CCEA GCSE Physical Education: Core Knowledge Review | CCEA GCSE 体育：核心知识点梳理

📚 CCEA GCSE Physical Education: Core Knowledge Review | CCEA GCSE 体育：核心知识点梳理

Welcome to your Year 11 CCEA GCSE Physical Education revision guide. This article condenses the essential topics from the CCEA specification into clear, bilingual explanations. You will revisit the key body systems, principles of training, components of fitness, sports psychology concepts, and fitness testing methods required for exam success.

欢迎来到 Year 11 CCEA GCSE 体育复习指南。本文根据 CCEA 考试大纲，将核心知识点浓缩为清晰的双语讲解。你将复习关键的身体系统、训练原则、体能组成、运动心理学概念以及体能测试方法，为考试做好准备。

1. Skeletal System and Joint Actions | 骨骼系统与关节动作

The skeleton provides support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production. Bones meet at joints, classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial. Synovial joints are most important in sport, allowing a wide range of movement. Examples include hinge joints (elbow, knee) and ball-and-socket joints (shoulder, hip). Joint movements include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.

骨骼提供支撑、保护、运动、矿物质储存和血细胞生成等功能。骨与骨之间的连接形成关节，分为纤维关节、软骨关节和滑膜关节。滑膜关节在运动中最重要，允许大幅度的动作，例如铰链关节（肘、膝）和球窝关节（肩、髋）。关节动作包括屈、伸、外展、内收、旋转和环转。