📚 Year 10 Eduqas Media: Quick Guide to Key Terminology | Year 10 Eduqas 媒体：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your one-stop bilingual glossary for Year 10 Eduqas GCSE Media Studies. This guide covers the essential terminology you will need for analysing media texts, planning coursework and excelling in your exams. Each term is explained in straightforward English followed immediately by its Chinese equivalent, making revision fast and effective.
欢迎使用 Year 10 Eduqas GCSE 媒体研究双语词汇速记指南。这份资料涵盖了你分析媒体文本、规划课程作业以及考试中取得好成绩所需的核心术语。每个术语先用清晰的英文解释，紧跟着中文翻译，让复习又快又高效。
1. Camera Shots and Angles | 镜头与角度
Extreme Long Shot (ELS) / Establishing Shot: Shows a very wide view, often used to introduce a location or set the atmosphere.
极远景 / 建立镜头: 展现极广阔的画面，常用来交代地点或营造氛围。
Long Shot (LS): Frames the full body of the subject, showing the figure in relation to the surroundings.
远景: 框取主体的全身，展示人物与环境的关系。
Medium Shot (MS): Typically shows the subject from the waist up, commonly used for dialogue scenes.
中景: 通常从腰部以上框取主体，常见于对话场景。
Close-up (CU): Frames a face or object tightly, emphasising emotion or important detail.
特写: 紧密地框取面部或物体，强调情感或重要细节。
Extreme Close-up (ECU): Focuses on a very small detail, such as an eye or a ring on a finger, intensifying attention.
极特写: 聚焦于非常小的细节，如眼睛或手指上的戒指，强化注意力。
Low Angle: Camera looks up at the subject, making it appear powerful or dominant.
低角度: 镜头从下往上拍摄，使主体显得强大或具有支配力。
High Angle: Camera looks down on the subject, making it seem vulnerable or insignificant.
高角度: 镜头从上往下拍摄，使主体显得脆弱或渺小。
Over-the-Shoulder Shot: Shot from behind a person, looking at what they see; often used in conversations.
过肩镜头: 从人物背后拍摄其所见对象；常用于对话中。
Point-of-View Shot (POV): Camera shows exactly what a character sees, placing the audience in their shoes.
主观镜头 (POV): 镜头展示角色所见的内容，让观众身临其境。
2. Camera Movement | 镜头运动
Pan: The camera pivots horizontally from a fixed position, scanning a scene.
摇镜: 相机从固定位置水平转动，扫描场景。
Tilt: The camera moves vertically up or down while staying in place.
俯仰: 相机固定地点上下垂直移动。
Tracking / Dolly Shot: The camera moves alongside the action, often on tracks, following a moving subject.
推轨 / 移动镜头: 相机沿轨道随动作移动，跟踪运动主体。
Zoom: The lens changes focal length to move ‘closer’ or ‘farther’ without moving the camera.
变焦: 镜头改变焦距实现“拉近”或“推远”，而相机本身不移动。
Crane Shot: Camera is mounted on a crane, moving up/down and sweeping across large areas.
摇臂镜头: 相机安装在摇臂上，可上下升降并掠过广阔区域。
Handheld: Camera is carried by the operator, giving a shaky, documentary-style realism.
手持镜头: 操作者手持相机，带来晃动的纪录片式真实感。
Steadicam: A stabilised handheld rig that allows smooth movement while walking.
斯坦尼康: 一种稳定手持装置，可在行走时获得平滑的运动画面。
3. Editing Techniques | 剪辑技巧
Continuity Editing: A system of cutting to maintain a clear and logical narrative flow, making the edit ‘invisible’.
连贯性剪辑: 一种保持清晰逻辑叙事流、让剪辑“隐形”的剪切体系。
Montage: A sequence of shots rapidly edited together to condense time or create meaning.
蒙太奇: 一系列快速剪辑的镜头组合，用于浓缩时间或创造意义。
Jump Cut: An abrupt cut that breaks continuity, disorienting the viewer — often used for creative effect.
跳切: 一种打破连续性的突然剪切，使观众感到不连贯，常用于创意效果。
Match on Action: A cut where an action started in one shot continues seamlessly in the next, preserving continuity.
动作匹配: 某个动作在一个镜头中开始，在下一个镜头中无缝继续，保持连续性。
Shot/Reverse Shot: Alternating shots between two characters in conversation, often over-the-shoulder.
正反打镜头: 在交谈的两个角色间交替拍摄，常为过肩镜头。
Cross-cutting: Cutting between two or more scenes happening simultaneously in different locations.
交叉剪辑: 在不同地点同时发生的两个或多个场景之间进行剪切。
Cutaway: A brief shot that distracts from the main action, often to show a relevant detail or reaction.
切出镜头: 暂时离开主镜头，展示相关细节或反应的简短镜头。
Fade / Dissolve: Fade to/from black signals a passage of time; a dissolve blends two shots briefly.
淡入淡出 / 叠化: 淡入淡出表示时间流逝；叠化暂时将两个镜头重叠。
4. Sound Elements | 声音元素
Diegetic Sound: Any sound that exists within the world of the film, such as dialogue, footsteps, or a radio playing on screen.
剧情声 (Diegetic Sound): 存在于影片世界中的声音，如对话、脚步声或屏幕中的收音机声。
Non-diegetic Sound: Sound added for the audience, not heard by the characters — such as background music or a narrator’s voiceover.
非剧情声: 为观众添加、但角色听不到的声音，如背景音乐或旁白。
Sound Bridge: Carrying a sound from one scene into the next, linking them smoothly.
声音桥接: 将一段声音延续到下一个场景，实现场景之间的平滑衔接。
Ambient Sound: Background noise that creates a sense of place, e.g. birdsong, traffic, crowd chatter.
环境音: 营造空间感的背景声，如鸟鸣、车流声、人群嘈杂声。
Sound Effects (SFX): Added sounds to heighten realism or create impact, such as explosions or door slams.
音效 (SFX): 为增强真实感或冲击力而添加的声音，如爆炸声或关门声。
Voiceover: A narrative voice spoken over the visuals, often providing background information or inner thoughts.
画外音: 画面上方加入的叙事语音，通常提供背景信息或内心独白。
5. Mise-en-Scène | 场面调度
Setting: The physical environment where the action takes place, which can convey time period, status, or mood.
场景: 动作发生的物理环境，能传达时代、身份或氛围。
Props: Objects used by characters that give clues about their personality or the narrative.
道具: 角色使用的物件，提供有关其性格或叙事的线索。
Costume, Hair and Make-up: Visual clues to a character’s identity, profession, or social group.
服装、发型与化妆: 暗示角色身份、职业或社会群体的视觉线索。
Lighting – High Key: Bright, even lighting with few shadows, common in comedies and sitcoms.
高调照明: 明亮均匀、阴影稀少的布光，常见于喜剧和情景剧。
Lighting – Low Key: Uses deep shadows and high contrast, typical of film noir and thrillers to create tension.
低调照明: 利用深阴影和高对比，黑色电影和惊悚片典型手法，营造紧张感。
Colour Palette: The dominant colours used in a scene, which can symbolise emotions or themes.
色彩搭配: 场景使用的主色调，可象征情绪或主题。
Body Language and Facial Expression: Non-verbal communication that reveals a character’s inner state.
肢体语言与面部表情: 揭示角色内心状态的非语言交流。
6. Representation | 呈现与表征
Representation: The way media portrays people, groups, events, and issues, which is always a construction, not reality.
呈现 (表征): 媒体描绘人物、群体、事件和议题的方式，总是建构的而非现实。
Stereotype: A simplified, often exaggerated representation of a group, based on widely-held assumptions.
刻板印象: 基于普遍看法、对群体做出的简化且常夸张的呈现。
Countertype: A representation that challenges or opposes the dominant stereotype.
反刻板印象: 挑战或对抗主流刻板印象的呈现方式。
Mediation: The process of selecting, editing and constructing media texts — the ‘filter’ through which reality is shown.
中介化 (Mediation): 选择、编辑和建构媒体文本的过程，即展现现实的“滤镜”。
Anchorage: Text or captions that fix a preferred meaning to an image, limiting polysemy.
锚定: 将一种优先意义固定到图像上的文字或标题，限制多义性。
Ideology: A set of beliefs and values, often presented as ‘common sense’ through media texts.
意识形态: 一套信仰和价值观，往往通过媒体文本被呈现为“常识”。
7. Audience Theories | 受众理论
Passive vs Active Audience: Passive audiences simply absorb messages; active audiences interpret and question media based on their own experiences.
被动受众与主动受众: 被动受众只是吸收信息，主动受众则根据自身经验诠释并质疑媒体。
Uses and Gratifications (Blumler and Katz): Suggests audiences actively seek media to satisfy needs — information, personal identity, integration and social interaction, entertainment.
使用与满足 (布鲁姆勒与卡茨): 认为受众主动选择媒体以满足需求——信息、个人身份认同、社会整合与互动、娱乐。
Encoding/Decoding (Stuart Hall): Producers encode messages; audiences decode them from dominant, negotiated or oppositional positions.
编码/解码 (斯图尔特·霍尔): 生产者编码信息；受众从霸权式、协商式或对抗式立场解码。
Target Audience: The specific group a media text is aimed at, defined by demographics (age, gender, class) and psychographics (interests, values).
目标受众: 媒体文本所针对的特定群体，通过人口统计（年龄、性别、阶层）和心理特征（兴趣、价值观）来界定。
Audience Segmentation: Dividing the mass audience into smaller groups sharing similar characteristics, e.g. by lifestyle or taste.
受众细分: 将大众受众划分为具有相似特征的小群体，如按生活方式或品味划分。
8. Media Language: Signs and Codes | 媒体语言：符号与代码
Denotation: The literal, descriptive meaning of a sign — what you see or hear.
外延: 符号的字面描述意义，即所看所听。
Connotation: The cultural or emotional associations attached to a sign.
内涵: 符号附带的文化或情感联想。
Signifier (Saussure): The physical form of the sign — sound, image, or word.
能指 (索绪尔): 符号的物理形态——声音、图像或词。
Signified: The concept or idea that the signifier stands for.
所指: 能指所代表的概念或想法。
Anchorage: (already introduced) In media language, it refers to text that pins down a preferred meaning of a polysemic image.
锚定: （前已提及）在媒体语言中，指固定多义图像之优先意义的文字。
Enigma Code (Barthes): Creates mystery or questions to hook the audience into the narrative.
谜题代码 (巴特): 制造神秘感或疑问以吸引观众进入叙事。
Action Code: An element that suggests further narrative action, e.g. a gun placed on the table.
行动代码: 暗示后续叙事行动的元素，如桌上的一把枪。
9. Narrative Theories | 叙事理论
Todorov’s Equilibrium Theory: Narrative follows a pattern: equilibrium → disruption → recognition → attempt to repair → new equilibrium.
托多罗夫的均衡理论: 叙事遵循模式：均衡 → 打破 → 认知 → 尝试修补 → 新均衡。
Propp’s Character Types: Russian folk tales contain recurring character roles: hero, villain, donor, helper, princess, dispatcher, false hero.
普洛普的角色类型: 俄罗斯民间故事包含反复出现的角色角色：英雄、反派、赠与者、帮手、公主、派遣者、假英雄。
Linear Narrative: A story that unfolds in chronological order.
线性叙事: 按时间顺序展开的故事。
Non-linear Narrative: Events are presented out of chronological order, using flashbacks, flash-forwards or parallel storylines.
非线性叙事: 事件不按时间顺序呈现，运用闪回、闪前或平行故事线。
Multi-strand Narrative: Several plots or storylines run at the same time, intersecting at key points.
多线叙事: 多条情节或故事线同时进行，在关键节点交叉。
10. Media Industries and Institutions | 媒体产业与制度
Conglomerate: A large corporation that owns multiple media companies across different platforms.
传媒集团: 拥有跨不同平台的多个媒体公司的大型企业。
Synergy: When different elements of a media company work together to promote linked products, e.g. a film and its soundtrack.
协同效应: 媒体公司不同元素协同推广关联产品，如电影及其原声带。
Vertical Integration: Owning all stages of production, distribution, and exhibition, giving full control.
纵向整合: 拥有生产、发行及放映的全部环节，实现全流程控制。
Horizontal Integration: One company buys another at the same stage of the production chain to reduce competition.
横向整合: 同一生产链环节的公司相互收购以降低竞争。
Public Service Broadcasting (PSB): Media created to inform, educate and entertain the public, not just for profit — e.g. the BBC.
公共服务广播 (PSB): 以告知、教育、娱乐公众为目的而制作的媒体，不只为盈利——如 BBC。
Regulation (Ofcom / BBFC): Official bodies that set rules and ensure media content meets standards for age classification and fairness.
监管 (Ofcom / BBFC): 制定规则、确保媒体内容符合年龄分级及公平性标准的官方机构。
11. Practical Production Terms | 实践制作术语
Rule of Thirds: A compositional guideline that divides the frame into nine equal parts; key elements are placed along these lines or intersections.
三分构图法: 将画面等分为九块的构图参考线，关键元素放置在线条或交点上。
Depth of Field: The range of distance within a shot that appears in focus. Shallow depth of field blurs the background to isolate the subject.
景深: 镜头中清晰对焦的距离范围；浅景深可模糊背景以突出主体。
White Balance: Adjusting the camera to make colours appear natural under different lighting conditions.
白平衡: 调整相机使其在不同光照条件下呈现自然色彩。
Storyboard: A sequence of drawings representing each planned shot, with notes on camera movement, sound, and editing.
分镜脚本: 一系列代表每个计划镜头的绘图，附有摄影机运动、声音和剪辑的说明。
Animatic: A rough animated version of a storyboard, often with sound, to plan timing.
动态分镜: 分镜脚本的粗略动画版本，常带声音，用于规划时间。
12. Quick Memory Cards – Key Contrasts | 速记卡 – 关键对比
| English Contrast | 中文对比 |
|---|---|
| Diegetic vs Non-diegetic Sound | 剧情声 vs 非剧情声 |
| High Angle (powerless) vs Low Angle (powerful) | 高角度 (无力) vs 低角度 (有力) |
| Denotation vs Connotation | 外延 vs 内涵 |
| Passive Audience vs Active Audience | 被动受众 vs 主动受众 |
| Linear vs Non-linear Narrative | 线性叙事 vs 非线性叙事 |
| Stereotype vs Countertype | 刻板印象 vs 反刻板印象 |
| Continuity Editing vs Montage | 连贯性剪辑 vs 蒙太奇 |
Published by TutorHao | Media Studies Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导