Year 8 WJEC Music: Rapid Terminology Recall Guide | Year 8 WJEC 音乐：术语速记指南

📚 Year 8 WJEC Music: Rapid Terminology Recall Guide | Year 8 WJEC 音乐：术语速记指南

Mastering musical terminology is like learning the language of music itself. In WJEC Year 8 Music, you will encounter a range of Italian and English terms that describe how music sounds, feels, and is structured. This rapid recall guide breaks down the essential vocabulary into bite-sized categories, with memory tricks to help you remember them forever. Whether you are analysing a piece or composing your own, these terms will give you the power to express your musical ideas with precision and confidence.

掌握音乐术语就像学习音乐的语言。在 WJEC 八年级音乐课程中，你会遇到一系列描述音乐听感、感觉和结构的意大利语和英语词汇。这份速记指南将核心词汇分解为小块分类，并附上记忆技巧，帮助你永久记住它们。无论你是在分析乐曲还是自己作曲，这些术语都能让你精准自信地表达音乐创意。

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1. Dynamics – The Volume Spectrum | 力度——音量谱系

Dynamics indicate how loudly or softly music is played. They are usually written as abbreviations in Italian, appearing just below the stave. Remember: the more letters in the abbreviation, the more extreme the volume.

力度标记表示音乐演奏的响度程度，通常以意大利语缩写形式标记在五线谱下方。记住：缩写中的字母越多，音量越极端。

Pianissimo (pp) – very soft. Imagine a tiny mouse tiptoeing across the piano keys. The double ‘p’ stands for ‘piano piano’ (very quiet). Visualise two tiny ‘p’s as two soft pillows muffling the sound.

极弱 (pp) – 非常轻柔。想象一只小老鼠踮着脚尖走过琴键。双 ‘p’ 代表 ‘piano piano’（非常安静）。把两个 ‘p’ 想象成两个柔软的枕头压住了声音。

Piano (p) – soft. The word ‘piano’ originally means ‘soft’ in Italian. A single ‘p’ is a gentle whisper. Think of a calm sea – ‘p’ for placid.

弱 (p) – 轻柔。’piano’ 这个词在意大利语中本来就是“柔和”的意思。单个 ‘p’ 代表轻声细语。联想起风平浪静的大海 – ‘p’ 也是平静 (peaceful)。

Mezzo-piano (mp) – moderately soft. ‘Mezzo’ means half, so mp is half-soft, like a conversation in a library. ‘mezzo’ sounds like ‘medium’ – just in the middle.

中弱 (mp) – 中等轻柔。’Mezzo’ 意为一半，所以 mp 是半柔，像图书馆里的交谈声。’mezzo’ 听着像 ‘medium’，刚好在中间。

Mezzo-forte (mf) – moderately loud. Half-loud, like a confident speaking voice. Picture a ‘medium fire’ – warm but not a blaze.

中强 (mf) – 中等响亮。一半的响亮，像自信的说话声。想象一团 ‘medium fire’ – 温暖但不炽烈。

Forte (f) – loud. ‘Forte’ means strong. Picture a fortress (‘fort’) of sound. One ‘f’ stands for a firm, bold statement.

强 (f) – 响亮。’Forte’ 意为强壮。想象一座声音的堡垒 (fort)。单个 ‘f’ 代表坚定而大胆的宣言。

Fortissimo (ff) – very loud. Double ‘f’ like a roaring lion. Imagine two fierce fortresses booming out sound together.

极强 (ff) – 非常响亮。双 ‘f’ 犹如咆哮的雄狮。想象两座威猛的堡垒同时发出巨响。

Crescendo (cresc.) – gradually getting louder. The hairpin symbol ‘<' opens up like a pair of widening ears. Think 'growing' gradually.

渐强 (cresc.) – 逐渐变响亮。渐强记号 ‘<' 像一双逐渐张开的耳朵。想想 'growing'（生长）这个单词，声音慢慢长大。

Diminuendo (dim.) – gradually getting softer. The symbol ‘>’ narrows like closing your voice to a whisper. ‘Dim’ means to fade the lights – here you ‘dim’ the sound.

渐弱 (dim.) – 逐渐变轻柔。渐弱记号 ‘>’ 收窄，如同把声音收至耳语。’Dim’ 可以联想到灯光调暗，这里是把声音’调暗’。

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2. Tempo – The Speed of Music | 速度——音乐的速率

Tempo terms tell you how fast or slow a piece should feel. They are often written in Italian at the start of a score. To memorise them, connect each word to a physical action or emotion.

速度术语告诉你一首乐曲应当弹得多快或多慢，通常写在乐谱开头。要记住它们，可以把每个词联系到一种身体动作或情绪。

Largo – very slow and broad. Imagine a large, heavy tortoise moving across a field. ‘Largo’ resembles ‘large’ – taking up large, spacious time.

广板 (Largo) – 极缓慢而宽广。想象一只庞大沉重的乌龟在田野中挪动。’Largo’ 和 ‘large’ 相似，意味着时间被拉得很长很宽。

Adagio – slow and stately. Think of a graceful swan gliding. ‘Adagio’ sounds like ‘at ease, yo!’ – relaxed and unhurried.

柔板 (Adagio) – 缓慢而庄严。想象一只优雅的天鹅在滑行。’Adagio’ 听起来像 ‘at ease, yo!’ – 放松从容。

Andante – at a walking pace. ‘Andante’ comes from the Italian ‘andare’ (to walk). Picture someone strolling through a park.

行板 (Andante) – 步行的速度。’Andante’ 来源于意大利语 ‘andare’（行走）。想象有人在公园里漫步。

Moderato – moderate speed. ‘Moderato’ contains ‘moderate’. Not too fast, not too slow – like a steady bicycle ride.

中板 (Moderato) – 中速。’Moderato’ 里面包含了 ‘moderate’（适中的）。不快不慢，像匀速骑车。

Allegro – fast, lively, and cheerful. ‘Allegro’ links to ‘allegro’ in ‘allegro tempo’, but remember it by ‘a leg goes running fast!’

快板 (Allegro) – 快速、活泼、欢快。用 ‘a leg goes running’（一条腿在快跑）来记忆 – 跑得飞快。

Presto – very fast. Think of a magician saying ‘Presto!’ and the trick happens instantly. Presto = presto, like ‘ready, set, go!’

急板 (Presto) – 非常快。想象魔术师说 ‘Presto!’ 戏法马上发生。Presto 像 ‘ready, set, go!’ 一样急速。

Accelerando (accel.) – gradually getting faster. Sounds like ‘accelerate’ – pressing the accelerator on a car. The music speeds up.

渐快 (accel.) – 逐渐加快。听起来像 ‘accelerate’（加速）– 踩下汽车油门，音乐流淌得更快。

Ritardando (rit.) – gradually getting slower. ‘Ritard’ sounds like ‘retard’ (delay). Imagine a train slowly braking into a station.

渐慢 (rit.) – 逐渐变慢。’Ritard’ 听起来像 ‘retard’（延迟）。想象一列火车缓缓进站刹车。

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3. Articulation – How Notes Are Played | 演奏法——音符如何奏出

Articulation tells performers how to attack or shape each note. These markings add character and clarity to a melody.

演奏法指导演奏者如何触键或修饰每个音符。这些记号能为旋律增添性格与清晰度。

Staccato – short and detached. Indicated by a dot above or below the note. Think of touching a hot surface – you pull away quickly. The dot is like a jumping bean, it bounces off.

断奏 (Staccato) – 短促分离。音符上方或下方有一个点。想象碰到烫的东西立刻缩手。那个点就像跳跳豆，弹开音符。

Legato – smooth and connected. Shown with a slur (curved line). Imagine your fingers gliding like a skater making smooth, continuous curves.

连奏 (Legato) – 平滑连贯。用一条连线（弧线）表示。想象你的手指像滑冰者一样流畅地划出连续的弧线。

Accent – a note played with extra force. Marked with a ‘>’ above the note. Picture a heavy foot stomping the ground to emphasise a beat. ‘Accent’ like an exclamation point!

重音 (Accent) – 用额外力度演奏的音。记号是音符上方的 ‘>’。想象一只脚重重跺地来强调节拍。’Accent’ 就像感叹号！

Tenuto – hold the note for its full value, slightly stressed. Shown with a short line above or below the note. Think of ‘tenuto’ as ‘tenacious’ – you hold on firmly.

保持音 (Tenuto) – 保持音符全部时值，略有强调。记号是音符上方或下方的短横线。把 ‘tenuto’ 想成 ‘tenacious’（紧握不放）– 稳稳地按住。

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4. Pitch & Melody – The Tune’s Shape | 音高与旋律——曲调的形状

Melody is a sequence of pitches that we hum or sing. Understanding pitch and melodic shape helps you describe the contour of a tune.

旋律是我们哼唱的一串音高。理解音高与旋律形态能帮你描述曲调的轮廓。

Sharp (♯) – raises a note by a semitone. Think of a sharp object pushing the pitch upwards. The symbol looks like a little ladder climbing up.

升号 (♯) – 将一个音升高半音。想象尖锐的物体把音推高。这个符号看起来像小梯子往上爬。

Flat (♭) – lowers a note by a semitone. The symbol resembles a small ‘b’ that bends downwards. Think of a flat tyre going soft and low.

降号 (♭) – 将一个音降低半音。符号像一个弯下去的小写 ‘b’。想象车胎瘪了，变扁变低。

Natural (♮) – cancels a previous sharp or flat. It looks like a little square with a stick. Think ‘neutral’ – back to the original note.

还原号 (♮) – 取消前面的升号或降号。看起来像带柄的小方块。想到 ‘neutral’（中立）– 回到原本的音。

Octave – the distance between two notes with the same letter name, one higher or lower. ‘Oct’ means eight, like an octopus with eight legs. There are eight notes in a diatonic octave.

八度 – 两个音名相同但音高不同的音之间的距离。’Oct’ 表示八，像有八条腿的章鱼。自然音阶里有八个音级。

Conjunct motion – melody moves by step (next-door notes). Imagine a person walking step-by-step. Conjunct = joined steps.

级进 – 旋律以步进方式移动（相邻的音）。想象一个人一步步走路。级进就是一步一步紧挨着移动。

Disjunct motion – melody moves by leaps (jumping over notes). Think of a frog jumping from lily pad to lily pad. ‘Disjunct’ suggests disconnected leaps.

跳进 – 旋律以跳越方式移动（跳过一个或多个音）。想象青蛙从一片睡莲跳向另一片。’跳进’ 就是不连贯的跨越。

Sequence – a melodic pattern repeated at a higher or lower pitch. Think of a musical ‘copy and paste’ but shifted up or down. Sequences build momentum.

模进 – 一段旋律模式在更高或更低的音上重复。想象音乐里的“复制粘贴”并上下移位。模进能营造推进感。

Ostinato – a persistently repeated musical phrase or rhythm. The word sounds like ‘obstinate’ – stubbornly repeating. The bass line in many pop songs is an ostinato.

固定音型 (Ostinato) – 执着重复的乐句或节奏。这个词听起来像 ‘obstinate’（固执的）– 顽固地不断重复。流行歌里的许多贝斯线条就是固定音型。

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5. Harmony & Tonality – The Colour of Chords | 和声与调性——和弦的色彩

Harmony is the vertical stacking of notes to create chords, while tonality refers to the overall key centre. These elements give music its emotional flavour.

和声是音符的纵向堆叠构成和弦，而调性则关乎整体的调中心。这些元素赋予音乐情感色彩。

Chord – two or more notes played together. Think of a ‘chord’ as a family of notes holding hands. A simple chord can sound happy or sad.

和弦 – 两个或以上音同时奏响。想象一群音符手拉手组成家庭。一个简单的和弦能听出快乐或悲伤。

Triad – a three-note chord built in thirds (root, third, fifth). ‘Tri’ means three, like a tricycle. Triads are the building blocks of Western harmony.

三和弦 – 由三度堆叠构成的三音和弦（根音、三音、五音）。’Tri’ 表示三，像三轮车。三和弦是西方和声的基石。

Major – a bright, happy sounding chord or key. Think ‘major happy’ – like a major celebration. The interval between root and third is larger (major third).

大调/大三和弦 – 明亮、欢快的音响。想到 ‘major happy’（盛大的欢乐）。根音到三音的距离是大三度。

Minor – a sad, serious, or darker sound. Connect ‘minor’ to ‘miner’ working underground – a bit gloomy. The interval between root and third is smaller (minor third).

小调/小三和弦 – 忧伤、严肃或暗淡的音响。把 ‘minor’ 联系到在地底下工作的矿工 (miner) – 有点阴沉。根音到三音的距离是小三度。

Dissonance – a clashing, tense combination of notes that wants to resolve. Imagine stepping on a cat’s tail – you feel the tension. Dissonance creates excitement.

不协和 – 刺耳、紧张的音响组合，需要解决。想象不小心踩到猫尾巴 – 你能感到那种紧张。不协和制造悬疑。

Consonance – a pleasant, stable harmony. Think ‘harmony is constant’ when notes agree peacefully. Consonance feels like a deep breath after tension.

协和 – 悦耳、稳定的和声。音符和平共处则和声恒定。协和像是紧张之后的深呼吸。

Key – the scale that a piece is based on. The key signature tells you which sharps or flats are used. Think of a ‘key’ unlocking the pitch map.

调 – 乐曲所基于的音阶。调号告诉你使用哪些升号或降号。想象一把 ‘key’（钥匙）打开了音高地图。

Modulation – a change of key within a piece. Imagine a car shifting gears during a journey. Modulation adds variety and journey-like energy.

转调 – 乐曲进行中调性的改变。想象汽车在旅途中换挡。转调增添变化感和旅程般的动力。

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6. Structure & Form – The Blueprint | 结构与曲式——蓝图

Structure is how a piece of music is organised into sections. Recognising patterns like AB or ABA helps you map out what you hear.

结构是乐曲被组织成段落的方式。识别 AB 或 ABA 这样的模式能帮你画出听觉地图。

Binary Form (AB) – two contrasting sections. A ‘binary star’ system has two suns. Section A is followed by a different Section B. Often used in Baroque dance suites.

二部曲式 (AB) – 两个对比段落。双星系统有两颗恒星。A 段后跟随不同的 B 段。常见于巴洛克舞曲组曲。

Ternary Form (ABA) – three sections: A, contrasting B, then A returns. Think of an ‘ABA’ sandwich – bread, filling, bread. The return brings a sense of home.

三部曲式 (ABA) – 三个段落：A、对比性的 B、再回到 A。想象 ABA 三明治 – 面包、馅料、面包。再现带来回家的感觉。

Rondo Form (ABACA) – a recurring A section alternates with contrasting episodes. Visualise a roundabout: A keeps coming around. A is the main ‘ritornello’.

回旋曲式 (ABACA) – 不断回归的 A 段与对比的插部交替。想象一个环岛：A 段一次次转回来。A 就是主部。

Verse-Chorus Form – common in pop songs. Verses tell the story, chorus is the catchy repeated hook. The structure is like a conversation with a memorable refrain.

主歌–副歌形式 – 流行歌曲常用。主歌叙事，副歌是朗朗上口的重复段。结构就像一段对话加上令人难忘的叠句。

Introduction – the opening section before the main music begins. Think of an intro as a musical ‘hello’ setting the mood.

引子 – 主要音乐开始前的开头部分。把引子想成音乐里的“你好”，铺垫氛围。

Coda – a concluding passage that brings a piece to an end. ‘Coda’ means ‘tail’ in Italian. It’s the final full stop that wraps everything up nicely.

尾声 (Coda) – 用于结束乐曲的结尾段落。

Published by TutorHao | Year 8 音乐 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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