Year 10 CIE Business: Quick Guide to Key Business Terminology | Year 10 CIE 商务：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 10 CIE Business: Quick Guide to Key Business Terminology | Year 10 CIE 商务：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering business vocabulary is the first step to exam success. This guide presents the essential terms for Year 10 CIE Business, grouped by topic, with clear definitions in both English and Chinese, along with memory tips to help you remember them quickly and effectively.

掌握商务词汇是考试成功的第一步。本指南将 Year 10 CIE 商务核心术语按主题分组，提供清晰的中英文定义，并附上记忆技巧，帮助你快速有效地记住它们。

1. Business Activity and Classification | 企业活动与分类

Entrepreneur: A person who takes the risk of starting and running a new business, combining the other factors of production (land, labour, capital).

企业家: 承担创业和经营新企业风险的人，他结合其他生产要素（土地、劳动、资本）。记住 ‘Entrepreneur’ 与 ‘Enterprise’ 同源，充满进取精神。

Sole trader: A business owned and controlled by one person, who takes all the profits but also has unlimited liability for any debts.

个人独资经营者: 由一个人拥有并控制的企业，他获得所有利润，但也对任何债务承担无限责任。记忆窍门：’Sole’ 意为单独，想象只有一位老板承担一切。

Partnership: A business owned by two or more people (usually 2-20) who share profits and decision-making. Most partners have unlimited liability unless a limited liability partnership is formed.

合伙企业: 由两个或更多人（通常 2-20 人）共同拥有，分享利润并分担决策，大多数合伙人承担无限责任。记忆：合伙企业通常签署一份 Partnership deed（合伙协议）。

Private limited company (Ltd): An incorporated business that can sell shares privately to family and friends, but not to the general public. Owners have limited liability.

私人有限公司 (Ltd): 可向家人和朋友私下出售股份，但不能向公众发售的法人企业，股东承担有限责任。记忆：’Private’ 就是私下，’Limited’ 指责任有限。

Public limited company (Plc): An incorporated business that can sell shares to the public on the stock exchange. Must have a minimum share capital.

公众有限公司 (Plc): 可在证券交易所向公众出售股份的法人企业，必须有最低股本。Plc 可以联想为 ‘Public’。

Franchise: A business arrangement where the franchisor grants the franchisee the right to use its trademark, business model and support in return for a fee and royalty.

特许经营: 特许人授予被特许人使用其商标、商业模式和支持的权利，以换取加盟费和特许权使用费。可以想成 ‘复制成功模式’。

2. Business Objectives and Stakeholders | 企业目标与利益相关者

Business objectives: The specific targets a business intends to achieve over a period of time, such as survival, maximising profit, growth through expansion, increasing market share, or providing social services.

企业目标: 企业在某个时期内打算实现的具体目标，如早期生存、利润最大化、通过扩张实现增长、增加市场份额或服务社区。可运用 SMART 原则记忆：Specific（具体的）、Measurable（可衡量）、Achievable（可实现）、Relevant（相关的）、Time-bound（有时限）。

Stakeholder: Any individual or group that has an interest in or is affected by the activities of a business. Examples include owners, employees, customers, suppliers, government, and the local community.

利益相关者: 任何对企业活动有兴趣或受其影响的个人或群体。例子包括所有者、员工、客户、供应商、政府和当地社区。想一想谁持有 ‘利害关系’（stake）。

Shareholder: A person or organisation that owns shares in a limited company, thus becoming a part-owner with a claim on the company’s profits (dividends) and limited liability.

股东: 拥有有限公司股份的个人或组织，成为部分所有者，有权获得公司利润（股息）并承担有限责任。股东是利益相关者

Published by TutorHao | Year 10 商务 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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