📚 Year 10 CCEA Engineering: Vocabulary Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | 英国CCEA Year 10工程：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the essential vocabulary in CCEA Year 10 Engineering is the foundation of your success. This guide provides creative memory aids to help you recall key terms across materials, manufacturing, mechanics, electronics, and design. Each term is broken down with a simple memory hook, making revision more efficient and less stressful.
掌握CCEA Year 10工程中的核心词汇是你成功的基石。本指南提供创意记忆法，帮助你记住材料、制造、力学、电子和设计等关键术语。每个术语都配有一个简单的记忆钩子，让复习更高效、更轻松。
1. Materials Classification | 材料分类术语
Ferrous Metals – These contain iron, making them magnetic and prone to rust. Remember: ‘ferrous’ shares its root with the Latin ‘ferrum’ (iron). The chemical symbol Fe is your instant clue.
铁金属 – 含有铁，因而有磁性且容易生锈。记住：’ferrous’一词的词根来自拉丁语’ferrum’（铁）。化学符号Fe就是你的即时线索。
Non-Ferrous Metals – Metals without iron, such as aluminium and copper. They are non-magnetic and usually more corrosion-resistant. Think ‘non-ferrous = no iron’ to keep them separate.
非铁金属 – 不含铁的金属，比如铝和铜。它们无磁性，通常更耐腐蚀。用 ‘非铁 = 没有铁’ 这个简单判断来区分。
Alloys – Mixtures of a metal with other elements to improve properties. For instance, steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. The memory trick: ‘Alloy = all the good bits mixed together’.
合金 – 由一种金属与其他元素混合以改善性能。例如钢是铁和碳的合金。记忆窍门：’合金就是把所有好东西混合在一起’。
Polymers – Long-chain molecules that form plastics, such as polythene. They can be thermoforming (reshapable when heated) or thermosetting (permanent set). Picture ‘poly’ meaning many, and ‘mer’ meaning parts – many repeating parts.
聚合物 – 长链分子构成的塑料，如聚乙烯。它们可以是热塑性（加热可重塑）或热固性（永久定型）。联想一下：’poly’意为多，’mer’意为单体——许多重复单元。
2. Manufacturing Processes | 制造工艺术语
Casting – Pouring molten metal into a mould to create a shape. Visualise the word ‘cast’ as in casting a spell – the liquid takes the shape of the mould just like magic.
铸造 – 将熔融金属浇入模具以形成形状。把’cast’想象成施展魔法——液体像变魔术一样呈现模具的形状。
Forging – Shaping metal using compressive forces, often while hot. The phrase ‘forge ahead’ suggests strength and force, exactly what this process does to metal.
锻造 – 使用压缩力（通常是热态下）对金属成形。短语’forge ahead’（稳步前进）暗示力量，这正是锻造对金属的作用。
Injection Moulding – Melting plastic pellets and injecting them into a mould under pressure. Remember it by the medical analogy: injecting a dose of plastic into the mould cavity.
注塑成型 – 熔化塑料颗粒并在压力下将其注入模具。用医学类比来记：像注射一剂塑料到模腔中。
Welding – Joining metals by melting the edges and adding filler material. The ‘weld’ sounds like ‘well’ – creating a strong, well-joined bond.
焊接 – 通过熔化边缘并添加填充材料来连接金属。’weld’听起来像’well’——形成一个坚固、良好的连接。
3. Mechanical Systems | 机械系统术语
Lever – A rigid bar pivoted on a fulcrum to move a load with effort. Memorise the three parts: Effort, Fulcrum, Load (EFL). Think of a see-saw; the centre is the fulcrum.
杠杆 – 一根在支点上转动的刚性杆，用动力移动负载。记住三个部分：动力、支点、负载（EFL）。想象跷跷板，中心就是支点。
Mechanical Advantage (MA) – The ratio of load to effort. Formula: MA = Load ÷ Effort. If the load is twice the effort, MA = 2. The bigger the MA, the easier the task.
Mechanical Advantage = Load / Effort
机械效益 (MA) – 负载与动力的比值。公式：MA = 负载 ÷ 动力。如果负载是动力的两倍，MA = 2。MA越大，工作越省力。
Gear Ratio – The ratio of the number of teeth on two meshing gears. A small gear turning a larger one multiplies torque. Use the phrase ‘More Teeth, More Torque’ to recall the effect.
Gear Ratio = Teeth on Driven Gear / Teeth on Driver Gear
齿轮比 – 两个啮合齿轮的齿数比。小齿轮驱动大齿轮会增矩。用’更多齿，更大扭矩’来记忆效果。
4. Electronic Components | 电子元件术语
Resistor – A component that limits current flow. Its value is measured in ohms (Ω). The colour bands indicate resistance; remember ‘Big Brown Rabbits Often Yell Great Big Sounds’ for the code: Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White.
电阻器 – 限制电流的元件，单位欧姆(Ω)。色环表示阻值；记忆色码口诀可自编，如’黑棕红橙黄绿蓝紫灰白’。
Diode – Allows current to flow in one direction only, like a one-way valve. Think of the arrow in its symbol pointing the allowed direction; the ‘d’ in diode stands for ‘direction’.
二极管 – 只允许电流单向流动，类似单向阀。想象其符号中的箭头指向允许的方向；’diode’里的’d’代表’direction’。
Capacitor – Stores electrical charge, measured in farads. It charges and discharges like a tiny rechargeable battery. Picture a ‘capacity’ tank that fills up and empties.
电容器 – 储存电荷，单位法拉。它像微型充电电池一样充放电。把它想象成一个’容量’水箱，可以充满和排空。
Ohm’s Law – The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance: V = I × R. If you know two values, you can find the third. Recall the triangle: V on top, I and R on the bottom.
Voltage (V) = Current (I) × Resistance (R)
欧姆定律 – 电压、电流和电阻的关系：V = I × R。知道其中两个，就能求出第三个。记住三角图：V在上，I和R在下。
5. Structures & Forces | 结构与力学术语
Tension – A pulling force that stretches a material. Think of a tensioned guitar string; the word ‘tense’ means stretched tight.
拉伸 – 使材料伸长的拉力。想想调紧的吉他弦；’tense’一词就是拉紧的意思。
Compression – A pushing force that squeezes a material. Memory hook: ‘compress’ as in packing a suitcase – you push things together.
压缩 – 挤压材料的推力。记忆钩子：就像打包行李箱——把东西压紧。
Shear – A force that makes parts slide past each other in opposite directions. Visualise scissors cutting paper; the blades apply shear to slice through.
剪切 – 使各部分沿相反方向滑动的力。想象剪刀剪纸；刀片施加剪力以切断。
Torsion – A twisting force. A torsion bar in a car suspension twists to absorb shock. The word looks like ‘twist’ plus ‘torsion’ – almost self-explanatory.
扭转 – 扭转力。汽车悬挂中的扭杆通过扭转来吸收震动。这个词看起来就像 ‘twist’ 加 ‘torsion’，几乎不言自明。
6. Design Process | 设计流程术语
Design Brief – A clear statement of the problem, requirements, and constraints from the client. Remember ‘BRIEF’ as: Background, Restraints, Intent, Ends, Features.
设计纲要 – 客户对问题、要求和限制的明确陈述。记住’BRIEF’五个字母：背景、限制、意图、目标、特征。
Specification – A detailed list of criteria the solution must meet. It is derived from the brief. Think of it as the ‘specs’ that the design must fit, like glasses correcting your vision to exact needs.
设计规范 – 解决方案必须满足的详细标准清单。它源自设计纲要。把它想象成设计必须符合的’度数’，就像眼镜精确矫正视力。
Evaluation – Testing a prototype against the specification and making improvements. The cycle of evaluate and refine is key. Link it to ‘value’ – you are assessing the value of your design.
评估 – 对照规范测试原型并进行改进。评估与改进的循环是关键。将其与’价值’关联——你在评估设计方案的价值。
7. Measurement & Tolerance | 测量与公差术语
Tolerance – The permissible limit of variation in a dimension. A tight tolerance means very little deviation is allowed. Remember: ‘tolerate’ means how much variation you can put up with.
公差 – 尺寸允许的变动范围。紧公差意味着允许非常小的偏差。记住：’tolerate’就是你能忍受多少偏差。
Vernier Caliper – A precision measuring tool for length, depth, and internal/external diameters. The Vernier scale gives readings to 0.1 mm or better. Visualise the extra ‘vernier’ scale sliding alongside the main scale like a tiny twin.
游标卡尺 – 精密测量长度、深度和内/外径的工具。游标刻度可读至0.1毫米或更精细。把游标刻度想象成主刻度旁滑动的’孪生小尺’。
Clearance Fit – When a shaft is slightly smaller than the hole, allowing free movement. Think of a loose key in a keyhole. The opposite is an interference fit, where the shaft is larger and must be forced in.
间隙配合 – 轴比孔略小，可自由运动。想象一把松动的钥匙在锁孔里。相反的是过盈配合，轴更大，需压入。
8. Energy & Power | 能量与功率术语
Work Done – Energy transferred by a force moving an object. Formula: Work = Force × Distance. If you push a box 5 m with 10 N, work done = 50 J. A simple rhyme: ‘Work that force across the course’.
Work Done (J) = Force (N) × Distance (m)
做功 – 力移动物体时传递的能量。公式：功 = 力 × 距离。如果用10牛的力推箱子移动5米，做功50焦。简单口诀：’使力过距离，就是做了功’。
Power – The rate of doing work, measured in watts (W). Power = Work Done ÷ Time. A machine that does 100 J of work in 2 seconds has a power of 50 W. Think ‘Power is how quickly you can work’.
Power (W) = Work Done (J) / Time (s)
功率 – 做功的速率，单位瓦特(W)。功率 = 功 ÷ 时间。一台机器在2秒内做100焦的功，功率为50瓦。记住’功率就是你干活的速度’。
Kinetic Energy – Energy possessed by a moving object. KE = ½ × mass × velocity². A football kicked harder gains more KE. The word ‘kinetic’ comes from ‘kinesis’ meaning motion.
Kinetic Energy (J) = ½ × m × v²
动能 – 运动物体具有的能量。KE = ½ × 质量 × 速度²。足球被踢得越用力，动能越大。’kinetic’源自’kinesis’，意为运动。
9. Safety & Legislation | 安全与法规术语
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) – Equipment worn to reduce exposure to hazards, e.g. goggles, gloves, steel-toe boots. The mnemonic: ‘Protects People Everywhere’ to remember PPE.
个人防护装备 (PPE) – 用于减少危害暴露的装备，如护目镜、手套、安全鞋。记忆：’保护每个人在任何地方’。
Risk Assessment – A systematic process of identifying hazards and evaluating risks. The 5 steps are: Identify hazards, decide who might be harmed, evaluate risks, record findings, and review. Acronym: ‘IDEARR’ – Identify, Decide, Evaluate, Assess risk, Record, Review.
风险评估 – 系统识别危险并评价风险的过程。5个步骤：识别危险、确定受影响人员、评估风险、记录结果、复查。首字母缩略词’IDEARR’帮助记忆。
COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) – Regulations requiring the control of harmful substances such as chemicals, fumes, and dust. Think ‘Caution Over Substances Harmful to Health’ to decode the acronym.
有害健康物质控制法规 (COSHH) – 要求控制化学品、烟雾、粉尘等有害物质的法规。把缩写COSHH扩展为’小心有害健康的物质’来记忆。
10. Quality & Testing | 质量与检测术语
Quality Assurance (QA) – Planned activities to ensure a product will meet quality requirements. Focused on preventing defects. Remember ‘QA = Quality Assured before making’, like a recipe that guarantees a good cake.
质量保证 (QA) – 为确保产品满足质量要求而进行的计划活动。重点在预防缺陷。记住’QA = 制造前就保证质量’，就像一份保证做出好蛋糕的配方。
Quality Control (QC) – Operational techniques and inspections that check products against standards. Catches defects after production. Think ‘QC = Quality Checked after making’.
质量控制 (QC) – 检查产品是否符合标准的操作技术和检验。在生产后捕获缺陷。记住’QC = 制造后检查质量’。
Destructive Testing – Testing that damages or destroys the sample to assess properties, such as tensile or impact tests. You ‘destroy to know’. This helps measure the ultimate strength of a material.
破坏性测试 – 通过损坏或破坏样品来评估性能的测试，如拉伸或冲击测试。’破坏是为了了解’。这有助于测量材料的极限强度。
Standard – A documented agreement containing technical specifications, such as British Standard (BS). Standards ensure consistency and safety. The ‘S’ in BS stands for ‘Standard’, a signpost to reliability.
标准 – 包含技术规范的成文协议，如英国标准(BS)。标准确保一致性和安全性。BS中的’S’代表’标准’，是可靠性的路标。
Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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