CAIE IGCSE English: Vocabulary Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | CAIE IGCSE 英语：词汇术语速记指南

📚 CAIE IGCSE English: Vocabulary Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | CAIE IGCSE 英语：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering the technical vocabulary required for CAIE IGCSE English can feel like learning a new language, but with the right shortcuts, you can recall literary and linguistic terms accurately under exam pressure. This guide pairs every term with a concise definition and a memorable trigger, covering figurative language, sound devices, persuasive techniques, structural features, and more. You will also find command‑word definitions and mnemonics that turn tricky terminology into instant recognition.

掌握 CAIE IGCSE 英语所需的技术词汇，有时就像在学习一门新语言，但借助正确的捷径，你可以在考试压力下准确回忆文学与语言学名词。本指南为每一个术语配上简明定义与易记的触发点，涵盖比喻性语言、声韵手法、说服技巧、结构特征等内容。你还会看到考题指令词定义和助记口诀，把棘手术语变成瞬间识别。

1. Figurative Language | 比喻性语言

Simile: A comparison using ‘like’ or ‘as’. To remember, link ‘simile’ with ‘similar’ – both begin with ‘s’ and point to resemblance.

明喻：使用 ‘like’ 或 ‘as’ 进行的比较。助记：将 ‘simile’ 与 ‘similar（相似）’ 联系起来——两者都以 ‘s’ 开头，都指向相似性。

Metaphor: A direct comparison stating that something is another thing. Think of a ‘meta‑phor’ as a ‘meta‑form’ – it transforms one image into another without a signal word.

隐喻：直接将一事物说成是另一事物的比较。可以想象 ‘meta‑phor’ 如同 ‘meta‑form（形态转换）’——它无需提示词就把一个意象转化成另一个。

Personification: Giving human qualities to inanimate objects or ideas. The word ‘person’ is inside it; you are putting a ‘person’ into a thing.

拟人：赋予无生命物体或概念人的特质。词根里有 ‘person’，就是往事物里放进一个人的特征。

Hyperbole: Deliberate exaggeration for effect, not to be taken literally. Sounds like ‘hyper bowl’ – imagine a bowl so gigantic it is a huge overstatement.

夸张：为达效果故意夸大其词，不照字面理解。读音像 ‘hyper bowl’，想象一只超级大碗，就是极端的夸大。

Oxymoron: Two contradictory terms placed together, e.g. ‘bitter sweet’. Picture ‘ox’ (strong) and ‘moron’ (foolish) forced into one – the clash creates a compact paradox.

矛盾修辞：两个矛盾的词放在一起，如 ‘bitter sweet’。想象 ‘ox’（强壮的牛）和 ‘moron’（傻瓜）硬挤在一起，冲突产生微型悖论。

2. Sound Devices | 声韵手法

Alliteration: Repetition of initial consonant sounds in neighbouring words. Memorise with ‘Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers’ – the rapid ‘p’ pops are unmistakable.

头韵：相邻词语词首辅音的重复。记住 ‘Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers’，一连串 ‘p’ 的爆破音令人过耳不忘。

Sibilance: Repetition of soft ‘s’, ‘sh’, ‘z’, ‘zh’ sounds that create a hissing effect. Visualise a snake saying ‘ssss’ – sibilance slithers.

咝音：重复轻柔的 ‘s’、’sh’、’z’、’zh’ 音，制造嘘声效果。想象一条蛇在发 ‘ssss’，咝音就像蛇贴着地面滑动。

Assonance: Repetition of vowel sounds inside words. The ‘a’ in ‘assonance’ echoes the repeated vowel; think of ‘the rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain’.

谐元韵：词语内部元音重复。’assonance’ 本身含重复的元音 ‘a’；想想 ‘the rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain’ 里的 /eɪ/。

Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate natural sounds, like ‘buzz’, ‘crash’. Its long spelling mimics a complicated sound; just remember ‘sound words’.

拟声：模仿自然声音的词，如 ‘buzz’, ‘crash’。拼写虽长却像在模拟复杂声音，只需记牢 ‘声音词’。

3. Persuasive Techniques | 说服技巧

Rhetorical question: A question asked for effect, not expecting an answer. Remind yourself: ‘rhetorical’ = ‘re‑the‑oral question’ – repeated orally just to make you think.

反问：不求回答、旨在强化效果的问题。提示自己：’rhetorical’ 像是 ‘re‑the‑oral question’——口头重复一遍，只为让你思考。

Rule of three / Tripling: Listing three items to create a memorable rhythm. The human brain loves triads; recall ‘life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness’.

三法则 / 三项并列：列举三项以制造难忘节奏。人脑偏爱三件套；回想 ‘生命、自由与追求幸福’。

Emotive language: Words chosen to trigger an emotional response. ‘Emotive’ shares its root with ’emotion’ – the language stirs feelings deliberately.

情感语言：精心选词以引发情感反应。’Emotive’ 与 ’emotion’ 同源——这类语言专门撩动情绪。

Direct address: Using ‘you’, ‘we’ to speak straight to the audience. Think of a pointing finger: ‘you’ pulls the reader into the conversation.

直接称呼：用 ‘you’、’we’ 直接对读者说话。想象一根手指指着你，’you’ 把读者拉进对话。

4. Structural Features | 结构特征

Chronological order: Events arranged in time sequence. ‘Chronos’ = time in Greek; a watch keeps chronological time.

时间顺序：按时间先后排列事件。希腊语 ‘Chronos’ 即时间；钟表走的就是时间顺序。

Flashback: A scene set earlier than the main story. The name says it all: a quick ‘flash’ that takes you ‘back’.

闪回：设定在主线之前的时间点。名字已经说明一切：一道瞬间的 ‘flash’ 把你带回 ‘back’。

Cliffhanger: Ending a section at a moment of suspense. Picture dangling off a cliff – the reader is left hanging, desperate to know what happens next.

悬念结尾：在高潮紧张时刻终止一个片段。想象吊在悬崖边，读者被悬在半空，急着知道下一步。

Juxtaposition: Placing two contrasting ideas next to each other for effect. ‘Juxta’ is Latin for ‘next to’; you just position things side by side.

并置对比：将两个对立物并列以达到效果。拉丁语 ‘juxta’ 意为 ‘在旁边’，你只是把它们并排放着。

5. Word Classes & Grammar Terms | 词类与语法术语

Noun phrase: A group of words built around a noun (e.g. ‘the bright blue sky’). Visualise a noun wearing a phrase‑shaped crown – the phrase expands the noun.

名词短语：围绕名词构成的一组词，如 ‘the bright blue sky’。想象一个名词头戴短语皇冠——短语延伸了名词的意义。

Imperative verb: A bossy verb that commands or instructs. ‘Do this’ – think of an emperor giving an order; ‘imperative’ echoes ’emperor’.

祈使动词：表示命令或指示的「命令式」动词。’Do this’——想象皇帝下令，’imperative’ 与 ’emperor’ 声音相近。

Superlative: Adjective or adverb expressing the highest degree, often ending in ‘-est’ or using ‘most’. Super‑lative sounds like ‘superlative’ – the most superb.

最高级：表达最高程度的形容词或副词，常以 ‘-est’ 或 ‘most’ 结尾。Super‑lative 听上去像 ‘超级的’——最杰出之状。

Modal verb: Auxiliary verbs that express possibility, necessity or permission (can, must, might). M‑O‑D‑A‑L = Might, Ought, Dare, Allow, Likely – a handy acronym.

情态动词：表示可能性、必要性或许可的助动词，如 can, must, might。首字母记忆法：Modal 可拆成 Might, Ought, Dare, Allow, Likely。

6. Tone & Mood Vocabulary | 语气与氛围词汇

Melancholic: A tone of thoughtful sadness. Melon‑cholic: picture a lonely melon on a cold plate – that image often feels melanchol‑ic.

忧郁的：带着沉思悲伤的语气。Melon‑cholic：想象一只孤单的甜瓜待在冷盘子上，这画面常令人忧郁。

Sardonic: Grimly mocking or cynical. ‘Sardine’ + ‘tonic’ – a small fish with a dry, bitter aftertaste, just like sardonic humour.

讥讽的：冷酷嘲笑、挖苦。’Sardine’（沙丁鱼）+ ‘tonic’（汤力水）——一种带着干涩苦涩余味的小鱼，好比讥讽幽默。

Nostalgic: A longing for the past. ‘Nostos’ (return) + ‘algos’ (pain) – the pain of wanting to go home; a tone filled with warm, wistful memories.

怀旧的：对过去的眷恋。’Nostos’（归家）+ ‘algos’（痛苦）——想回家的痛感；充盈着温暖又惆怅的回忆。

Didactic: Intended to instruct or moralise. ‘Did act’ – someone did act like a teacher; a didactic tone teaches you a lesson.

说教的：旨在教导或道德训诫。’Did act’——某人确实表现得像个老师；说教口吻就是给你上一课。

7. Diction & Connotation | 措辞与内涵

Denotation: The literal, dictionary meaning of a word. ‘Denot’ sounds like ‘denote’ – it simply notes the direct meaning.

外延意义：词语的字面、字典意义。’Denot’ 听似 ‘denote（表示）’——它只记录直接含义。

Connotation: The emotional or cultural associations attached to a word. ‘Con’ = together; ‘notation’ = marking – together they mark the extra layers of meaning.

内涵意义：附着在词语上的情感或文化联想。’Con’ = 共同，’notation’ = 标记——共同标记出额外的意义层次。

Colloquial: Informal, everyday speech. Colloquial sounds like ‘collection of local talk’; it belongs to casual conversation.

口语化的：非正式日常用语。Colloquial 发音近似 ‘collection of local talk’，它就是日常闲聊的语言。

Jargon: Specialised vocabulary used by a particular group. Picture a jar labelled ‘goon’ – only the in‑group knows what the jargon means.

行话：特定群体使用的专门词汇。想象一个写着 ‘goon’ 的罐子——只有内部人才懂这句行话的含义。

8. Narrative & Descriptive Techniques | 叙事与描写手法

First‑person narrator: Story told from an ‘I’ perspective. Tip: whenever you spot ‘I’, you are in first‑person mode.

第一人称叙述者：以 ‘我’ 的视角讲述故事。诀窍：一看到 ‘I’，就是第一人称呼叫。

Omniscient narrator: An all‑knowing voice that sees into every character’s thoughts. ‘Omni’ = all; ‘scient’ = knowing – like a god‑like observer.

全知叙述者：洞悉所有角色思想的全知声音。’Omni’ = 全；’scient’ = 知晓——如同上帝视角。

Pathetic fallacy: Attributing human emotions to nature or objects, often reflecting a character’s mood. The ‘pathetic’ here means ‘feeling’; think of weather mirroring a person’s heart.

感情误置：将人的情感赋予自然或物体，常映衬角色心境。这里的 ‘pathetic’ 意指 ‘感受’，想象天气反映人物的内心。

Imagery: Vivid descriptive language that appeals to the senses. Think ‘image’ + ‘ry’ – creating mental images through words.

意象：生动的描述性语言，调动感官。’Image’（图像）+ ‘ry’——用文字创造脑中画面。

9. Mnemonics & Memory Hacks | 速记技巧与助记法

FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions): For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So. The acronym sounds like a group of enthusiastic supporters linking clauses together.

FANBOYS（并列连词）：For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So。首字母缩写像一个热情的粉丝团把分句连接起来。

SOAPSTone (for analysing non‑fiction): Speaker, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Subject, Tone. Use a soapstone to scrub a text clean and reveal its rhetorical layers.

SOAPSTone（非虚构分析）：说话者、场合、受众、目的、主题、语气。用一块滑石（soapstone）擦洗文本，露出修辞层次。

A FOREST (persuasive writing): Alliteration, Facts, Opinions, Rhetorical questions, Emotive language, Statistics, Tripling. A forest full of persuasive trees; each initial stands for a technique you can plant in your essay.

A FOREST（说服写作）：头韵、事实、观点、反问、情感语言、统计数据、三法则。一片长满说服树木的森林，每个首字母都能种进你的文章。

Tone colour wheel: Associate tones with colours – red for angry/passionate, blue for calm/sad, yellow for hopeful. Visualise the colour whenever you describe tone; it triggers vocabulary quickly.

语气色轮：将语气与颜色关联——红代表愤怒/热情，蓝代表平静/悲伤，黄代表希望。描述语气时想象颜色，快速激活词汇。

10. Common Exam Terms & Command Words | 常见考题术语与指令词

Analyse: Break down the text into components and explain how they create meaning. ‘Ana‑lyse’ like ‘anatomy‑lise’ – dissect the text’s anatomy.

分析：将文本拆解成组成部分，说明它们如何构建含义。’Ana‑lyse’ 像是 ‘anatomy‑lise’——解剖文本的结构。

Evaluate: Make a judgement, weighing strengths and weaknesses. E‑valu‑ate: you assign a ‘value’ after examining the evidence.

评价：做出判断，权衡优缺点。E‑valu‑ate：审视证据后赋予 ‘价值’。

Explain: Give reasons or clarify relationships. Imagine ‘ex‑plane’: you flatten the idea out so it can fly clearly in someone’s mind.

解释：给出理由或阐明关系。想象 ‘ex‑plane’（展开机翼）：你铺平想法，让它清晰飞翔。

Compare & Contrast: Identify similarities and differences. Two ‘C’s: Compare = Common; Contrast = Contradict. This simple rhyme keeps them straight.

比较与对比：找出相似点和差异点。两个 ‘C’：Compare 找共同点 (Common)，Contrast 找矛盾 (Contradict)。这个简单押韵可助区分。

11. Quick‑Reference Terminology Table | 术语速查表

The table below condenses several high‑frequency terms with their definitions and instant memory triggers. Use it as a five‑minute warm‑up before a practice paper.

下表浓缩了数个高频术语，配以定义和即时记忆线索，可在练习卷前用作五分钟热身。

Term	Quick Definition	Memory Trigger
Allusion	Indirect reference to another work or event.	‘Allusion’ sounds like ‘illusion’ – it hints at something without direct mention.
Tricolon	Another name for the rule of three.	Tri‑colon: three colons (items) in a row.
Anaphora	Repetition of a word or phrase at the start of clauses.	‘Ana‑phora’ – think of ‘again and again’ starting with ‘a’.
Plosive	Hard, explosive consonant sounds (p, b, t, d, k, g).	A tiny ‘explosion’ of air when you say them.
Irony	Saying the opposite of what you mean for effect.	‘I‑ron‑y’ – you ‘iron’ the meaning upside down.

Refer back to this table whenever you need to refresh your memory; the triggers are designed to activate in seconds.

需要刷新记忆时随时回看此表；这些触发词旨在数秒内激活记忆。

12. Keep a Terminology Log | 坚持做术语日志

Create a personal glossary divided by category. Each entry should feature the term, a concise definition, an example from a past paper, and a doodle or colour code. Review your log for five minutes daily – the visual and physical act of writing strengthens long‑term retention.

制作一个分类个人词汇表。每条包含术语、简要定义、真题例子以及简易涂鸦或颜色标注。每天花五分钟复习日志——书写过程与视觉刺激能强化长期记忆。

Finally, practise retrieving terms without looking: ask a friend to give you a trigger and see how quickly you can produce the term and its definition. The more you challenge your active recall, the faster these words will appear in the exam room.

最后，练习不查资料地回忆术语：让朋友给你一个线索，看你多久能说出术语与定义。越频繁挑战主动回忆，考场上这些词汇就闪现得越快。

Published by TutorHao | English Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）

CAIE IGCSE English: Vocabulary Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | CAIE IGCSE 英语：词汇术语速记指南