Edexcel Year 10 Chinese: Formula & Rule Quick Reference Handbook | Edexcel 中文：公式定理速查手册

📚 Edexcel Year 10 Chinese: Formula & Rule Quick Reference Handbook | Edexcel 中文：公式定理速查手册

Mastering Chinese grammar involves recognising consistent patterns and reusable structures. This quick-reference handbook distils essential Edexcel Year 10 Chinese grammar points into clear formulas and rules, helping you build accurate sentences with confidence. Each entry pairs a structural ‘formula’ with a concise explanation and practical examples, making revision straightforward and effective.

掌握中文语法需要识别稳定的模式和可复用的结构。这本速查手册将 Edexcel Year 10 中文的关键语法点提炼成清晰的公式和规则，帮助你自信地构建准确句子。每条条目都将结构‘公式’与简明解释和实用例句配对，让复习变得直接有效。

1. Basic Sentence Structure (SVO) | 基本句子结构公式

The most fundamental Chinese sentence pattern follows Subject – Verb – Object order, identical to English. Once this foundation is internalised, more complex patterns become manageable.

最基本的中文句子遵循主语 – 动词 – 宾语的语序，与英语相同。内化这一基础后，更复杂的句型就会变得易于掌握。

Formula: Subject + Verb + Object

English: I eat apples. → Chinese: 我吃苹果。
English: She reads books. → Chinese: 她看书。
English: He drinks tea. → Chinese: 他喝茶。

English	Chinese	Components
I drink water.	我喝水。	Subject 我 + Verb 喝 + Object 水
We study Chinese.	我们学中文。	Subject 我们 + Verb 学 + Object 中文

2. Adjective + 的 + Noun Formula | 形容词 + 的 + 名词公式

When describing a noun, the particle 的 acts as a linker between an adjective and the noun it modifies. This formula ensures that your descriptions sound natural and grammatically correct.

描述名词时，助词‘的’充当形容词与所修饰名词之间的连接词。这一公式确保你的描述听起来自然且语法正确。

Formula: Adjective + 的 + Noun

漂亮的花 (pretty flowers)
新的书 (new book)
好吃的菜 (delicious dish)

Note: 的 can sometimes be omitted in close-knit phrases, but for Year 10 accuracy, consistently applying this formula is recommended.

注意：在紧密搭配中‘的’有时可省略，但为 Year 10 的准确性，建议始终使用此公式。

3. Adverbial Modifier 地 + Verb Formula | 状语修饰地 + 动词公式

To describe how an action is performed, use the structural particle 地 after an adverbial phrase, linking it to the verb. This turns adjectives into adverbs of manner.

要描述动作进行的方式，在状语短语后使用结构助词‘地’，将其与动词连接起来。这会将形容词转化为方式副词。

Formula: Adverb/Adjective + 地 + Verb

高兴地说 (say happily)
认真地写 (write carefully)
很快地跑 (run quickly)

In spoken Chinese, 地 is often pronounced as ‘de’ just like 的, but in writing the distinction is important for Edexcel examinations.

在口语中，‘地’常与‘的’读作相同的‘de’，但书写时的区分对 Edexcel 考试很重要。

4. Complement of Degree 得 Formula | 程度补语得公式

The particle 得 introduces a complement that describes the degree or result of an action. It answers ‘how well’ or ‘to what extent’ something is done.

助词‘得’引入描述动作程度或结果的补语。它回答某事做得‘怎么样’或‘到什么程度’。

Formula: Verb + 得 + Complement (Adjective/Phrase)

他跑得很快。 (He runs very fast.)
她说中文说得很好。 (She speaks Chinese very well.)
我累得不想动。 (I am so tired that I don’t want to move.)

When an object is present, the verb is often repeated: Subject + Verb + Object + Verb + 得 + Complement. Example: 他写汉字写得漂亮。 (He writes Chinese characters beautifully.)

当有宾语时，动词常重复：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 动词 + 得 + 补语。例如：他写汉字写得漂亮。

5. 把 Sentence Structure | ‘把’字句结构

The 把 construction shifts the object before the verb to emphasise disposal or result. It is a high-frequency pattern in Edexcel exams, expressing how an action affects a definite object.

‘把’字结构将宾语移至动词前，以强调处置或结果。这是 Edexcel 考试中的高频句型，表达动作如何影响一个确定的宾语。

Formula: Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + Complement/Other Element

我把作业做完了。 (I finished the homework.)
请把门打开。 (Please open the door.)
他把书放在桌子上。 (He put the book on the table.)

Common mistake: never leave the verb bare; 把 requires a complement, aspect particle 了, or other element after the verb. ‘我把饭吃’ is incomplete; say 我把饭吃了 or 我把饭吃完了.

常见错误：动词不能单独出现；‘把’要求在动词后有补语、动态助词‘了’或其他成分。‘我把饭吃’不完整；要说‘我把饭吃了’或‘我把饭吃完了’。

6. 被 Sentence Structure | ‘被’字句结构

The 被 construction forms the passive voice, indicating that the subject suffers or receives an action. It is essential for formal writing and reporting events.

‘被’字结构构成被动语态，表示主语遭受或承受某个动作。它对于正式写作和报道事件至关重要。

Formula: Subject + 被 + (Agent) + Verb + Complement/了/过

我的手机被偷了。 (My mobile phone was stolen.)
他被老师批评了。 (He was criticised by the teacher.)
窗户被风吹开了。 (The window was blown open by the wind.)

Agent can be omitted if unknown or unimportant. In spoken Chinese, 让 or 叫 sometimes replace 被, but for Edexcel, 被 is the standard passive marker.

如果施动者未知或不重要，可以省略。口语中‘让’或‘叫’有时可替代‘被’，但 Edexcel 考试中‘被’是标准的被动标记。

7. Comparison 比 Formula | 比较 ‘比’ 公式

To compare two things where one surpasses the other, the preposition 比 is placed between the two items, followed by the adjective. This formula is straightforward but needs attention to word order.

要比较两个事物，其中一个超过另一个，将介词‘比’置于两个项目之间，后接形容词。此公式直接，但需注意语序。

Formula: A + 比 + B + Adjective

他比我高。 (He is taller than me.)
今天的天气比昨天好。 (Today’s weather is better than yesterday’s.)
这本书比那本书有意思。 (This book is more interesting than that one.)

Degree modifiers like 很 cannot directly precede the adjective in a 比 sentence. Instead of ‘他比我很高’, say 他比我高得多 (He is much taller than me).

程度副词如‘很’不能直接放在‘比’句的形容词前。不能说‘他比我很高’，而应说‘他比我高得多’。

8. 是…的 Emphasis Pattern | ‘是……的’强调句式

This pattern highlights details such as time, place, manner, or purpose of a past action. It is characteristic of Chinese and frequently tested in reading and writing.

此句型突显过去动作的时间、地点、方式或目的等细节。它是中文的特色，常在阅读和写作中考查。

Formula: Subject + 是 + Detail + Verb + 的 (+ Object)

我是昨天去的。 (It was yesterday that I went.)
他是在北京学的汉语。 (It was in Beijing that he studied Chinese.)
我们是坐火车来的。 (We came by train.)

If the object is a person or specific noun, 的 can be placed before the object: 我是去年认识他的。 (It was last year that I met him.)

如果宾语是人称或特定名词，‘的’可放在宾语前：我是去年认识他的。

9. Conjunction Pairs: Cause–Effect & Condition | 关联词：因果与条件公式

Chinese uses paired conjunctions to link clauses logically. Memorising these pairs as fixed formulas can greatly improve writing fluency and coherence.

中文使用配对连词来逻辑地连接分句。把这些配对作为固定公式记忆能极大提升写作的流畅性和连贯性。

Formulas:
因为 + Cause, 所以 + Result
如果 + Condition, 就 + Consequence

因为下雨，所以我们没去公园。 (Because it rained, we didn’t go to the park.)
如果你累了，就休息一下。 (If you are tired, then rest a bit.)

Function	Formula	Example
Cause-effect	因为…所以…	因为他病了，所以没来。
Condition	如果…就…	如果明天晴天，我们就去爬山。
Contrast	虽然…但是…	虽然很累，但是很开心。

10. Modal Verb + Verb Formula | 能愿动词 + 动词公式

Modal verbs express ability, permission, wishes or obligations and are placed directly before the main verb. This simple formula applies to all common modals such as 能, 会, 可以, 想, 要, 应该.

能愿动词表达能力、许可、愿望或义务，直接放在主要动词之前。这个简单公式适用于所有常用能愿动词，如能、会、可以、想、要、应该。

Formula: Subject + Modal Verb + Verb (+ Object)

我能游泳。 (I can swim.)
她会说英语。 (She can speak English.)
你想吃中国菜吗？ (Do you want to eat Chinese food?)
我应该做作业。 (I should do homework.)

Negation is formed by placing 不 before the modal: 他不会来。 (He won’t come.) For 有, use 没有: 他没有时间。

否定形式将‘不’放在能愿动词之前：他不会来。对于‘有’，用‘没有’：他没有时间。

11. Question Patterns | 疑问句型公式

Forming questions in Chinese does not involve changing word order. Instead, interrogative particles or question words are inserted. Mastering these patterns is vital for the speaking and writing papers.

中文构成疑问句不改变语序，而是插入疑问助词或疑问词。掌握这些句型对口语和写作考试至关重要。

Key Formulas:
Statement + 吗？
Sentence + 什么 / 谁 / 哪儿 / 什么时候 / 为什么？
Verb + 不 + Verb (affirmative-negative question)

Type	Formula	Example
Yes-no	Statement + 吗？	你是学生吗？
Wh- questions	…什么/谁/哪…？	你在做什么？
Aff-neg	Verb + 不 + Verb	你吃不吃苹果？
Tag question	…，好吗？/ 是吗？	我们走吧，好吗？

12. Negative Formulae | 否定形式公式

Negation in Chinese uses 不 for present/future and static verbs, and 没有 (没) for past actions and the verb 有. Correct negation is a hallmark of grammatical precision in Edexcel assessments.

中文否定用‘不’表示现在/将来和静态动词，用‘没有 (没)’表示过去动作和动词‘有’。正确的否定是 Edexcel 考试中语法精确度的标志。

Formulas:
Subject + 不 + Verb/Adjective (general negation)
Subject + 没有/没 + Verb (past action negation)
Subject + 没有 + 有 (negation of 有 becomes 没有)

我不是老师。 (I am not a teacher.)
他不高兴。 (He is not happy.)
我昨天没去学校。 (I didn’t go to school yesterday.)
我没有手机。 (I don’t have a mobile phone.)

Note: 没有 is never shortened to 不有. Also, aspect particle 了 is dropped after 没有: 我没吃饭 (not 我没吃饭了).

注意：‘没有’绝不能简化为‘不有’。另外，在‘没有’之后省略动态助词‘了’：我没吃饭（不是我没吃饭了）。

Published by TutorHao | Chinese Revision Series | aleveler.com

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Edexcel Year 10 Chinese: Formula & Rule Quick Reference Handbook | Edexcel 中文：公式定理速查手册