IGCSE Cambridge Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Memory Guide | IGCSE 剑桥西班牙语:词汇术语速记指南

📚 IGCSE Cambridge Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Memory Guide | IGCSE 剑桥西班牙语:词汇术语速记指南

Preparing for the Cambridge IGCSE Spanish exam means building a solid core of vocabulary across a range of everyday topics. This guide focuses on high-frequency terms grouped by theme, with memory tricks and exam-relevant context. Whether you are aiming for a grade 4 or pushing for a 9, remembering these words effectively can give you confidence in all four papers. Use the paired English–Chinese explanations to lock in meaning faster.

备战剑桥 IGCSE 西班牙语考试意味着要在多个日常话题中积累扎实的核心词汇。本指南按主题归类高频词语,并附有记忆技巧和贴近考纲的语境。无论你的目标是 4 分还是力争 9 分,高效记住这些词汇都能让你在四份考卷中更自信。借助英中对照讲解,快速巩固词义。

1. Essential Verbs for Everyday Communication | 日常交流必备动词

ser – to be (permanent). Used for identity, origin, time. Tip: link ‘ser’ with ‘Sir’ – a knight is always a knight.

ser – 是(永久性)。用于身份、出处、时间。记法:将“ser”与“Sir”(爵士)关联——爵士头衔终身不变。

estar – to be (temporary). For location, mood, condition. Tip: ‘estar’ sounds like ‘star’ – a star’s position in the sky changes.

estar – 是(暂时性)。表示位置、情绪、状态。记法:“estar”发音像“star”(星星)——星星的位置会变化。

tener – to have. Also used in age expressions (tengo quince años). Tip: ‘tener’ → ‘ten’ – you hold ten fingers.

tener – 有。也用于表达年龄(tengo quince años 我十五岁)。记法:“tener”联想“ten”(十)——你拥有十根手指。

hacer – to do / to make. Used for weather (hace frío). Tip: ‘hacer’ sounds like ‘hacker’ – a hacker makes things happen.

hacer – 做,制作。用于天气表达(hace frío 天冷)。记法:“hacer”发音像“hacker”(黑客)——黑客制造事情。

ir – to go. Irregular: voy, vas, va. Tip: think of ‘ir’ as ‘I run’, so I go.

ir – 去。不规则变化:voy, vas, va。记法:将“ir”想成“I run”(我跑),所以我走了。


2. Family & Personal Descriptions | 家庭与个人描述

la familia – the family. Tip: ‘familia’ is similar to ‘familiar’ – your family is familiar.

la familia – 家庭。记法:“familia”和“familiar”(熟悉的)相似——家人是最熟悉的。

el hermano / la hermana – brother / sister. Tip: ‘hermano’ sounds like ‘herman’ – think of a brother as a ‘her man’.

el hermano / la hermana – 兄弟 / 姐妹。记法:“hermano”发音近似“her man”(她的男人),想象兄弟是她的男性家人。

el padre / la madre – father / mother. Easy to link to ‘paternal’ and ‘maternal’.

el padre / la madre – 父亲 / 母亲。容易与英语词根“paternal”和“maternal”关联。

alto/a – tall. Opposite: bajo/a – short. Tip: ‘alto’ like ‘altitude’.

alto/a – 高的。反义词:bajo/a – 矮的。记法:“alto”像“altitude”(海拔)。

simpático/a – nice, friendly. Tip: ‘sympathetic’ in English is a false friend; in Spanish it means nice, not sharing feelings.

simpático/a – 友好的,和善的。提醒:英语的“sympathetic”是假朋友;西班牙语中表示和善,而非同情。


3. Food, Drink & Shopping | 饮食与购物

la comida – food / meal. Tip: ‘comida’ sounds like ‘come EAT ah’ – come eat!

la comida – 食物 / 一餐。记法:“comida”读音像“come EAT ah”——来吃啊!

el pan – bread. Tip: ‘pan’ is like ‘pan’ flat surface; bread is baked in a pan.

el pan – 面包。记法:“pan”像平底锅“pan”——面包在锅中烘烤。

el agua – water (feminine noun but uses ‘el’ for pronunciation). Tip: ‘agua’ sounds like ‘a gwa’ – think of a water gush.

el agua – 水(阴性名词但为了发音用“el”)。记法:“agua”发音类似“a gwa”——想象水涌出。

la fruta – fruit. Tip: ‘fruta’ → ‘fruity’ – naturally fruity.

la fruta – 水果。记法:“fruta”联想“fruity”(果味的)。

caro/a – expensive. barato/a – cheap. Tip: ‘caro’ like ‘car’ – cars are expensive. ‘barato’ like ‘bargain’ rate.

caro/a – 贵的。barato/a – 便宜的。记法:“caro”像“car”(汽车)——汽车很贵;“barato”像“bargain”(便宜货)。


4. School & Education | 学校与教育

el instituto – secondary school. Tip: ‘instituto’ like ‘institute’ – place of learning.

el instituto – 中学。记法:“instituto”像“institute”(学院)。

la asignatura – subject. Tip: break as ‘a sign a tura’ – imagine signing up for a subject.

la asignatura – 科目。记法:拆成“a sign a tura”——想象报名一个科目。

el profesor / la profesora – teacher. Tip: ‘profesor’ is clear; note the feminine form adds -a.

el profesor / la profesora – 教师。记法:拼写清晰,注意阴性加 -a。

estudiar – to study. Tip: ‘estudiar’ → ‘study’ ar – study hard.

estudiar – 学习。记法:“estudiar”包含“study”——study hard。

el examen – exam. Tip: ‘examen’ is almost identical to ‘exam’.

el examen – 考试。记法:与英语“exam”几乎一样。


5. Travel & Transport | 旅行与交通

el viaje – trip, journey. Tip: ‘viaje’ sounds like ‘vee-ah-hey’ – say ‘viaje’ when you go on a voyage.

el viaje – 旅行。记法:“viaje”读音似“vee-ah-hey”——与“voyage”(航程)关联。

el billete – ticket. Tip: ‘billete’ like ‘bill’ + ‘ette’ – a small bill (note) for travel.

el billete – 票。记法:“billete”像“bill”(钞票)+“ette”(小)——旅行用的小额票据。

la estación de tren – train station. Tip: ‘estación’ = station; ‘tren’ = train. Very similar to English.

la estación de tren – 火车站。记法:“estación”即“station”,“tren”即“train”,与英语相似。

el aeropuerto – airport. Tip: ‘aero’ = air, ‘puerto’ = port – air port.

el aeropuerto – 机场。记法:“aero”=空气,“puerto”=港口——空港。

llegar – to arrive. Tip: ‘llegar’ sounds like ‘yeah gar’ – you finally arrive, say ‘yeah’!

llegar – 到达。记法:“llegar”音似“yeah gar”——到达时欢呼“yeah”!


6. Time, Dates & Schedules | 时间、日期与日程

la hora – hour, time. Tip: ‘hora’ like ‘hour’ – just drop the ‘u’.

la hora – 小时,时间。记法:“hora”像“hour”——去掉一个 u。

el lunes – Monday. Days of the week: lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado, domingo. Tip: Tuesday ‘martes’ like Mars (day of Mars), Wednesday ‘miércoles’ like Mercury, Thursday ‘jueves’ like Jupiter, Friday ‘viernes’ like Venus.

el lunes – 星期一。星期词汇:lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado, domingo。记法:Tuesday“martes”如 Mars(火星日),Wednesday“miércoles”如 Mercury,Thursday“jueves”如 Jupiter,Friday“viernes”如 Venus。

en punto – on the dot (o’clock). Tip: ‘punto’ = point.

en punto – 整点。记法:“punto”就是“point”(点)。

por la mañana / tarde / noche – in the morning / afternoon / evening / night. Tip: ‘mañana’ (morning) is famous; ‘tarde’ also means late, and by evening it’s late.

por la mañana / tarde / noche – 在早上 / 下午 / 晚上。记法:“mañana”很常用;“tarde”也指迟到,下午晚了就会迟到。


7. Adjectives & Feelings | 形容词与感受

contento/a – happy. Tip: ‘content’ in English means satisfied – similar.

contento/a – 高兴的。记法:英语“content”表示满意——意思相近。

cansado/a – tired. Tip: ‘cansado’ sounds like ‘can sad’ – when you’re too tired, even a can makes you sad.

cansado/a – 累的。记法:“cansado”音似“can sad”——累到连罐头都让你难过。

enfermo/a – ill. Tip: ‘enfermo’ like ‘infirm’ – someone infirm is ill.

enfermo/a – 生病的。记法:“enfermo”像“infirm”(体弱的)——体弱多病。

triste – sad. Tip: ‘triste’ is like ‘tristesse’ in French – sorrow.

triste – 悲伤的。记法:“triste”像法语词汇“tristesse”——悲伤。

divertido/a – fun, amusing. Tip: ‘divertido’ sounds like ‘divert’ – to amuse.

divertido/a – 有趣的。记法:“divertido”近似“divert”(娱乐)——使人愉快。


8. Weather & Environment | 天气与环境

hace buen tiempo – it’s good weather. Literally ‘it makes good time’. Tip: remember ‘hacer’ + weather.

hace buen tiempo – 天气好。字面意思是“制造好时间”。记法:记住天气用“hacer”。

hace sol / calor / frío / viento – sunny / hot / cold / windy. Tip: ‘sol’ = sun, ‘calor’ = heat, ‘frío’ = cold, ‘viento’ = wind.

hace sol / calor / frío / viento – 晴天 / 热 / 冷 / 有风。记法:“sol”=太阳,“calor”=热,“frío”=冷,“viento”=风。

el jardín – garden. Tip: ‘jardín’ like ‘garden’ – similar sound.

el jardín – 花园。记法:“jardín”发音类似“garden”。

limpio/a – clean. sucio/a – dirty. Tip: ‘limpio’ like ‘limpid’ (clear). ‘sucio’ like ‘soot’ – y, dirty.

limpio/a – 干净的。sucio/a – 脏的。记法:“limpio”像“limpid”(清澈的)。“sucio”像“soot”(烟灰)——脏。


9. Question Words & Linkers | 疑问词与连接词

¿Qué? – What? Tip: ‘qué’ is like ‘Kay’ – ask Kay what?

¿Qué? – 什么?记法:“qué”发音像“Kay”——问 Kay 什么?

¿Dónde? – Where? Tip: ‘dónde’ sounds like ‘don day’ – where is Don today?

¿Dónde? – 哪里?记法:“dónde”音似“don day”——Don 今天在哪?

porque – because. Tip: ‘por’ + ‘que’ – for that reason. Do not confuse with ¿por qué? – why?

porque – 因为。记法:“por”+“que”=为了那个。不要与¿por qué?(为什么)混淆。

también – also. tampoco – neither. Tip: ‘también’ like ‘tambien’ – tan bien = so well (also). ‘tampoco’ like ‘tan poco’ – so little (neither).

también – 也。tampoco – 也不。记法:“también”拆成“tan bien”(那么好)——也。“tampoco”拆成“tan poco”(那么少)——也不。


10. Time-saving Memory Techniques | 高效记忆法

1. Chunking – Group 5–7 related words into a story. E.g., ‘el perro, el gato, el pez, el conejo, el pájaro’ could be ‘My pet dog chased the cat, the cat jumped at the fish, the fish startled the rabbit, and the rabbit scared the bird.’

1. 组块法 – 将 5 到 7 个相关词语编成一个故事。例如,“el perro, el gato, el pez, el conejo, el pájaro”可编成“我的狗追猫,猫扑鱼,鱼吓兔子,兔子惊了鸟”。

2. Colour coding – Use green for masculine nouns, pink for feminine, and yellow for verbs. The visual cue reinforces gender.

2. 颜色编码 – 用绿色标记阳性名词,粉红标注阴性,黄色标动词。视觉线索有助巩固词性。

3. False friend flash cards – Make a separate deck for often confused pairs like ‘asistir’ (to attend, not assist), ’embarazada’ (pregnant, not embarrassed).

3. 假朋友闪卡 – 为常混淆的伪同源词单独制作卡片,如“asistir”(参加,而非协助)、“embarazada”(怀孕的,而非尴尬)。

4. Song and rhythm – Put irregular verb endings (tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen) to a simple tune. Singing lights up long-term memory.

4. 歌曲节奏 – 将不规则动词变位(tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen)套入简单曲调。歌唱能激活长期记忆。


Published by TutorHao | Spanish Revision Series | aleveler.com

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