Year 10 AQA French: Quick Vocabulary & Key Terms Guide | Year 10 AQA 法语：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 10 AQA French: Quick Vocabulary & Key Terms Guide | Year 10 AQA 法语：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering French vocabulary and key grammatical terms can feel like a daunting task, but with the right strategies you can turn it into a series of mental shortcuts that stick. This guide breaks down essential Year 10 AQA French topics into memorable chunks, pairing each term with a neat memory hook, a cognate link, or a pattern that makes it easier to recall. Whether you are preparing for a speaking assessment or a written exam, the techniques here will help you build confidence word by word.

掌握法语词汇和关键语法术语可能让人望而生畏，但通过恰当的速记策略，你完全可以把它们变成一系列牢固的记忆快捷方式。本指南将 Year 10 AQA 法语中的核心主题拆解成容易记住的小块，为每个术语配上好记的线索、同源词联系或规律，让回忆变得更加轻松。无论你是在准备口语评估还是书面考试，这里的方法都能帮助你逐词逐词地建立信心。

1. Noun Genders and Articles | 名词性别与冠词

In French every noun has a gender – masculine or feminine – and the definite article (le, la, l’, les) or indefinite article (un, une, des) must agree. A quick memory trick is to group nouns by endings that usually signal masculine, like -age, -eau, -ment, or -oir, and endings that often signal feminine, such as -tion, -sion, -té, -ette, -ence. Think ‘le fromage’ (cheese) and ‘la nation’ (nation) – the ending gives you a strong clue.

法语中每个名词都有性别——阳性或阴性——定冠词（le, la, l’, les）或不定冠词（un, une, des）必须与之配合。一个快速记忆窍门是按词尾分组：通常提示阳性的词尾有 -age、-eau、-ment、-oir，而通常提示阴性的词尾有 -tion、-sion、-té、-ette、-ence。想想 ‘le fromage’（奶酪）和 ‘la nation’（国家）——词尾给了你很明显的线索。

When you learn a new noun, always say it aloud with its article: ‘le stylo’ rather than just ‘stylo’. Visualise the word in a colour-coded way – blue for masculine, pink for feminine – and that mental image will reinforce the gender each time you recall it.

每当你学习一个新名词时，总要连同冠词一起大声说出来：‘le stylo’ 而不是孤立的 ‘stylo’。用颜色编码的方式想象这个词——蓝色代表阳性，粉红色代表阴性——每次回想时那个心理图像都会强化性别记忆。

2. Essential Verbs and Conjugation Patterns | 基础动词与变位模式

High-frequency verbs like ‘être’ (to be), ‘avoir’ (to have), ‘faire’ (to do/make) and ‘aller’ (to go) are the backbone of French communication. Instead of rote memorisation, link them to a story: imagine you are (être) a superhero who has (avoir) a special power to do (faire) amazing things and then goes (aller) on adventures. The irregular present-tense forms can be remembered through rhythmic chants: je suis, tu es, il est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils sont – try singing it to a simple tune.

像 ‘être’（是）、‘avoir’（有）、‘faire’（做）和 ‘aller’（去）这样高频动词是法语交流的支柱。与其死记硬背，不如把它们与一个故事联系起来：想象你是（être）一个超级英雄，你拥有（avoir）一种特殊能力去做（faire）惊人的事情，然后去（aller）冒险。不规则现在时形式可以通过节奏歌谣来记忆：je suis, tu es, il est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils sont——试着用一个简单的曲调唱出来。

For regular -er, -ir and -re verbs, focus on the stem and the consistent pattern of endings. Visualise a tree: the trunk is the stem, and the branches are the endings -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent for -er verbs. The same visual can be used for -ir verbs (-is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent) and -re verbs (-s, -s, -, -ons, -ez, -ent). This image turns abstract conjugation into a concrete mental map.

对于规则 -er、-ir 和 -re 动词，专注于词干和一致的词尾模式。想象一棵树：树干是词干，树枝就是 -er 动词的词尾 -e、-es、-e、-ons、-ez、-ent。同样的画面也可以用于 -ir 动词（-is、-is、-it、-issons、-issez、-issent）和 -re 动词（-s、-s、无、-ons、-ez、-ent）。这个图像把抽象的变位变成了具体的心理地图。

3. Family and Descriptions | 家庭与描述

Family vocabulary is often tested in both writing and speaking. Group the terms logically: immediate family (la mère – mother, le père – father, le frère – brother, la sœur – sister) and extended family (la grand-mère – grandmother, le grand-père – grandfather, l’oncle – uncle, la tante – aunt, le cousin / la cousine – cousin). Notice that many words resemble English ones: ‘parent’ (parent), ‘famille’ (family). Use this to your advantage and always check the gender.

家庭词汇在写作和口语考试中经常出现。把词语按逻辑分组：直系亲属（la mère – 母亲，le père – 父亲，le frère – 兄弟，la sœur – 姐妹）和旁系亲属（la grand-mère – 祖母，le grand-père – 祖父，l’oncle – 叔叔，la tante – 阿姨，le cousin / la cousine – 堂表兄弟姐妹）。请注意很多词都和英语相似：‘parent’（父母）、‘famille’（家庭）。利用这一点，并总是检查性别。

To describe family members, adjectives like ‘grand(e)’ (tall), ‘petit(e)’ (small), ‘jeune’ (young), ‘vieux/vieille’ (old), ‘sympa’ (nice), ‘drôle’ (funny) are essential. Remember that most adjectives follow the noun in French, except a few common ones like ‘beau/belle’ (beautiful), ‘bon/bonne’ (good), ‘joli(e)’ (pretty) which often come before. A handy mnemonic is B.A.N.G.S. – Beauty, Age, Number, Goodness, Size – describing the categories that usually precede the noun.

为了描写家庭成员，形容词像 ‘grand(e)’（高的）、‘petit(e)’（矮的）、‘jeune’（年轻的）、‘vieux/vieille’（年老的）、‘sympa’（友善的）、‘drôle’（有趣的）都很基本。记住大部分法语形容词放在名词后面，但少数常见形容词，如 ‘beau/belle’（美丽的）、‘bon/bonne’（好的）、‘joli(e)’（漂亮的），通常前置。一个方便的助记口诀是 B.A.N.G.S.——美丑、年龄、数量、好坏、大小——这些类别通常放在名词前面。

4. School Life Vocabulary | 学校生活词汇

Words about school subjects, classroom objects, and daily routine are high-yield in Year 10. Begin with subjects: les mathématiques (maths), l’anglais (English), les sciences (science), l’histoire (history), la géographie (geography), l’éducation physique (PE), la musique (music). Many are cognates, so simply note the article. A table like the one below can help you organise them visually:

关于学校科目、教室物品和日常生活的词汇在 Year 10 考察频率很高。从科目开始：les mathématiques（数学），l’anglais（英语），les sciences（科学），l’histoire（历史），la géographie（地理），l’éducation physique（体育），la musique（音乐）。很多都是同源词，所以只需注意冠词。像下面这样的表格可以帮助你直观地整理：

French	English	Memory Tip
le cahier	exercise book	think ‘paper’ → cahier sounds like ‘paper’ in a notebook
le stylo	pen	imagine a stylish pen
le tableau	board	picture a painted board (tableau like ‘table’)
la trousse	pencil case	rhymes with ‘moose’ – your pencil case is a moose?

这个表格给出了法语词、英语和记忆提示。现在用中文重复核心内容：对于 ‘le cahier’（练习本），可以联想到 ‘paper’；‘le stylo’（钢笔）想象一支很时尚的笔；‘le tableau’（黑板）像一张 ‘table’；‘la trousse’（铅笔盒）和 ‘moose’ 押韵，可以想象一个麋鹿形状的铅笔盒。

For daily routine, learn the reflexive verbs: se lever (to get up), se laver (to wash), s’habiller (to get dressed), se coucher (to go to bed). The ‘se’ or ‘s’ part changes with the subject, and you can use the chant ‘me, te, se, nous, vous, se’ to remember the reflexive pronouns order.

对于日常生活，要学习代动词：se lever（起床），se laver（洗漱），s’habiller（穿衣服），se coucher（上床睡觉）。‘se’ 或 ‘s’ 这部分随主语变化，你可以用歌诀 ‘me, te, se, nous, vous, se’ 来记住自反代词的顺序。

5. Food and Drink Terms | 饮食术语

Being able to discuss what you eat and drink is a key skill. Start with the basics: le pain (bread), le fromage (cheese), le lait (milk), l’eau (water), le jus d’orange (orange juice), le poulet (chicken), la salade (salad), la pomme (apple), la banane (banana), les frites (chips/fries). Use the concept of the French café: imagine yourself ordering ‘un croque-monsieur’ (toasted ham and cheese sandwich) and ‘un chocolat chaud’ (hot chocolate). The setting creates a sensory memory.

能够谈论饮食是一项关键技能。从基础词汇开始：le pain（面包），le fromage（奶酪），le lait（牛奶），l’eau（水），le jus d’orange（橙汁），le poulet（鸡肉），la salade（沙拉），la pomme（苹果），la banane（香蕉），les frites（薯条）。利用法式咖啡馆的概念：想象自己正在点 ‘un croque-monsieur’（火腿干酪三明治）和 ‘un chocolat chaud’（热巧克力）。这个场景会创造出感官记忆。

Another effective method is to link words to their English cognates: ‘le restaurant’ (restaurant), ‘le menu’ (menu), ‘la soupe’ (soup), ‘le dessert’ (dessert). For those that are less obvious, create a silly sentence: ‘I have a pain (bread) in my stomach after eating too much’, or ‘I wear fromage (cheese) on my head’ – the absurdity makes it stick.

另一个有效的方法是把词语和它们的英语同源词联系起来：‘le restaurant’（餐馆），‘le menu’（菜单），‘la soupe’（汤），‘le dessert’（甜点）。对于不那么明显的词，造个可笑的句子：‘I have a pain in my stomach after eating too much bread’（吃了太多面包我肚子痛），或者 ‘I wear fromage on my head’（我头上顶着奶酪）——荒诞感会让它牢牢记住。

6. Time, Dates and Numbers | 时间、日期与数字

Numbers and time expressions can trip you up if not practised regularly. The French number system uses base-20 for numbers 70–99, which feels odd to English learners. Soixante-dix (70) literally means ‘sixty-ten’, quatre-vingts (80) means ‘four-twenties’, and quatre-vingt-dix (90) means ‘four-twenty-ten’. Break them down: for 71, soixante et onze (60 and 11); for 91, quatre-vingt-onze (4×20 + 11). A visual of the number line split into twenties helps.

如果不经常练习，数字和时间表达可能会让你犯错。法语数字系统在 70–99 使用二十进制，这对英语学习者来说感觉奇怪。Soixante-dix（70）字面意思是 ‘六十-十’，quatre-vingts（80）是 ‘四个二十’，quatre-vingt-dix（90）是 ‘四个二十-十’。把它们拆解：71 就是 soixante et onze（60 加 11）；91 就是 quatre-vingt-onze（4×20 加 11）。画一个按二十划分数轴的形象会有所帮助。

For time, learn the structure: ‘Quelle heure est-il?’ (What time is it?). Il est une heure (1:00), deux heures (2:00), etc. Use the 12-hour clock with ‘du matin’, ‘de l’après-midi’, ‘du soir’. Key expressions: ‘et quart’ (quarter past), ‘et demie’ (half past), ‘moins le quart’ (quarter to). Imagine a clock face divided into quarters, each labelled with the French phrase, to speed up recall.

关于时间，要学句式：‘Quelle heure est-il?’（几点了？）。Il est une heure（1点），deux heures（2点）等。使用 12 小时制并配合 ‘du matin’（上午）、‘de l’après-midi’（下午）、‘du soir’（晚上）。关键表达：‘et quart’（过一刻）、‘et demie’（过半）、‘moins le quart’（差一刻）。想象一个钟面按刻划分，每个刻都标上法语短语，这样能加快回想。

7. Weather and Seasons | 天气与季节

Talking about the weather is a common conversation starter and appears in role-plays. The basic phrase is ‘Il fait …’ (It is …) followed by an adjective: beau (nice), mauvais (bad), chaud (hot), froid (cold), du vent (windy), du soleil (sunny). For rain use ‘Il pleut’ (It’s raining) and for snow ‘Il neige’ (It’s snowing). A memorable image: a cloud with a small hammer (‘pleut’ sounds like ‘plu’ as in ‘plus’?), or perhaps imagine a ‘neige’ (snow) flake shaped like a ‘nage’ (swim) – but that’s a bit of a stretch. Better: link ‘neige’ to ‘neige’ sounds like ‘n-ayge’ and think of a snowy day.

谈论天气是一个常见的会话开头，并经常出现在角色扮演中。基本句式是 ‘Il fait …’（天气……）后加形容词：beau（好）、mauvais（坏）、chaud（热）、froid（冷）、du vent（有风）、du soleil（晴朗）。下雨用 ‘Il pleut’（下雨了），下雪用 ‘Il neige’（下雪了）。一个容易记住的图像：一片上面有小锤子的云（？），或者想象 ‘neige’（雪）的雪花形状像 ‘nage’（游泳）——不过这有点牵强。更好的办法：把 ‘neige’ 与 ‘n-ayge’ 的发音联系起来，想象一个下雪天。

Seasons are also straightforward: le printemps (spring), l’été (summer), l’automne (autumn), l’hiver (winter). Notice the masculine articles. Use the phrase ‘au printemps’, ‘en été’, ‘en automne’, ‘en hiver’ for ‘in spring’ etc. A memory chain could be: spring = print (printemps), summer = A-team (été sounds like ‘eh-tay’), autumn = oh-tonne (automne), winter = a ship’s bow? – ‘hiver’ rhymes with ‘river’ freezing.

季节也很直接：le printemps（春天），l’été（夏天），l’automne（秋天），l’hiver（冬天）。注意都是阳性名词。表达‘在春天’等用 ‘au printemps’、‘en été’、‘en automne’、‘en hiver’。一个记忆链条可以是：春天 = print（printemps 像 print），夏天 = A 组（été 发音像 ‘eh-tay’），秋天 = 哦吨（automne），冬天 = 冻住的河流（‘hiver’ 与 ‘river’ 押韵）。

8. Travel and Transport | 旅行与交通

Transport vocabulary appears in listening and writing tasks about holidays. Key terms: la voiture (car), le bus (bus), le train (train), l’avion (plane), le vélo (bike), à pied (on foot). Prepositions matter: ‘en voiture’, ‘en bus’, ‘en train’, ‘en avion’, ‘à vélo’. A useful rhyme: ‘en for metal boxes, à for two-wheels or on foot’ – en voiture/bus/train/avion, but à vélo, à pied.

交通词汇出现在关于假期的听力和写作任务中。关键术语：la voiture（汽车），le bus（公交车），le train（火车），l’avion（飞机），le vélo（自行车），à pied（步行）。介词很重要：‘en voiture’、‘en bus’、‘en train’、‘en avion’、‘à vélo’。一个实用的口决：‘金属盒子用 en，两轮或步行用 à’——en voiture/bus/train/avion，但是 à vélo, à pied。

When talking about holidays, you need ‘les vacances’ (holidays), ‘la plage’ (beach), ‘la montagne’ (mountain), ‘la campagne’ (countryside), ‘l’hôtel’ (hotel), ‘la chambre’ (room). Many of these are cognates. To remember ‘la plage’, think of a place where you play – the ‘plage’ is your playground by the sea. For ‘la campagne’, imagine a campaign poster with green fields – it shares the root with ‘country’.

谈论假期时你需要 ‘les vacances’（假期），‘la plage’（海滩），‘la montagne’（山），‘la campagne’（乡村），‘l’hôtel’（酒店），‘la chambre’（房间）。很多都是同源词。要记住 ‘la plage’，想象一个你玩耍的地方——‘plage’ 是海边的游乐场。对于 ‘la campagne’，想象一张有绿色田野的竞选海报——它和 ‘country’ 同根。

9. Key Adjectives and Adverbs | 关键形容词与副词

Adjectives bring descriptions to life. Focus on opposites to double your vocabulary instantly: grand/petit (big/small), chaud/froid (hot/cold), heureux/triste (happy/sad), intéressant/ennuyeux (interesting/boring), facile/difficile (easy/difficult). A mnemonic grid can be drawn: on the left side write the positive adjective, on the right its opposite, and place a silly picture linking them, such as a giant next to a tiny ant for grand/petit.

形容词赋予描写生命力。重点关注反义词，能立竿见影地让词汇量翻倍：grand/petit（大/小），chaud/froid（热/冷），heureux/triste（高兴/悲伤），intéressant/ennuyeux（有趣/无聊），facile/difficile（容易/困难）。你可以画一个助记网格：左边写上正面形容词，右边写其反义词，中间放一张将它们联系起来的搞笑图片，比如用一个大巨人和一只小蚂蚁来表示 grand/petit。

Adverbs such as souvent (often), toujours (always), parfois (sometimes), rarement (rarely), très (very), assez (quite), trop (too) modify verbs and adjectives. Most adverbs ending in -ment are formed from the feminine form of the adjective + -ment, e.g. heureuse → heureusement (fortunately). Think ‘-ment’ equals ‘-ly’ in English; it’s a quick mapping. Placement: generally after the verb, which mirrors English sentence structure: ‘Je mange souvent des pommes’ – ‘I often eat apples’ – the adverb comes right after the verb.

像 souvent（经常），toujours（总是），parfois（有时），rarement（很少），très（非常），assez（相当），trop（太）这样的副词修饰动词和形容词。大多数以 -ment 结尾的副词由形容词的阴性形式加 -ment 构成，例如 heureuse → heureusement（幸运地）。记住 ‘-ment’ 就等于英语的 ‘-ly’，是一个快速映射。位置：通常放在动词之后，这和英语的句子结构相似：‘Je mange souvent des pommes’——‘我经常吃苹果’——副词紧跟在动词后。

10. Question Words and Phrases | 疑问词与短语

Being able to ask questions is vital for the speaking exam. Master these question words: Qui? (Who?), Quoi? / Que? (What?), Quand? (When?), Où? (Where?), Pourquoi? (Why?), Comment? (How?), Combien? (How much/many?). A memory phrase: ‘Quick Quails Quickly Quiet Oily Porridge When Cold’ – Qui, Quoi, Quand, Où, Pourquoi, Comment, Combien. Silly, but effective.

能够提问对口语考试至关重要。掌握这些疑问词：Qui?（谁？），Quoi? / Que?（什么？），Quand?（什么时候？），Où?（哪里？），Pourquoi?（为什么？），Comment?（怎么？），Combien?（多少？）。一条记忆口诀：‘Quick Quails Quickly Quiet Oily Porridge When Cold’——Qui, Quoi, Quand, Où, Pourquoi, Comment, Combien。虽然有点傻，但很管用。

Three common ways to form questions: raising intonation (Tu aimes le chocolat?), adding ‘est-ce que’ (Est-ce que tu aimes le chocolat?), and inversion (Aimes-tu le chocolat?). The easiest for learners is ‘est-ce que’, which turns a statement into a question without changing word order. Remember that ‘est-ce que’ becomes ‘qu’est-ce que’ when asking ‘what’: Qu’est-ce que tu manges? – What are you eating? This phrase literally means ‘what is it that’ and links directly to the English structure.

构成疑问句的三种常见方式：提高语调（Tu aimes le chocolat?），加 ‘est-ce que’（Est-ce que tu aimes le chocolat?），以及主谓倒装（Aimes-tu le chocolat?）。对学生来说最简单的是 ‘est-ce que’，它不用改变词序就能将陈述句变为问句。记住当询问‘什么’时，‘est-ce que’ 会变成 ‘qu’est-ce que’：Qu’est-ce que tu manges?——你在吃什么？这个短语字面意思就是‘what is it that’，与英语结构直接对应。

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Year 10 AQA French: Quick Vocabulary & Key Terms Guide | Year 10 AQA 法语：词汇术语速记指南