📚 Year 8 Edexcel Business: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick-Memorisation Guide | 词汇术语速记指南
Mastering business terminology is crucial for Year 8 Edexcel Business students. This guide provides fun and effective memory techniques to help you quickly memorise key terms.
掌握商务术语对于学习Edexcel Year 8商务课程至关重要。本指南提供有趣且有效的记忆技巧，帮助你快速记住关键词汇。
1. The Basics: Goods and Services | 基础概念：商品与服务
Businesses provide either goods or services. Goods are tangible items you can touch, like a smartphone. Services are intangible actions done for you, like a haircut. Remember: Goods = Things (both start with ‘T’), Services = Actions (both end with ‘s’ but think ‘S’ for ‘Service’ and ‘Someone’ doing something).
企业提供商品或服务。商品是可触摸的有形物品，如智能手机。服务是为您执行的无形行为，如理发。记忆技巧：Goods（商品）与 things（物品）首字母都是 T；Services（服务）与 actions（行为）均含字母 s，可联想为”有人（Someone）为您做事”。
Another memory trick: Imagine a “Good” as a present wrapped in a box (physical), and a “Service” as a concert ticket (experience).
另一个记忆窍门：想象”商品”是装在盒子里的礼物（实物），而”服务”就像音乐会门票（体验）。
2. Enterprise and Entrepreneur | 企业与企业家
An entrepreneur is a person who takes risks to start a business. Enterprise refers to the skills and willingness to take those risks. Use the acronym ‘R.I.S.K.’ to remember: Resources, Innovation, Strategy, and Knowledge are all part of enterprise.
企业家是冒着风险创办企业的人。企业精神是指承担风险的技能和意愿。使用首字母缩写 “R.I.S.K.” 来记忆：资源（Resources）、创新（Innovation）、战略（Strategy）和知识（Knowledge）都是企业精神的组成部分。
Think: Entrepreneur = the Person, Enterprise = the Process. ‘EntrepreNEUR’ contains ‘neur’, which sounds like ‘nerve’, showing courage.
联想：企业家（Entrepreneur）是”人”，企业精神（Enterprise）是”过程”。”Entrepreneur” 中含有 “neur”，类似 “nerve”（勇气），体现胆识。
3. Revenue, Costs and Profit | 收入、成本与利润
Revenue is the money a business receives from sales. Costs are the expenses incurred. Profit = Revenue – Costs. Memorise the simple equation:
R – C = P
Think of a pizza shop: Revenue is all money from selling pizzas; Costs are ingredients and rent; Profit is what’s left to take home.
收入是企业从销售中获得的钱。成本是发生的开支。利润 = 收入 – 成本。记住这个简单等式：R – C = P。想象一家披萨店：收入是卖披萨所得的钱；成本是原料和租金；利润是剩下的可带回家的部分。
4. Customers vs Consumers | 顾客与消费者
A customer buys the product; a consumer uses it. They can be the same person, but not always. For example, a parent buying cereal for a child: parent = customer, child = consumer. Memory aid: Customer = Cash (paying), Consumer = Chew (using).
顾客购买产品；消费者使用产品。他们可以是同一个人，但不总是。例如，家长为孩子买麦片：家长是顾客，孩子是消费者。记忆提示：Customer（顾客）以 C 开头，可联想为 Cash（现金支付）；Consumer（消费者）以 C 开头，可联想为 Chew（咀嚼使用）。
5. Stakeholders: Who Cares? | 利益相关者：谁在意？
Stakeholders are individuals or groups affected by a business. Key stakeholders include owners, employees, customers, suppliers, and the local community. Use the acronym ‘O.E.C.S.L.’ (Owners, Employees, Customers, Suppliers, Local community) or imagine a ‘Stakeholder Pie’ with slices for each group.
利益相关者是受企业影响的个人或群体。主要包括所有者、员工、顾客、供应商和当地社区。使用首字母缩写 “O.E.C.S.L.”（所有者、员工、顾客、供应商、当地社区）或想象一个”利益相关者派”，每块代表一个群体。
To remember ‘stake’, think: everyone has a ‘stake’ (interest) in the business like a bet in a card game.
要记住 “stake”，联想每个人在企业中都有”赌注”（利益），就像纸牌游戏中的下注。
6. Market and Demand | 市场与需求
A market is where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods or services. Demand is the quantity consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price. Remember: Market = Meeting place; Demand = Desire + Ability to pay. The Law of Demand: as price goes up, demand goes down.
市场是买卖双方相遇、交换商品或服务的场所。需求是在给定价格下消费者愿意且能够购买的数量。记忆：市场（Market）即会面地点；需求（Demand）= 愿望 + 支付能力。需求定律：价格上升，需求下降。
7. Supply and the Market Price | 供给与市场价格
Supply is the amount producers are willing to offer for sale at a price. Equilibrium price is where supply equals demand. Visualise a seesaw: Supply on one side, Demand on the other. They balance at the market price. To remember: Supplier ‘supplies’ what we ‘need’.
供给是生产者在某个价格下愿意出售的数量。均衡价格是供给等于需求的价格。想象一个跷跷板：一端是供给，一端是需求。它们在市场价格处平衡。记忆：供应者（Supplier）提供我们所需的物品，注意 supply 中含有 “ply”，如 “ply” goods。
8. The Marketing Mix (4Ps) | 营销组合（4P）
The Marketing Mix consists of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. These are the key elements a business controls to attract customers. Memorise the 4Ps as: Product (what you sell), Price (how much), Place (where you sell), Promotion (how you tell). Use the phrase ‘Please Price Place Promo’ or ‘Pizza, Pasta, Place, Promote’.
营销组合包括产品（Product）、价格（Price）、渠道（Place）和促销（Promotion）。这是企业可控制以吸引顾客的关键要素。记住4P：产品（卖什么）、价格（多少钱）、渠道（在哪卖）、促销（如何告知）。可以用口诀：”产品定价选渠道，促销推广不可少”。
A quick story: Imagine you’re selling homemade lemonade. Product = lemonade; Price = £1 per cup; Place = your front garden; Promotion = a sign and free samples.
一个快捷故事：想象你卖自制柠檬水。产品 = 柠檬水；价格 = 每杯1英镑；渠道 = 你家前花园；促销 = 一块招牌和免费品尝。
9. Cash Flow and Budgeting | 现金流与预算
Cash flow is the movement of money in and out of a business. A budget is a financial plan for the future. To recall: ‘Cash’ flows like water; don’t let it dry up! ‘Budget’ comes from the old word for a purse; you plan how to use your money.
现金流是资金进出企业的流动。预算是对未来的财务计划。记忆：”现金”像水一样流动，不要让它干涸！”预算”（budget）源于旧词”皮夹子”，你要规划如何使用金钱。
A cash flow forecast helps predict future cash problems. The table below shows examples:
现金流量预测有助于预见未来的现金问题。下表示例：
| Cash Inflows | Cash Outflows |
|---|---|
| Sales revenue, loans | Rent, wages, raw materials |
现金流入：销售收入、贷款。现金流出：租金、工资、原材料。
Remember: Inflows are ‘in’; outflows are ‘out’. Simple!
记忆：流入是”进”，流出是”出”。很简单！
10. Types of Business Organisation | 企业组织形式
There are different legal structures: Sole trader (one owner), Partnership (2+ owners), Private Limited Company (Ltd). Recall using an ‘ownership ladder’: Alone (Sole), Together (Partnership), Limited liability (Ltd). Key word: ‘Limited liability’ means owners are not personally responsible for all debts.
有不同的法律结构：个体经营者（单一个体）、合伙企业（两个或以上所有者）、私人有限公司（ Ltd ）。用”所有权阶梯”记忆：独自（个体）、一起（合伙）、有限责任（有限公司）。关键词：”有限责任”意味着所有者不以个人财产承担全部债务。
Sole trader: all profit kept, but unlimited liability. Partnership: shared decisions, shared risk. Ltd: separate legal identity, can sell shares privately.
个体经营者：赚取全部利润，但无限责任。合伙企业：共同决策，共担风险。有限公司：独立法人，可私下出售股份。
Published by TutorHao | Business Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导