Diagonal’ 是对角斜线移动。在场上，’attack’ 进攻是向对方球门移动，’defend’ 防守是保护己方阵地。’Marking’ 盯人指防守特定对手。
Use a clock face to drill clockwise and anticlockwise. For directions, call out commands in PE: “Move laterally left”, “Step forward”. Acting out directions while naming them embeds the vocabulary in your muscle memory.
用钟面来练习顺时针和逆时针。关于方向，在体育课上喊出指令：”向左侧横向移动”，”向前迈步”。一边做动作一边说出方向词汇，能把术语融入肌肉记忆。
8. Training, Practice, and Exercise Terms | 训练、练习与锻炼术语
Every session should start with a ‘warm-up’—light jogging and dynamic stretches to raise heart rate and prepare muscles. The main part contains ‘drills’ (repeated exercises to improve a skill) and ‘conditioned games’ (modified matches focusing on a particular skill). A ‘repetition’ (rep) is one complete movement; a ‘set’ is a group of reps. The session ends with a ‘cool-down’—gentle activity and static stretching to prevent stiffness and remove waste products.
每次训练都应以 ‘warm-up’ 热身开始——慢跑和动态拉伸来提升心率和准备肌肉。主体部分包含 ‘drills’ 技术练习（为提高某项技能而反复做的练习）和 ‘conditioned games’ 限制性比赛（侧重某一技能的改良比赛）。一次 ‘repetition’ 重复动作是完成一整遍动作；一组 ‘set’ 是一连串重复动作。训练以 ‘cool-down’ 整理活动结束——轻度活动和静态拉伸以防僵硬并排除代谢废物。
Relate ‘repetition’ to ‘repeat’—same root. ‘Set’ is a collection, like a set of trading cards. Design your own warm-up card listing five dynamic stretches with their English names; this personalises the vocabulary and makes it practical.
把 ‘repetition’ 和 ‘repeat’ 联系起来——同根词。’Set’ 是一个集合，就像一套集换式卡牌。设计你自己的热身卡，列出五个动态拉伸并写上英文名称；这样既个性化又实用。
9. Nutrition and Hydration Essentials | 营养与水分补充要点
Fueling your body correctly affects performance. ‘Carbohydrates’ (carbs) are the main energy source—think pasta, rice, bread. ‘Protein’ repairs and builds muscle—found in meat, fish, beans. ‘Fats’ provide slow-burning energy and insulation. ‘Hydration’ means taking in enough water; ‘dehydration’ is when the body loses too much fluid, causing fatigue and cramps. ‘Electrolytes’ (sodium, potassium) help nerves and muscles work. ‘Energy balance’ is calories in versus calories out.
正确地给身体补充燃料影响运动表现。’Carbohydrates’ 碳水化合物是主要能量来源——想想意面、米饭、面包。’Protein’ 蛋白质修复和构建肌肉——见于肉类、鱼类、豆类。’Fats’ 脂肪提供持久能量和保温。’Hydration’ 水合作用指摄入足够水分；’dehydration’ 脱水是身体流失过多水分，导致疲劳和抽筋。’Electrolytes’ 电解质（钠、钾）帮助神经和肌肉工作。’Energy balance’ 能量平衡即摄入热量与消耗热量的关系。
Think “carbs = quick fuel, protein = builder bricks”. Remember ‘hydration’ by linking it to ‘hydrant’—a water source. Create a hydration poster: draw a water bottle with the English words ‘Hydrate for performance’ and hang it where you pack your PE kit.
联想 “碳水化合物 = 快速燃料，蛋白质 = 砖块建筑材料”。通过联系 ‘hydrant’ 消防龙头——水源——来记住 ‘hydration’。制作一张补水海报：画一个水瓶，写上英文 ‘Hydrate for performance’，挂在你收拾体育用品的地方。
10. Common Injuries and Safety Protocols | 常见损伤与安全方案
Even careful athletes get hurt. A ‘sprain’ is damage to a ligament (e.g., twisted ankle). A ‘strain’ is overstretching a muscle or tendon. A ‘fracture’ is a crack or break in a bone. ‘Concussion’ is a brain injury from a blow to the head—needs immediate medical help. The first-aid procedure RICE stands for ‘Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation’. ‘PPE’ (Personal Protective Equipment) includes helmets, pads, and goggles. ‘Risk assessment’ checks for hazards before activity.
即使小心的运动员也会受伤。’Sprain’ 扭伤是韧带损伤（如脚踝扭伤）。’Strain’ 拉伤是肌肉或肌腱过度拉伸。’Fracture’ 骨折是骨头裂缝或断裂。’Concussion’ 脑震荡是由头部重击引起的脑损伤——需要立刻就医。急救步骤 RICE 代表 ‘Rest’ 休息、’Ice’ 冰敷、’Compression’ 加压、’Elevation’ 抬高。’PPE’ 个人防护装备包括头盔、护垫和护目镜。’Risk assessment’ 风险评估是在活动前检查隐患。
Distinguish sprain and strain: “sprain = pain in the joint (ligament), strain = pain in the muscle”. For RICE, picture a bag of frozen peas resting on a raised, bandaged ankle. Run through a mock risk assessment in your head before any game—”What could go wrong?”—and name hazards in English.
区分扭伤和拉伤：”sprain = 关节处疼（韧带），strain = 肌肉疼”。关于 RICE，想象一袋冻豌豆放在一个抬高、包扎好的脚踝上。每次比赛前在脑海中快速过一遍模拟风险评估——”What could go wrong?”——并用英文说出隐患。
11. Memory Techniques: Acronyms, Chunking, and Imagery | 记忆技巧：首字母、分块和图像法
Science shows our brains love patterns. ‘Acronyms’ take the first letter of each word to form a new word or sentence, like RICE or ABC PRS. ‘Chunking’ groups information into smaller bits—learn ‘muscles of the leg’ as quadriceps, hamstrings, calves rather than a long list. ‘Imagery’ creates mental pictures; the funnier or stranger the image, the better it sticks. ‘Rhymes and songs’ make dry terms musical—try chanting ‘hamstrings behind, quads in front’ to a beat.
科学表明大脑喜欢模式。’Acronyms’ 首字母缩写法把每个单词的首字母组成新词或句子，如 RICE 或 ABC PRS。’Chunking’ 分块法将信息分成更小的组块——将 ‘腿部肌肉’ 学成 quadriceps、hamstrings、calves 而不是一长串。’Imagery’ 图像法在脑海中创建画面；画面越搞笑或怪异，记得越牢。’Rhymes and songs’ 韵文和歌曲让枯燥术语变得有音乐感——试试用节奏念 ‘hamstrings behind, quads in front’。
Create your own PE glossary page: draw three columns—Term, Definition, Memory Hook. Under ‘agility’, sketch a zigzag arrow and write ‘changing direction like a cat’. Personal hooks are the most powerful. Review your glossary for five minutes daily; spaced repetition locks words into long-term memory.
制作你自己的体育术语表页面：画三栏——Term, Definition, Memory Hook。在 ‘agility’ 下面，画个之字形箭头并写 ‘像猫一样变向’。个性化的记忆钩子最强大。每天复习术语表五分钟；间隔重复能把词汇锁进长期记忆。
12. Practical Application and Testing Yourself | 实际应用与自我测试
The best way to remember sports terms is to use them. During PE, call out instructions to a partner using the English vocabulary: “Sprint to the line, then jog back”. Write coaching tips for a fictional team using terms like ‘warm-up’, ‘drill’, and ‘cool-down’. Play ‘Term charades’—act out a word like ‘leap’ or ‘offside’ while others guess. Keep a ‘PE word of the day’ in your planner and try to use it three times.
记住体育术语的最佳方式是用起来。在体育课上，用英文术语向同伴喊出指令：”Sprint to the line, then jog back”。为一个虚构队伍写训练要点，使用 ‘warm-up’、’drill’ 和 ‘cool-down’ 等词。玩 ‘术语你比我猜’——比划 ‘leap’ 或 ‘offside’ 等词让别人来猜。在你的计划本上记一个 ‘PE word of the day’，并尽可能用上三次。
Testing doesn’t have to be boring. Create flashcards with the English term on one side and the definition on the other—shuffle and quiz a friend. Use free apps to make digital flashcards. Before an assessment, do a ‘brain dump’: write down every term you remember on a blank sheet, then check against this guide. Any missed term becomes your focus for the next five minutes. Consistent, active recall builds exam-ready confidence.
自测不必枯燥。制作一面是英文术语、一面是定义的闪卡——洗牌后考考朋友。使用免费应用制作数字闪卡。评估前，来一次 ‘大脑清仓’：在空白纸上写下你能记住的每个术语，然后对照此指南核对。任何遗漏的术语就成为接下来五分钟的复习重点。持续主动回忆能建立起应对考试的自信。
Published by TutorHao | Physical Education Revision Series | aleveler.com
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