Year 8 CIE Politics: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Guide | Year 8 CIE 政治：词汇术语速记指南

Politics – the activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the debate among individuals or parties having or hoping to achieve power.

政治 – 与治理国家或地区相关的活动，尤指个人或政党之间关于拥有或希望获得权力的辩论。

Government – the group of people with the authority to govern a country or state; the system by which a state or community is controlled.

政府 – 有权治理国家或州的一群人；控制国家或社会的体系。

Power – the ability or capacity to direct or influence the behaviour of others or the course of events.

权力 – 指导或影响他人行为或事件进程的能力。

Authority – the legitimate or accepted right to exercise power, often granted by laws or a constitution.

权威 – 行使权力的合法或被接受的权利，通常由法律或宪法授予。

Democracy – a system of government where the whole population or all eligible members of a state have the opportunity to vote for representatives.

民主 – 全体人民或国家所有合格成员有机会投票选举代表的政治体制。

Autocracy – a system of government in which supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularised mechanisms of popular control.

专制 – 最高权力集中于一人之手的政府体制，其决定不受外部法律约束或民众控制机制的限制。

Monarchy – a form of government with a monarch at the head, such as a king or queen; power is often inherited.

君主制 – 以君主（如国王或女王）为首脑的政府形式；权力通常世袭。

Republic – a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

共和制 – 最高权力由人民及其选举的代表掌握，设有民选或提名的总统而非君主的国家。

Dictatorship – a form of government where a single person or a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations.

独裁 – 单人或小团体拥有绝对权力而没有有效宪法限制的政府形式。

Citizen – a legally recognised subject or national of a state, either native or naturalised, who owes allegiance to that state and is entitled to its protection.

公民 – 法律上承认的一国国民或臣民，无论是土生土长还是归化入籍，效忠国家并有权获得其保护。

Vote – a formal indication of a choice between two or more candidates or courses of action, expressed typically through a ballot or a show of hands.

投票 – 在两名或多名候选人或行动方案之间做出选择的正式表示，通常通过选票或举手表达。

Election – a formal and organised process of voting for a person to hold public office or for a decision on a political issue.

选举 – 投票选举公职人员或就政治议题作出决定的正式有序过程。

Referendum – a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.

公投 – 选民就提交给他们的单一政治问题进行直接决策的普遍投票。

Civil Society – the aggregate of non-governmental organisations and institutions that represent the interests and will of citizens.

公民社会 – 代表公民利益和意愿的非政府组织和机构的总和。

Human Rights – basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death, regardless of nationality, sex, religion, etc.

人权 – 世界上每个人从出生到死亡都拥有的基本权利和自由，不分国籍、性别、宗教等。

Freedom of Speech – the right to express any opinions without censorship or restraint from the government, within the limits of the law.

言论自由 – 在法律范围内，不受政府审查或限制地表达任何意见的权利。

Right to Education – the right of every child to have access to free, compulsory primary education, and to further education available to

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