IGCSE WJEC Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorization Guide | IGCSE WJEC 西班牙语：词汇术语速记指南

📚 IGCSE WJEC Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorization Guide | IGCSE WJEC 西班牙语：词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to your fast-track companion for mastering Spanish vocabulary in the IGCSE WJEC exam. This guide fuses proven memory techniques with syllabus-focused word lists, covering cognates, false friends, thematic clusters, verbs, useful phrases, and exam rubric terminology. Work through each section actively, and you will build a robust mental lexicon that stays with you well beyond the test.

欢迎使用这本快速掌握 IGCSE WJEC 西班牙语词汇的指南。它融合了经过验证的记忆技巧和紧扣考纲的词表，涵盖同源词、假朋友、主题词汇群、动词、实用短语以及考试评分术语。请主动学习每个部分，你将建立起牢固的心理词汇库，不仅在考试中受益，更延伸到未来。

1. Cognates: Instant Vocabulary Boosters | 同源词：快速扩充词汇

Cognates are words that share a common Latin root with English, making them nearly identical in spelling and meaning. Spotting these patterns can instantly add hundreds of words to your active vocabulary without hard memorisation. You often only need to adjust the ending or stress pattern.

同源词是与英语有共同拉丁词根、拼写和意义几乎相同的单词。识别这些模式能立即为你的主动词汇增加数百个单词，无需死记硬背。通常你只需调整词尾或重音即可。

Pay special attention to the -tion to -ción conversion: ‘información’, ‘celebración’, ‘educación’. Similarly, words ending in -ty often become -dad in Spanish, such as ‘ciudad’ (city), ‘universidad’ (university), and ‘actividad’ (activity).

请特别留意 -tion 变成 -ción 的转换：’información’、’celebración’、’educación’。同样，以 -ty 结尾的词常变为西班牙语的 -dad，如 ‘ciudad’（城市）、’universidad’（大学）和 ‘actividad’（活动）。

English	Español	Cognate Pattern
family	familia	-ia common
telephone	teléfono	identical stem
information	información	-tion → -ción
dictionary	diccionario	-ary → -ario
possible	posible	-ble stays

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2. False Friends: Dodging Common Traps | 假朋友：避开常见陷阱

False friends are words that look like cognates but carry a completely different meaning. The exam often tests your ability to avoid these tricky pairs. For instance, ’embarazada’ does not mean embarrassed — it means pregnant. ‘Sensible’ means sensitive, not sensible (which is ‘sensato’).

假朋友是看起来像同源词但含义迥异的单词。考试经常考查你是否能避开这些陷阱。例如，’embarazada’ 不是尴尬，而是怀孕的意思；’sensible’ 指敏感的，而非明智的（明智的是 ‘sensato’）。

Another frequent error is translating ‘actual’ as actual. In Spanish, ‘actual’ means current or present-day. If you want to say actual, use ‘real’ or ‘verdadero’. Similarly, ‘exito’ means success, not exit; ‘asistir’ means to attend, not to assist.

另一个常见错误是把 ‘actual’ 翻译成实际的。在西班牙语中，’actual’ 表示当前的、现代的。如果要表达实际的，请用 ‘real’ 或 ‘verdadero’。同样，’éxito’ 意思是成功，不是出口；’asistir’ 表示出席，而不是帮助。

Spanish Word	False Friend (English looks like)	True Meaning
embarazada	embarrassed	pregnant
sensible	sensible	sensitive
actual	actual	current
éxito	exit	success
asistir	assist	to attend

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3. Thematic Clusters: Linking Words by Topic | 主题词汇群：按话题归类

The WJEC syllabus is built around core themes: Identity and Culture, Local and Global Areas of Interest, and Current and Future Study and Employment. Grouping vocabulary under these themes creates mental pegs that make recall faster during speaking and writing tasks.

WJEC 考纲围绕核心主题构建：身份与文化、地方及全球兴趣领域、当前与未来的学习与就业。将词汇按这些主题归类能形成心理挂钩，在口语和写作任务中加速回忆。

Below is a sample cluster for the topic ‘Family and Friends’. Learn the words in context, not as isolated items. Create short sentences like ‘Mi hermano es generoso y simpático’ to anchor them.

以下是“家庭与朋友”主题的示例词汇群。请将单词放在语境中学习，不要孤立记忆。造一些短句，如“Mi hermano es generoso y simpático”，以便将这些词汇扎根脑海。

Sub-topic	Spanish Vocabulary	English Meaning
Family members	madre, padre, hermano/a, abuelo/a, tío/a, primo/a	mother, father, brother/sister, grandparent, uncle/aunt, cousin
Personality adjectives	generoso/a, tímido/a, simpático/a, gracioso/a, trabajador/a	generous, shy, nice, funny, hard-working
Activities together	compartir, celebrar, charlar, pasear, discutir	share, celebrate, chat, go for a walk, argue

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4. Verb Conjugation Mnemonics | 动词变位记忆法

Regular verbs form the backbone of Spanish. Memorising the endings for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs can be turned into a rhythm or chant. For present tense -ar verbs (e.g., hablar): ‘hablo, hablas, habla, hablamos, habláis, hablan’. Say them aloud like a song.

规则动词是西班牙语的支柱。记诵 -ar、-er 和 -ir 动词的词尾可以变成韵律或口诀。对于现在时 -ar 动词（例如 hablar）：’hablo, hablas, habla, hablamos, habláis, hablan’。像唱歌一样大声说出来。

Irregular verbs often follow patterns too. The ‘yo-go’ verbs such as ‘tener → tengo’, ‘venir → vengo’, ‘salir → salgo’ share the -go ending. Make a mnemonic: “I GO with ‘tengo vengo salgo’.” For stem-changers like ‘pensar (pienso)’ or ‘dormir (duermo)’, visualise the stem vowel breaking into two.

不规则动词也常有规律可循。’yo-go’ 动词如 ‘tener → tengo’、’venir → vengo’、’salir → salgo’ 共享 -go 结尾。编个助记句：“I GO with ‘tengo vengo salgo’”。对于词干元音变化的动词，如 ‘pensar (pienso)’ 或 ‘dormir (duermo)’，可以想象词干元音裂成两个。

Quick reference for the essential irregulars ‘ser’ and ‘estar’: soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son; and estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están. Link ‘estar’ to temporary states by remembering that stars (estrella) shine for a limited time.

基础不规则动词 ‘ser’ 和 ‘estar’ 的快速参考：soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son；以及 estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están。将 ‘estar’ 与临时状态联系起来，记住星星（estrella）只闪耀有限的时间。

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5. High-Frequency Connectives and Time Phrases | 高频连接词与时间短语

To impress examiners, link your ideas smoothly with connectives like ‘además’ (furthermore), ‘sin embargo’ (however), ‘por lo tanto’ (therefore). Time expressions such as ‘ayer’ (yesterday), ‘la semana pasada’ (last week), and ‘dentro de dos días’ (in two days) help you sequence events and show control over past and future tenses.

要想打动考官，请用“además”（此外）、“sin embargo”（然而）、“por lo tanto”（因此）等连接词流畅地串联观点。像“ayer”（昨天）、“la semana pasada”（上周）和“dentro de dos días”（两天后）这样的时间表达能帮助你排序事件，展现对过去和将来时态的掌控。

Function	Spanish	English
Adding	además, también	furthermore, also
Contrasting	sin embargo, no obstante	however, nevertheless
Sequencing	primero, luego, después, finalmente	first, then, afterwards, finally
Past time markers	ayer, anoche, el año pasado	yesterday, last night, last year
Future time markers	mañana, la próxima semana, dentro de unos días	tomorrow, next week, in a few days

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6. Useful Phrases for Speaking and Writing | 口语与写作实用短语

Having a bank of ready-made phrases saves you time and reduces errors. For expressing opinions, memorise ‘en mi opinión’, ‘creo que’, ‘pienso que’, and ‘me parece que’. To justify, use ‘porque’, ‘dado que’, or ‘ya que’. For giving examples, ‘por ejemplo’ is essential.

储备一批现成短语能节省时间并减少错误。表达观点时，请记熟 ‘en mi opinión’（在我看来）、’creo que’（我认为）、’pienso que’（我觉得）和 ‘me parece que’（我认为）。要说明理由，可使用 ‘porque’（因为）、’dado que’（鉴于）或 ‘ya que’（由于）。举例时，’por ejemplo’（例如）必不可少。

In the speaking exam, fillers like ‘pues’, ‘bueno’, and ‘a ver’ give you thinking time. In writing, formulaic phrases such as ‘lo bueno es que…’ (the good thing is…), ‘lo malo es que…’ (the bad thing is…) help you structure paragraphs logically.

在口语考试中，’pues’（嗯）、’bueno’（好的）、’a ver’（让我们看看）等填充词能为你争取思考时间。在写作中，’lo bueno es que…’（好处是）、’lo malo es que…’（坏处是）等套句式短语有助于逻辑清晰地组织段落。

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7. Adjective Agreement Made Simple | 形容词性数配合简单化

Adjectives must match the gender and number of the noun they describe. Masculine endings are typically -o (singular) and -os (plural), while feminine endings use -a and -as. Words like ‘inteligente’ and ‘interesante’ end in -e and are invariable in gender, only adding -s for the plural.

形容词必须与所修饰名词的性和数保持一致。阳性词尾通常为 -o（单数）和 -os（复数），阴性用 -a 和 -as。像 ‘inteligente’ 和 ‘interesante’ 这样以 -e 结尾的形容词性数不变，复数只加 -s。

Watch out for nationality adjectives: ‘ingles → ingleses’, ‘francés → francesa’. A handy trick is to always repeat the noun’s gender in your mind: ‘chico alto, chica alta’. For possession, ‘mi, tu, su’ agree with the noun owned, not the owner. So ‘mi libro’ (my book) and ‘mis libros’ (my books).

Published by TutorHao | IGCSE 西班牙语 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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