📚 Year 11 CAIE Physical Education: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Revision Guide | Year 11 CAIE 体育：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the key terms is essential for success in CAIE IGCSE Physical Education. This guide provides a rapid overview of vocabulary across all topic areas, with bilingual definitions to strengthen your recall and boost your exam confidence.
掌握关键术语对于在 CAIE IGCSE 体育中取得成功至关重要。本指南提供了所有主题领域的词汇速览，并配有双语定义，以加强记忆并提升考试信心。
1. Components of Fitness | 体适能组成部分
Fitness components are divided into health-related and skill-related categories. Knowing their precise definitions helps you analyse performance and design effective training programmes.
体适能组成部分分为健康相关和技能相关类别。掌握其准确定义有助于分析运动表现和设计有效的训练计划。
| English Term & Definition | 中文术语与定义 |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular endurance (aerobic capacity): the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to muscles during sustained exercise. | 心血管耐力（有氧能力）：在持续运动过程中心肺向肌肉供氧的能力。 |
| Muscular endurance: the ability of a muscle or muscle group to sustain repeated contractions over time. | 肌肉耐力：肌肉或肌群长时间持续重复收缩的能力。 |
| Strength: the maximum force a muscle or muscle group can exert against a resistance. | 力量：肌肉或肌群对抗阻力所能产生的最大力。 |
| Flexibility: the range of motion (ROM) around a joint. | 柔韧性：关节的活动范围。 |
| Body composition: the relative percentage of fat, muscle, bone and other tissues in the body. | 身体成分：身体中脂肪、肌肉、骨骼等组织的相对百分比。 |
| Agility: the ability to change direction quickly while maintaining control. | 敏捷性：快速改变方向并保持控制的能力。 |
| Balance: maintaining the centre of mass over the base of support. | 平衡：使重心保持在支撑面内。 |
| Coordination: the ability to use two or more body parts together smoothly and efficiently. | 协调性：流畅高效地同时使用两个或多个身体部位的能力。 |
| Power: the product of strength and speed; the ability to exert maximum force at speed. | 爆发力：力量与速度的乘积；在速度中发挥最大力量的能力。 |
| Reaction time: the time taken to initiate a response to a stimulus. | 反应时：从接受刺激到开始做出反应的时间。 |
| Speed: the ability to move the body or a body part quickly over a given distance. | 速度：快速移动身体或身体部位覆盖特定距离的能力。 |
2. Principles of Training & FITT | 训练原则与FITT
Applying the principles of training ensures that exercise programmes are safe, progressive and tailored to individual goals. FITT helps control the overload variables.
运用训练原则可确保锻炼计划安全、渐进而又有针对性地实现个人目标。FITT 帮助控制超负荷变量。
| English Term & Definition | 中文术语与定义 |
|---|---|
| Specificity: training must be relevant to the sport and the individual’s needs. | 专项性：训练必须与运动项目和个人需求相关。 |
| Progression: gradually increasing training demands as fitness improves. | 渐进性：随着体适能提高逐步增加训练负荷。 |
| Overload: training harder than the body is accustomed to, using FITT variables. | 超负荷：训练强度超过身体已适应的水平，通过 FITT 变量实现。 |
| Reversibility: fitness is lost when training stops or intensity decreases. | 可逆性：停止训练或降低强度后体适能下降。 |
| Tedium: boredom from repetitive training, leading to loss of motivation. | 单调性：重复训练导致无聊，失去动力。 |
| FITT – Frequency: how often training sessions occur per week. | Published by TutorHao | Year 11 体育 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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