📚 Year 9 CCEA Chinese: Core Knowledge Summary | Year 9 CCEA 中文：核心知识点梳理
This article summarises the essential knowledge for Year 9 CCEA Chinese, covering pronunciation, everyday topics, basic grammar and cultural notes. It is designed to help you build a solid foundation in listening, speaking, reading and writing as you prepare for Key Stage 3 assessments.
本文梳理了 Year 9 CCEA 中文课程的核心知识点，涵盖发音、日常话题、基础语法和文化小贴士。旨在帮助你在听说读写中建立扎实的基本功，为关键阶段 3 的测试做好充分准备。
1. Pronunciation and Pinyin | 发音与拼音
Pinyin uses the Latin alphabet to represent Mandarin sounds. It is made up of initials (consonants), finals (vowels) and tones.
拼音采用拉丁字母表示普通话发音，由声母、韵母和声调三部分组成。
The four main tones are: first tone (high level, e.g. mā), second tone (rising, e.g. má), third tone (falling-rising, e.g. mǎ) and fourth tone (falling, e.g. mà). A neutral tone is light and short.
四个主要声调为：第一声（高平，如 mā）、第二声（上扬，如 má）、第三声（先降后升，如 mǎ）和第四声（下降，如 mà）。轻声则又轻又短。
When two third tones appear together, the first one changes to the second tone in actual speech, e.g. nǐ hǎo is pronounced ‘ní hǎo’.
两个三声相连时，第一个三声在实际发音中会变成二声，如“你好”读作 ‘ní hǎo’。
Special sounds include the ü sound (like the French ‘u’ or German ‘ü’) and retroflex initials zh, ch, sh, r, which require curling the tongue back.
特殊发音包括 ü（类似法语 ‘u’）以及翘舌声母 zh、ch、sh、r，发音时需卷起舌尖。
2. Greetings and Introductions | 问候与自我介绍
Common greetings: Nǐ hǎo (Hello), Nǐ hǎo ma? (How are you?), Zǎo (Morning), Wǎn’ān (Good night), Zàijiàn (Goodbye).
常用问候语：你好、你好吗？、早、晚安、再见。
When introducing yourself, you can say: Wǒ jiào … (My name is …), Wǒ shì … (I am …), Wǒ … suì (I am … years old), Wǒ shì Yīngguó rén (I am British).
自我介绍时可以说：我叫……、我是……、我……岁、我是英国人。
It is polite to ask: Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? (What’s your name?), Nǐ jǐ suì? (How old are you?), Nǐ shì nǎ guó rén? (Which country are you from?).
礼貌的提问有：你叫什么名字？、你几岁？、你是哪国人？
Remember to use the measure word ‘gè’ when talking about people: Wǒ yǒu liǎng gè jiějie (I have two older sisters).
谈论人物时记得使用量词“个”：我有两个姐姐。
3. Family and Friends | 家庭与朋友
Key family members: bàba (dad), māma (mum), gēge (older brother), dìdi (younger brother), jiějie (older sister), mèimei (younger sister), yéye (grandpa), nǎinai (grandma).
主要家庭成员：爸爸、妈妈、哥哥、弟弟、姐姐、妹妹、爷爷、奶奶。
To describe family, use ‘yǒu’ (have) and ‘méiyǒu’ (do not have): Wǒ yǒu yī gè gēge, méiyǒu jiějie (I have one older brother, no older sister).
描述家庭时使用“有”和“没有”：我有一个哥哥，没有姐姐。
Adjectives can be added before the noun with ‘de’: piàoliang de māma (pretty mum), gāo de bàba (tall dad). Remember adjective predicate sentences like ‘Wǒ māma hěn piàoliang’ (My mum is very pretty) do not use ‘shì’.
形容词加“的”可放在名词前：漂亮的妈妈、高的爸爸。记住形容词谓语句如“我妈妈很漂亮”不用“是”。
For friends, use words like péngyou (friend), hǎo péngyou (good friend), tóngxué (classmate). Say: Tā shì wǒ de hǎo péngyou (He/she is my good friend).
朋友相关词汇：朋友、好朋友、同学。可以说：他/她是我的好朋友。
4. Numbers, Dates and Time | 数字、日期和时间
Numbers 0–10: líng, yī, èr, sān, sì, wǔ, liù, qī, bā, jiǔ, shí. Then combine: shíyī (11), èrshí (20), sānshíyī (31), etc. 100 is yībǎi.
数字 0–10：零、一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。再组合：十一、二十、三十一等。一百是 yībǎi。
When saying ‘two’ with a measure word, use ‘liǎng’ instead of ‘èr’: liǎng gè rén (two people), liǎng běn shū (two books).
与量词连用时，“二”要变成“两”：两个人、两本书。
Dates: year is nián, month is yuè, day is hào or rì. 2024 is èr líng èr sì nián. Say: Jīntiān shì èr líng èr sì nián wǔ yuè shí hào (Today is 10th May 2024). Days of the week: xīngqī + number, e.g. xīngqīyī (Monday).
日期：年、月、号/日。2024 年读作 èr líng èr sì nián。今天日期：今天是 2024 年 5 月 10 号。星期：星期 + 数字，如星期一。
Telling time: diǎn (o’clock), fēn (minute), miǎo (second). Xiànzài jǐ diǎn? (What time is it now?). Answer: Liǎng diǎn bàn (2:30), Sān diǎn shí fēn (3:10), etc. Half is bàn, quarter is kè.
时间表达：点、分、秒。现在几点？回答：两点半、三点十分。半是 bàn，刻是 kè。
5. Daily Routines and Hobbies | 日常活动与爱好
Daily activities: qǐchuáng (get up), xǐliǎn (wash face), shuāyá (brush teeth), chī zǎofàn (eat breakfast), shàngxué (go to school), huíjiā (go home), zuò zuòyè (do homework), shuìjiào (sleep).
日常活动：起床、洗脸、刷牙、吃早饭、上学、回家、做作业、睡觉。
Use time expressions before the verb: Wǒ měitiān qī diǎn qǐchuáng (I get up at 7 o’clock every day). Wǒ māma jīngcháng yùndòng (My mum often exercises).
时间状语放在动词前：我每天七点起床。我妈妈经常运动。
Hobbies: kàn diànyǐng (watch movies), tīng yīnyuè (listen to music), wán diànnǎo (play computer), dǎ lánqiú (play basketball), kàn shū (read books). To say ‘like’, use xǐhuan: Wǒ xǐhuan kàn shū (I like reading).
爱好：看电影、听音乐、玩电脑、打篮球、看书。用“喜欢”表达喜好：我喜欢看书。
To express ability, use huì (can, know how to): Wǒ huì shuō yīdiǎnr Zhōngwén (I can speak a little Chinese). Wǒ bù huì yóuyǒng (I cannot swim).
表示能力用“会”：我会说一点儿中文。我不会游泳。
6. School Life and Subjects | 学校生活与科目
School vocabulary: xuéxiào (school), jiàoshì (classroom), lǎoshī (teacher), tóngxué (classmate), shū (book), kè (lesson), gōngkè (homework).
学校词汇：学校、教室、老师、同学、书、课、功课。
Subjects: shùxué (maths), Yīngyǔ (English), kēxué (science), lìshǐ (history), dìlǐ (geography), tǐyù (PE), yīnyuè (music), Zhōngwén (Chinese). Use ‘shàng’ plus subject to say you have a class: Wǒmen jīntiān shàng Zhōngwén kè (We have Chinese class today).
科目：数学、英语、科学、历史、地理、体育、音乐、中文。用“上”+ 科目表示上课：我们今天上中文课。
Describe your timetable: Wǒ zuì xǐhuan shùxué, yīnwèi hěn yǒuqù (I like maths most because it is very interesting). Wǒ bù xǐhuan lìshǐ, yīnwèi tài nán le (I don’t like history because it is too difficult).
描述课程表：我最喜欢数学，因为它很有趣。我不喜欢历史，因为它太难了。
Classroom instructions: Qǐng jìn (please come in), Qǐng kàn hēibǎn (please look at the board), Qǐng gēn wǒ dú (please read after me), Bǎ shū dǎkāi (Open your books).
课堂用语：请进、请看黑板、请跟我读、把书打开。
7. Food, Drink and Ordering | 食物、饮料与点餐
Common food and drink: fàn (rice), miàntiáo (noodles), jī (chicken), yú (fish), shuǐguǒ (fruit), shūcài (vegetables), chá (tea), kělè (cola), shuǐ (water), niúnǎi (milk).
常见食物与饮料：饭、面条、鸡、鱼、水果、蔬菜、茶、可乐、水、牛奶。
When ordering, use ‘yào’ or ‘diǎn’: Wǒ yào yī wǎn miàntiáo (I want a bowl of noodles), Wǒ diǎn yī píng shuǐ (I order a bottle of water). Measure words are important: wǎn (bowl), píng (bottle), bēi (cup/glass), kuài (piece).
点餐时用“要”或“点”：我要一碗面条、我点一瓶水。量词：碗、瓶、杯、块。
Express likes and dislikes: Wǒ xǐhuan chī Zhōngguó cài (I like eating Chinese food), Wǒ bù xǐhuan kǔ de dōngxi (I don’t like bitter things). Tài hǎochī le! (It’s so delicious!).
表达好恶：我喜欢吃中国菜、我不喜欢苦的东西。太好吃了！
Useful phrases: Qǐng gěi wǒ… (Please give me…), Duōshao qián? (How much?), Mǎidān (Bill/check). Remember to say ‘xièxie’ (thank you) and ‘bù kèqì’ (you’re welcome).
实用表达：请给我……、多少钱？、买单。记得说“谢谢”和“不客气”。
8. Weather and Seasons | 天气与季节
Seasons: chūntiān (spring), xiàtiān (summer), qiūtiān (autumn), dōngtiān (winter). Add ‘hěn’ + adjective to describe: hěn rè (very hot), hěn lěng (very cold), hěn nuǎnhuo (warm), hěn liángkuai (cool).
季节：春天、夏天、秋天、冬天。用“很”+ 形容词描述：很热、很冷、很暖和、很凉快。
Weather terms: tiānqì (weather), qíngtiān (sunny), yīn tiān (cloudy), xià yǔ (rain), xià xuě (snow), guā fēng (windy). Ask: Jīntiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng? (How is the weather today?).
天气词汇：天气、晴天、阴天、下雨、下雪、刮风。问：今天天气怎么样？
You can combine: Xiàtiān tiānqì hěn rè, jīngcháng xià yǔ (In summer the weather is very hot and it often rains). Wǒ xǐhuan xià xuě de dōngtiān (I like snowy winters).
可以组合：夏天天气很热，经常下雨。我喜欢下雪的冬天。
Use ‘yào … le’ to indicate something is about to happen: Tiān yào xià yǔ le (It is going to rain). Remember to wear suitable clothes, e.g. chuān yǔyī (wear a raincoat).
用“要……了”表示即将发生：天要下雨了。记得穿合适的衣服，如穿雨衣。
9. Shopping, Money and Colours | 购物、货币与颜色
Colours: hóngsè (red), lán sè (blue), lǜ sè (green), huáng sè (yellow), bái sè (white), hēi sè (black). With a noun, drop ‘sè’ in casual speech: hóng chènshān (red shirt).
颜色：红色、蓝色、绿色、黄色、白色、黑色。与名词搭配时口语常省去“色”：红衬衫。
Shopping phrases: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi… (I would like to buy…), Zhè ge duōshao qián? (How much is this?), Tài guì le! (Too expensive!), Piányi yīdiǎnr ba (A bit cheaper, please).
购物用语：我想买……、这个多少钱？、太贵了！、便宜一点儿吧。
Chinese currency: rénmínbì (RMB), yuán (yuan), jiǎo (jiao), fēn (fen). One yuán equals ten jiǎo. Price example: Wǔ kuài sān máo (5.30 yuan). In spoken Chinese, ‘kuài’ and ‘máo’ are more common than ‘yuán’ and ‘jiǎo’.
中国货币：人民币、元、角、分。一元等于十角。价格示例：五块三毛。口语中“块”“毛”比“元”“角”更常用。
Clothing items: yīfu (clothes), kùzi (trousers), qúnzi (skirt), xiézi (shoes). Use ‘tiáo’ for long items (tiáo kùzi) and ‘jiàn’ for tops (jiàn chènshān).
衣物：衣服、裤子、裙子、鞋子。条状物用量词“条”（条裤子），上衣用“件”（件衬衫）。
10. Key Grammar Points | 核心语法要点
Word order: Subject – Time – Manner – Place – Verb – Object. Example: Wǒ zuótiān zài xuéxiào hěn gāoxìng de dǎ lánqiú (I happily played basketball at school yesterday).
语序：主语 – 时间 – 方式 – 地点 – 动词 – 宾语。例如：我昨天在学校很高兴地打篮球。
Yes/no questions: add ‘ma’ to the end of a statement. Nǐ xǐhuan chī shuǐguǒ ma? (Do you like fruit?). Alternatively, use verb-not-verb structure: Nǐ xǐ bù xǐhuan? (Do you like or not?).
是非问句：在陈述句末尾加“吗”。你喜欢吃水果吗？也可用正反问句：你喜不喜欢？
The particle ‘le’ can indicate a completed action or a change of state. Wǒ chīle zǎofàn (I have eaten breakfast). Tiān lěng le (It’s getting cold now).
助词“了”可表示动作完成或状态变化。我吃了早饭。天冷了。
The particle ‘guo’ expresses past experience: Wǒ qùguo Běijīng (I have been to Beijing). Compare: Wǒ chī le (I ate) vs Wǒ chīguo Zhōngguó cài (I have eaten Chinese food before).
助词“过”表示过去经验：我去过北京。比较：我吃了（动作完成）与 我吃过中国菜（有经验）。
The ‘shì … de’ structure emphasises time, place or manner: Wǒ shì qùnián kāishǐ xué Zhōngwén de (It was last year that I started learning Chinese).
“是……的”结构强调时间、地点或方式：我是去年开始学中文的。
Modal verbs like yào (want/will), xiǎng (would like), kěyǐ (can/may) and bìxū (must) are placed before the main verb: Wǒ yào huíjiā (I want to go home), Nǐ kěyǐ jìnlai (You may come in).
情态动词如“要、想、可以、必须”放在主要动词前：我要回家、你可以进来。
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