Year 8 CAIE Physical Education: Vocabulary Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 8 CAIE 体育：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 8 CAIE Physical Education: Vocabulary Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 8 CAIE 体育：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering the key vocabulary in Physical Education is essential for Year 8 CAIE students to understand theory, perform well in assessments, and communicate effectively about health and fitness. This guide provides clear definitions and handy memory tricks to help you quickly recall important PE terms.

掌握体育学科的关键词汇对于 Year 8 CAIE 学生理解理论、在评估中取得好成绩以及有效交流健康与健身信息至关重要。本指南提供清晰的定义和实用的记忆技巧，帮助你快速记住重要的体育术语。

1. Health-Related Fitness Components | 健康相关体能要素

Cardiovascular Endurance – the ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen to working muscles during prolonged exercise.

心血管耐力 – 心脏、肺和血管在长时间运动中为工作肌肉供氧的能力。

Muscular Strength – the maximum amount of force a muscle or muscle group can exert in a single contraction.

肌肉力量 – 肌肉或肌群单次收缩时能产生的最大力量。

Muscular Endurance – the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions over time without fatigue.

肌肉耐力 – 肌肉或肌群在长时间内重复收缩而不疲劳的能力。

Flexibility – the range of motion available at a joint.

柔韧性 – 关节的活动范围。

Body Composition – the ratio of fat mass to lean mass (muscle, bone, organs) in the body.

身体成分 – 身体中脂肪重量与瘦体重（肌肉、骨骼、器官）的比例。

Memory Trick: Use the phrase “My Mother’s Fantastic Cooking Brings” to recall Muscular strength, Muscular endurance, Flexibility, Cardiovascular endurance, Body composition.

记忆窍门：用句子“My Mother’s Fantastic Cooking Brings”来记住肌肉力量、肌肉耐力、柔韧性、心血管耐力和身体成分。

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2. Skill-Related Fitness Components | 技能相关体能要素

Agility – the ability to change direction quickly and accurately while maintaining control.

敏捷性 – 在保持控制的同时快速准确地改变方向的能力。

Balance – the ability to keep the body stable whether still (static) or moving (dynamic).

平衡 – 保持身体稳定的能力，包括静止（静态）或运动（动态）中。

Coordination – the ability to use two or more body parts together smoothly and efficiently.

协调性 – 两个或以上身体部位流畅高效地协同工作的能力。

Power – the product of strength and speed; the ability to exert maximum force in the shortest time.

爆发力 – 力量与速度的乘积；在最短时间内发挥最大力量的能力。

Reaction Time – the time taken to respond to a stimulus.

反应时 – 对刺激做出反应所需的时间。

Speed – the ability to move all or part of the body quickly.

速度 – 快速移动全身或身体部分的能力。

Memory Trick: “Angry Birds Cause Pigs Really Smash” gives you the initial letters: Agility, Balance, Coordination, Power, Reaction time, Speed.

记忆窍门：“Angry Birds Cause Pigs Really Smash”（愤怒的小鸟让猪们砸碎）给出首字母：敏捷性、平衡、协调、爆发力、反应时、速度。

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3. Skeletal System: Major Bones | 骨骼系统：主要骨骼

Skull – the bone structure of the head that protects the brain.

头骨 – 保护大脑的头部骨骼结构。

Clavicle – collarbone; connects the arm to the body.

锁骨 – 连接手臂与身体的骨骼。

Scapula – shoulder blade; provides attachment for many muscles.

肩胛骨 – 为许多肌肉提供附着点的片状骨。

Sternum – breastbone; protects the heart and lungs at the front.

胸骨 – 胸前保护心脏和肺的骨骼。

Ribs – a cage of bones that protect the organs in the chest.

肋骨 – 保护胸腔器官的骨笼。

Humerus – the single long bone in the upper arm.

肱骨 – 上臂的单根长骨。

Radius – the thumb-side bone of the forearm.

桡骨 – 前臂拇指侧的骨骼。

Ulna – the little-finger-side bone of the forearm.

尺骨 – 前臂小指侧的骨骼。

Pelvis – the hip bone; supports the spine and attaches the legs.

骨盆 – 髋骨；支撑脊柱并连接双腿。

Femur – the longest bone in the body, located in the thigh.

股骨 – 人体最长的骨骼，位于大腿。

Patella – the kneecap; protects the knee joint.

髌骨 – 膝盖骨；保护膝关节。

Tibia – the larger, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.

胫骨 – 小腿中较大、承重的骨骼。

Fibula – the thin, non-weight-bearing bone beside the tibia.

腓骨 – 胫骨旁较细、不承重的骨骼。

Memory Trick: Group bones by body region – head: Skull; trunk: Clavicle, Scapula, Sternum, Ribs, Pelvis; arms: Humerus, Radius, Ulna; legs: Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula. Visualising the skeleton from top to bottom helps chain them together.

记忆窍门：按身体区域分组——头部：头骨；躯干：锁骨、肩胛骨、胸骨、肋骨、骨盆；手臂：肱骨、桡骨、尺骨；腿部：股骨、髌骨、胫骨、腓骨。从上到下想象骨架有助于串联记忆。

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4. Muscular System: Key Muscles | 肌肉系统：关键肌肉

Biceps – the muscle on the front of the upper arm that flexes the elbow.

肱二头肌 – 上臂前侧使肘部屈曲的肌肉。

Triceps – the muscle on the back of the upper arm that extends the elbow.

肱三头肌 – 上臂后侧使肘部伸展的肌肉。

Deltoid – the rounded muscle covering the shoulder; lifts the arm sideways.

三角肌 – 覆盖肩部的圆形肌肉；使手臂侧举。

Pectorals – the large chest muscles that help push movements.

胸肌 – 帮助推动动作的大块胸部肌肉。

Abdominals – the core muscles in the front of the abdomen; stabilise the trunk.

腹肌 – 腹部前侧的核心肌肉；稳定躯干。

Quadriceps – the group of four muscles on the front of the thigh; extend the knee.

股四头肌 – 大腿前侧的四个肌肉群；伸展膝盖。

Hamstrings – the muscles on the back of the thigh; flex the knee and extend the hip.

腘绳肌 – 大腿后侧的肌肉群；屈膝和伸髋。

Gastrocnemius – the large calf muscle that points the toes downward.

腓肠肌 – 小腿后侧的大块肌肉，使脚尖向下。

Gluteals – the buttock muscles; extend and rotate the hip.

臀肌 – 臀部肌肉；伸展和旋转髋部。

Latissimus Dorsi –

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