Year 10 WJEC Chinese: Core Knowledge Consolidation | Year 10 WJEC 中文：核心知识点梳理

📚 Year 10 WJEC Chinese: Core Knowledge Consolidation | Year 10 WJEC 中文：核心知识点梳理

For Year 10 students following the WJEC GCSE Chinese specification, mastering the core language building blocks is essential. This article organises the key vocabulary, sentence patterns, grammar points and cultural knowledge that underpin the first year of the course, helping you to speak, listen, read and write with confidence. Each section pairs an English explanation with its Chinese equivalent so that you can absorb the content bilingually and build a solid revision base for mocks and end‑of‑year exams.

对于学习 WJEC GCSE 中文的 Year 10 学生来说，掌握核心语言构件至关重要。本文梳理了支撑第一学年学习的重点词汇、句型、语法点及文化知识，帮助你在听、说、读、写中建立信心。每个小节都提供中英对照解说，让你以双语方式吸收内容，为模拟考和年终考试打下扎实的复习基础。

1. Pinyin and Tones | 拼音与声调

Pinyin is the Romanisation system used to represent Mandarin sounds. There are 21 initial consonants, 36 finals and four main tones plus a neutral tone. Getting the tones right changes meaning completely – for example, mā (mother), má (hemp), mǎ (horse) and mà (scold). Spend a few minutes each day reading aloud with tone marks; it is the fastest way to train your ear and mouth together. Do not ignore the neutral tone: it appears in words like xièxie (thank you) and helps your speech sound natural.

拼音是代表普通话发音的罗马化系统。共有 21 个声母、36 个韵母和四个主要声调以及一个轻声。读准声调能完全改变词义——例如 mā（妈）、má（麻）、mǎ（马）和 mà（骂）。每天花几分钟带声调符号朗读，是同时训练耳朵和嘴巴最快的方法。不要忽略轻声：它出现在像‘谢谢’这样的词里，让你的口语听起来更自然。

2. Greetings and Personal Information | 问候与个人信息

Starting a conversation correctly is the first milestone. The standard ‘nǐ hǎo’ (hello) can be extended by time of day: zǎoshang hǎo (good morning), xiàwǔ hǎo (good afternoon). When introducing yourself, use Wǒ jiào … (I am called …), Wǒ shì … rén (I am … nationality), and Wǒ shíwǔ suì (I am fifteen years old). To ask for someone else’s name, say Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? Remember to use the polite form nín when addressing teachers or older people. Practise the self‑introduction until it becomes automatic; this is a key task in the speaking exam.

正确开启对话是第一个里程碑。标准的‘你好’可以根据时段扩展：早上好、下午好。介绍自己时，使用‘我叫…’、‘我是…人’和‘我十五岁’。询问对方姓名时说‘你叫什么名字？’。和老师或长辈说话时记得使用敬称‘您’。把自我介绍练到自动脱口而出的程度；这是口语考试中的关键任务。

3. Numbers, Dates and Telling Time | 数字、日期和时间表达

Numbers 0‑100 are used daily for age, price, phone numbers and dates. Note that ‘two’ becomes èr when counting but liǎng before measure words, e.g. liǎng gè rén (two people). Dates follow the pattern Year‑Month‑Day: èr líng èr wǔ nián wǔ yuè èrshí hào (20 May 2025). For time, say xiànzài jǐ diǎn? (What time is it?) and answer with e.g. liǎng diǎn bàn (half past two). Using half‑past, quarter‑past and the ‘diǎn – fēn’ pattern correctly will boost your spoken fluency in routine exchanges.

数字 0‑100 日常用来表达年龄、价格、电话和日期。注意‘二’计数时读 èr，但在量词前用‘两’，如‘两个人’。日期遵循年‑月‑日的顺序：二零二五年五月二十号。询问时间时说‘现在几点？’，回答如‘两点半’。正确使用半、刻以及‘点‑分’结构能让你在日常对话中更流利。

4. Family Members and Describing People | 家庭成员与人物描述

Family is a central topic in Identity and Culture. Learn core terms: bàba, māma, gēge, jiějie, dìdi, mèimei, and extend to grandparents yéye, nǎinai, wàigōng, wàipó. Describing appearance and personality uses adjectives such as gāo (tall), ǎi (short), piàoliang (pretty), cōngming (clever). Use degree adverbs like hěn (very), tèbié (especially) before adjectives; do not add shì before adjectives. The possessive particle de links family: wǒ māma de péngyou (my mother’s friend). Combining these patterns lets you talk about who lives at home and what they are like.

家庭是身份与文化主题的核心。学习核心称呼：爸爸、妈妈、哥哥、姐姐、弟弟、妹妹，并扩展到祖父母：爷爷、奶奶、外公、外婆。描述外貌和性格使用形容词如‘高’、‘矮’、‘漂亮’、‘聪明’。在形容词前用程度副词‘很’、‘特别’；形容词前不要加‘是’。助词‘的’连接家庭关系：我妈妈的朋友。综合这些句型你就能谈论家人及其特点。

5. Daily Routine and Hobbies | 日常生活与爱好

Describing a typical day helps you use time expressions, verbs and the particle le for completed actions. Start with Wǒ měitiān … (Every day I …). Chain activities: wǒ qī diǎn qǐchuáng (I get up at seven), ránhòu chī zǎofàn (then eat breakfast). To express hobbies, use xǐhuan (like) plus an activity: Wǒ xǐhuan tī zúqiú (I like playing football). When you say how often, place frequency words before the verb: wǒ jīngcháng kàn diànyǐng (I often watch films). The sentence pattern … de shíhou (when …) allows you to add detail: Wǒ zuò yùndòng de shíhou hěn kāixīn (I am very happy when I do exercise).

描述一天的起居帮助你运用时间词、动词和表示完成的‘了’。以‘我每天…’开头，串联活动：我七点起床，然后吃早饭。表达爱好用‘喜欢’加活动：我喜欢踢足球。表示频率时把频度副词放在动词前：我经常看电影。句型‘…的时候’可以补充细节：我做运动的时候很开心。

6. Food, Meals and Ordering | 食物、餐点与点餐

Food vocabulary covers staples like mǐfàn (rice), miàntiáo (noodles), ròu (meat), shūcài (vegetables) and drinks such as chá (tea), kělè (cola). When ordering, use Wǒ yào … (I would like …) or Qǐng gěi wǒ … (Please give me …) followed by a measure word and the dish. Ask about preferences: Nǐ xiǎng chī shénme? (What would you like to eat?). For comments, hǎochī (delicious), tài là le (too spicy), and wǒ bù chī ròu (I don’t eat meat) are very useful. Remember to use the pattern ‘Verb + guò’ to talk about food you have tried: Wǒ chī guo kǎoyā (I have eaten roast duck).

食物词汇覆盖米饭、面条、肉、蔬菜等主食，以及茶、可乐等饮品。点餐时用‘我要…’或‘请给我…’，后面加量词和菜品。询问偏好时说‘你想吃什么？’。评价食物时‘好吃’、‘太辣了’和‘我不吃肉’非常实用。记住用‘动词+过’谈论吃过的食物：我吃过烤鸭。

7. School Life and Subjects | 学校生活与科目

School topics enable you to describe subjects, timetables and opinions. Core words: shùxué (maths), yīngyǔ (English), kēxué (science), lìshǐ (history). Say Wǒ xué … (I study …) and express preferences with róngyì (easy), nán (difficult), yǒuqù (interesting). The comparative structure A bǐ B + adjective helps: Yīngyǔ bǐ shùxué róngyì (English is easier than maths). Time‑related sentences include … zài … zhīhòu (after …) and yīnwèi … suǒyǐ … (because … so …). Practise linking opinions and reasons: Wǒ zuì xǐhuan kēxué, yīnwèi hěn yǒuqù (I like science most because it is very interesting). This mirrors the writing task demands.

学校话题让你描述科目、时间表和观点。核心词汇：数学、英语、科学、历史。用‘我学…’表达所学，并用‘容易’、‘难’、‘有趣’表达偏好。比较结构‘A 比 B + 形容词’很有帮助：英语比数学容易。时间关联句包括‘…在…之后’，以及‘因为…所以…’。练习连接观点和理由：我最喜欢科学，因为很有趣。这与写作任务的要求匹配。

8. Travel, Transport and Holidays | 旅游、交通与假日

Holiday conversations need transport verbs (zuò (sit/take), qí (ride), kāi (drive)) and places. Say Wǒ zuò huǒchē qù … (I go by train to …) or Wǒ qí zìxíngchē qù gōngyuán (I ride a bike to the park). Past holidays require le: qùnián wǒ qù le Fǎguó (Last year I went to France). Talk about future plans using yào or xiǎng: zhège shǔjià wǒ yào qù Rìběn (This summer holiday I am going to Japan). Describing the trip uses juéde (feel) and kànjiàn (see): Wǒ kànjiàn le hěn duō míngshèng (I saw many famous sites). The sentence … guò … cì (… have been … times) helps to discuss travel experience: Wǒ qù guo Zhōngguó yī cì (I have been to China once).

假日对话需要交通动词（坐、骑、开）和地点词。说‘我坐火车去…’或‘我骑自行车去公园’。过去的假期用‘了’：去年我去了法国。谈论未来计划用‘要’或‘想’：这个暑假我要去日本。描述旅行用‘觉得’和‘看见’：我看见了很多名胜。‘…过…次’用来谈论旅行经历：我去过中国一次。

9. Weather and Seasons | 天气与季节

Weather is a common conversation starter. Learn tiānqì (weather), and the four seasons: chūntiān, xiàtiān, qiūtiān, dōngtiān. Key adjectives: rè (hot), lěng (cold), nuǎnhuo (warm), liángkuai (cool). Use Tiānqì zěnmeyàng? (How is the weather?) and reply e.g. Jīntiān hěn rè, yǒu sānshí dù (Today is very hot, 30 degrees). The structure … de shíhou, tiānqì … (When …, the weather is …) can link seasons and activities: Xiàtiān de shíhou, tiānqì rè, wǒ xǐhuan yóuyǒng (In summer the weather is hot, I like swimming). Extreme weather such as xià yǔ (rain) and guā fēng (windy) extends the range of responses expected in the listening and speaking exams.

天气是常见的寒暄话题。学习‘天气’和四季：春天、夏天、秋天、冬天。关键形容词：热、冷、暖和、凉快。用‘天气怎么样？’提问，回答如‘今天很热，有三十度’。句型‘…的时候，天气…’可连接季节和活动：夏天的时候，天气热，我喜欢游泳。极端天气如下雨、刮风扩展了听力和口语考试中预期的应答范围。

10. Festivals and Traditions | 节日与传统

Festival knowledge satisfies the cultural element of the WJEC specification and often appears in reading texts. Major Chinese festivals: Chūnjié (Spring Festival), Duānwǔjié (Dragon Boat Festival), Zhōngqiūjié (Mid‑Autumn Festival). For each, learn the date (lunar calendar), typical foods (jiǎozi, zòngzi, yuèbǐng) and activities (tiē chūnlián, sàilóngzhōu, shǎngyuè). Useful patterns: Zài Chūnjié, rénmen chī jiǎozi (At Spring Festival, people eat dumplings). Expressing preferences: Wǒ zuì xǐhuan Zhōngqiūjié, yīnwèi kěyǐ yījiātuányuán (I like Mid‑Autumn Festival most because families can reunite). Comparing with Western festivals using bǐ and gèng (more) deepens your cultural commentary.

了解节日满足 WJEC 大纲的文化要求，也常出现在阅读篇章中。中国主要节日：春节、端午节、中秋节。学习每个节日的时间（农历）、典型食物（饺子、粽子、月饼）和活动（贴春联、赛龙舟、赏月）。实用句型：在春节，人们吃饺子。表达偏好：我最喜欢中秋节，因为可以一家团圆。用‘比’和‘更’比较中西节日可以加深文化评述。

11. Key Grammar Points: Measure Words, Aspect Markers and Comparatives | 关键语法点：量词、时态助词与比较句

Grammar accuracy is a major differentiator in writing and speaking. Measure words (liàngcí) must sit between a number/demonstrative and a noun: yī běn shū (one book), liǎng zhāng zhǐ (two sheets of paper), zhè jiàn yīfu (this piece of clothing). Common measure words are shown below:

Measure Word	Example	Meaning
gè	yī gè rén	one person
zhī	liǎng zhī māo	two cats
tiáo	yī tiáo kùzi	one pair of trousers
bēi	sān bēi chá	three cups of tea

For aspect, le indicates a completed action (Wǒ chī le zǎofàn – I ate breakfast), guò signals past experience (wǒ kàn guo zhè bù diànyǐng – I have seen this film), and zhe describes an ongoing state (mén kāi zhe – the door is open). Comparatives using bǐ: X bǐ Y + adjective (Tā bǐ wǒ gāo – He is taller than me). Adding gèng or zuì extends to superlatives. Master these and you will avoid the most common error of omitting measure words or misplacing le.

语法准确度是写作与口语中拉开差距的关键。量词必须放在数字/指示词和名词之间：一本书、两张纸、这件衣服。常用量词见下表。体貌助词方面，‘了’表动作完成（我吃了早饭），‘过’表经历（我看过这部电影），‘着’表持续状态（门开着）。比较句用‘比’：X 比 Y + 形容词（他比我高）。加上‘更’或‘最’扩展到最高级。掌握这些就能避免漏掉量词或错放‘了’等最常见错误。

12. The “把” Sentence and Passive Voice | “把”字句与被动句

The 把 (bǎ) construction is a distinctive and high‑yield sentence pattern for higher‑tier candidates. It emphasises what happens to an object: Subject + bǎ + Object + Verb + Complement. Example: Wǒ bǎ píngguǒ chī le (I ate the apple – emphasis on finishing the apple). It is often used when an action causes a change of state or location: qǐng bǎ shū fàng zài zhuōzi shang (Please put the book on the table). The passive is formed with bèi: Object + bèi + (Agent) + Verb + Complement: Píngguǒ bèi wǒ chī le (The apple was eaten by me). Both structures appear in reading comprehension and add sophistication to writing, but require careful practice to use correctly.

‘把’字句是一种独特且高分潜力的句型，特别适合高阶考生。它强调对宾语做了什么：主语 + 把 + 宾语 + 动词 + 补语。例如：我把苹果吃了（强调苹果被吃掉了）。当动作导致状态或地点变化时常用：请把书放在桌子上。被动句用‘被’：宾语 + 被 +（施事者）+ 动词 + 补语：苹果被我吃了。这两种结构都出现在阅读理解中，并在写作中增加复杂度，但需要认真练习才能正确使用。

Published by TutorHao | WJEC Chinese Revision Series | aleveler.com

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