📚 Mnemonic Mastery: Year 13 Edexcel Psychology Vocabulary Fast-Track Guide | Edexcel 心理学 A2 词汇术语速记指南
Mastering technical vocabulary is the gateway to high marks in Year 13 Edexcel Psychology. This guide transforms over 40 must-know terms into vivid mental hooks, organising them by topic so you can recall definitions, functions, and applications under exam pressure. Each term comes with a ready-made mnemonic or image, paired in English and Chinese to strengthen both your subject knowledge and bilingual precision.
掌握专业术语是 Year 13 Edexcel 心理学拿高分的门户。本指南将 40 多个必知词汇转化为生动的记忆挂钩，按主题编排，让你在考场压力下也能快速提取定义、功能和应用。每个术语都配有现成的助记术或画面，中英双语对照，同时夯实你的学科知识与双语准确度。
1. Biological Psychology: Neurotransmitters and Brain Regions | 生物心理学：神经递质与脑区
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Think of SIR-otonin: a calm ‘sir’ feels serene, exactly how serotonin makes you feel – stable and content.
血清素 (5-羟色胺) 是调节情绪、食欲与睡眠的神经递质。记忆术：想象一位平和的“先生”（sir），他的从容就像血清素给人带来的稳定与满足。
Dopamine is linked to reward, pleasure, and motivation. The ‘DO’ in dopamine can remind you of getting things DOne – it kicks in when you achieve a goal.
多巴胺 与奖赏、快感和动机相关。想象“多”巴胺：你完“成”任务时它就会释放，推动你继续行动。
Amygdala is an almond-shaped brain structure that processes fear and emotional memories. Picture an ‘angry-dala’ – a furious dal (lentil) firing up a stress response.
杏仁核 是负责处理恐惧和情绪记忆的杏仁状脑区。记成“愤怒的杏仁”——一颗怒气冲冲的杏仁激活了应激反应。
Localisation of function means specific brain areas perform specific tasks. Think of a office where each desk (region) handles a unique job.
机能定位 指特定脑区执行特定功能。想象一个办公室，每个工位（脑区）只负责一类工作。
Synaptic pruning is the elimination of unused synapses to boost neural efficiency. Remember it as ‘pruning a bush’ – cutting weak branches so the strong ones flourish.
突触修剪 是清除未使用的突触以提高神经效率的过程。记忆案：像修剪灌木，剪掉弱枝，让健壮枝条更好生长。
2. Cognitive Psychology: Memory Models and Everyday Recall | 认知心理学：记忆模型与日常提取
Multi-store model (Atkinson & Shiffrin) describes sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory. Visualise three connected boxes: one fades quickly (sensory), one holds 7±2 items (STM), one is a huge library (LTM).
多储存库模型 (Atkinson 和 Shiffrin) 描述了感觉登记、短时记忆和长时记忆。想象三个相连的盒子：一个快速消失（感觉），一个能装 7±2 个项目（短时），一个巨大的图书馆（长时）。
Working memory model (Baddeley & Hitch) includes the central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer. Create a mini theatre: the director (central executive) directs a sound recorder (phonological loop) and a screen (visuospatial sketchpad), integrating them in a stage (episodic buffer).
工作记忆模型 (Baddeley 和 Hitch) 包含中央执行器、语音回路、视觉空间画板和情节缓冲器。构建一个小剧场：导演（中央执行器）指挥录音师（语音回路）和屏幕（视觉空间画板），并在舞台（情节缓冲器）上整合信息。
Schema is a mental framework that helps organise and interpret information. Think of a filing cabinet folder – you file new experiences into existing ‘schemas’.
图式 是一种心理框架，帮助组织和解释信息。把它看作文件柜的文件夹，新经验不断被放进已有的“图式”中。
Cognitive interview uses techniques like context reinstatement and report everything. Mnemonic: ‘CRIME’ – Context, Report everything, In-depth order, Mental imagery, and Evidence retrieval (slightly stretched).
认知访谈 运用情境复现和报告一切等技术。助记密码：‘CRIME’ – Context (情境), Report everything (报告一切), In-depth order (换序回忆), Mental imagery (心理图像), Evidence retrieval (证据提取)。
3. Social Psychology: Conformity, Obedience and Group Influence | 社会心理学：从众、服从与群体影响
Conformity (Compliance, Identification, Internalisation) – remember the three levels as ‘Copy, Connect, Convert’: compliance is superficial copying, identification is connecting with a role, internalisation is converting beliefs permanently.
从众 (顺从、认同、内化) – 记成“拷贝、连接、转变”：顺从是表面拷贝，认同是扮演角色建立连接，内化是彻底转变私人信念。
Agentic state is when a person sees themselves as an agent for another’s authority. Picture a robot saying ‘I’m just the machine carrying out the order’ – this is the agentic shift.
代理人状态 指个体把自己看作他人权威的执行工具。想象一个机器人说“我只是执行命令的机器”——这就是代理人转移。
Authoritarian personality involves rigid thinking, submission to authority, and hostility towards inferiors. Think of an ‘author-led’ person who always follows the book rigidly.
权威主义人格 表现为刻板思维、对权威的绝对服从和对下级的敌意。记成“著者主导型人格”——永远照着书本规矩办事的人。
Locus of control (internal/external): internal sees actions as controllable; external sees life as luck-driven. Think of a steering wheel (internal locus) vs a lottery ticket (external locus).
控制点 (内控/外控)：内控者认为自身行为决定结果；外控者认为运气决定一切。记忆图像：方向盘（内控）对彩票（外控）。
4. Learning Theories: Conditioning, Reinforcement and Phobia Treatment | 学习理论：条件作用、强化与恐惧症治疗
Classical conditioning (Pavlov): unconditioned stimulus (food) triggers unconditioned response (salivation); neutral stimulus (bell) becomes conditioned stimulus after pairing. Remember ‘U’ for unlearned (unconditioned) and ‘C’ for learned (conditioned).
经典条件作用 (巴甫洛夫)：非条件刺激 (食物) 引发非条件反应 (分泌唾液)；中性刺激 (铃声) 配对后变成条件刺激。记‘非U’为天生的，’条件C’为学来的。
Operant conditioning (Skinner): positive reinforcement (add good), negative reinforcement (remove bad) both increase behaviour; punishment decreases behaviour. Say: ‘PMR’ – Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Punishment – adding good or removing bad to shape actions.
操作性条件作用 (斯金纳)：正强化 (加好物)、负强化 (去坏物) 都增加行为；惩罚减少行为。口诀：‘正加负减增行为，惩罚打压降频率’。
Systematic desensitisation treats phobias by pairing relaxation with gradual exposure to an anxiety hierarchy. Visualise ladder of fear rungs, each step you breathe and relax – the anxiety fades.
系统脱敏 通过放松训练与逐步接触恐惧等级配对来治疗恐惧症。想象一级级恐惧台阶，每阶都配合深呼吸、放松，焦虑就会消退。
Token economy uses secondary reinforcers (tokens) exchanged for primary reinforcers. Think of arcade tokens: you earn them for desired behaviour and cash them in for prizes.
代币经济 用次级强化物 (代币) 兑换初级强化物。就像游戏厅的币：你凭好行为挣代币，再兑换成奖品。
5. Clinical Psychology: Diagnosis, Disorders and Therapeutic Approaches | 临床心理学：诊断、障碍与治疗方法
DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) is the American system; ICD-11 is the international system. Link ‘S’ in DSM to ‘States’, ‘D’ in ICD to ‘Disease’ worldwide.
DSM-5（精神障碍诊断与统计手册）是美国系统；ICD-11（国际疾病分类）是全球系统。联系 DSM 的苏打水（S）代表美国州，ICD 的“I”代表国际。
Schizophrenia involves positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions) and negative symptoms (avolition, speech poverty). Remember positive as ‘added on’ – like an uninvited voice; negative as ‘taken away’ – like motivation vanishing.
精神分裂症 包括阳性症状 (幻觉、妄想) 和阴性症状 (意志减退、言语贫乏)。阳性是“多出来的”，像不请自来的声音；阴性是“被夺走的”，像动力消失。
Beck’s cognitive triad explains depression through negative views of self, world, and future. Visualise three dark clouds labelled ‘Me’, ‘World’, ‘Tomorrow’.
贝克的认知三角 用对自我、世界和未来的消极看法解释抑郁症。想象三朵乌云分别写着“我”“世界”“明天”。
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) restructures irrational thoughts into rational ones. Mnemonic: ‘Change Bad Thoughts’ – CBT targets faulty cognitions and behavioural activation.
认知行为疗法 (CBT) 将非理性思维重构为理性思维。助记：’改变坏想法’ (Change Bad Thoughts) —— CBT 瞄准错误认知与行为激活。
6. Criminal Psychology: Offender Profiling, Custody and Rehabilitation | 犯罪心理学：犯罪侧写、监禁与改造
Top-down profiling (FBI) uses typologies (organised/disorganised) to fit a crime scene into a pre-existing template. Think of a ‘descending eagle’ looking down and pigeonholing the offender.
自上而下的侧写 (FBI) 使用类型学 (有组织/无组织) 将犯罪现场套入现成模板。想象一只俯冲的鹰，从高空俯瞰并分类罪犯。
Bottom-up profiling (Canter’s investigative psychology) builds up a picture from data and geographical patterns. Picture climbing up a mountain, gathering clues as you go.
自下而上的侧写 (Canter 的侦查心理学) 从数据和地理模式逐步构建罪犯画像。想象从山脚向上攀登，一路收集线索。
Recidivism is the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend. The ‘re-’ prefix signals ‘again’ – think of a revolving door in prison.
再犯率 (屡犯) 指已定罪罪犯再次犯罪的倾向。前缀“re-”表示“再次”，就像监狱里的旋转门。
Anger management uses cognitive, behavioural, and relaxation techniques to reduce hostile responses. Acronym: ‘CALM’ – Cognitive prepare, Acquire skills, Learn relaxation, Maintain in practice.
愤怒管理 结合认知、行为与放松技术以减少敌意反应。首字母缩略：“CALM” – Cognitive 认知准备，Acquire 获取技能，Learn 学习放松，Maintain 持续练习。
7. Research Methods: Variables, Controls and Design | 研究方法：变量、控制与设计
Independent variable (IV) is what the researcher manipulates; Dependent variable (DV) is what is measured. Picture a light switch (IV) and a bulb’s brightness (DV).
自变量 (IV) 是研究者操纵的条件；因变量 (DV) 是测量的结果。想象一个电灯开关 (IV) 和灯泡亮度 (DV)。
Operationalisation means turning abstract concepts into measurable variables. Think of ‘operation’ – making a concept functional and testable.
操作定义 是将抽象概念转化为可测量变量的过程。关键词“操作”——让概念可操作、可检验。
Internal validity asks if the IV truly caused the DV change; External validity asks if findings generalise. Remember ‘IN-out’ rule: INside the study (control) vs OUTside world.
内部效度 问的是 IV 是否真的引起了 DV 变化；外部效度 问的是结果能否推广。记忆窍门：IN-内部看控制，OUT-外部看普遍。
Counterbalancing is used in repeated measures designs to control order effects. Think of balancing a seesaw – half do A then B, half do B then A.
平衡抵消 用于重复测量设计中控制顺序效应。想象跷跷板平衡：一半先 A 后 B，一半先 B 后 A。
8. Issues and Debates: Nature-Nurture, Reductionism and Ethics | 议题与争议：天性教养、还原论与伦理
Nature vs nurture: ‘Nature’ is biological inheritance, ‘nurture’ is environmental influence. Play on words: ‘nature’ gives seeds, ‘nurture’ waters them.
天性 vs 教养：“天性”是生物遗传，“教养”是环境影响。文字游戏：天性提供种子，教养浇水灌溉。
Reductionism breaks behaviour into simplest components; Holism views the whole system. Link ‘reductionism’ to reducing a dish to individual ingredients; ‘holism’ to tasting the whole soup.
还原论 把行为拆解为最简单的成分；整体论 关注整个系统。还原论好比把一道菜还原成原料清单；整体论是品尝整碗汤。
Determinism proposes behaviour is governed by internal or external forces. Think of a clockwork toy determined by its gears – no free will.
决定论 认为行为由内部或外部力量控制。想象一个弹簧玩具，完全由齿轮决定——没有自由意志。
Ethical implications concern how psychological research affects individuals and society. Keep ‘ETHICS’ in mind: Ensure Transparency, Harm minimisation, Informed consent, Confidentiality, Social responsibility.
伦理影响 关注心理学研究对个人与社会的影响。记“ETHICS”：Ensure 确保透明，Harm 伤害最小化，Informed 知情同意，Confidentiality 保密，Social 社会责任。
9. Statistical Learning: Data Types, Central Tendency and Errors | 统计学习：数据类型、集中趋势与错误
Nominal data are categories (e.g., eye colour); Ordinal data are ranked (e.g., happiness scale); Interval/ratio data are measurements with equal gaps. Chant: ‘Category, Rank, Measure’ – CRM.
称名数据 是分类 (如眼睛颜色)；顺序数据 是排序 (如幸福感等级)；等距/等比数据 是等距测量。口诀：‘分类、排序、测量’。
Mean is the average; Median is the midpoint; Mode is the most frequent. Mnemonic: ‘Mean’ is mean because it uses all numbers; ‘Median’ touches the middle; ‘Mode’ is the most popular.
均值 是平均数；中位数 是中间值；众数 是出现最多的。记法：均值“均”用每个数，中位在正中间，众数最“多”人爱。
Standard deviation tells how spread out scores are. Higher SD = greater variation. Picture a bell curve: a narrow bell (small SD), a wide bell (large SD).
标准差 反映分数的离散程度。标准差愈大，变异愈大。想象钟形曲线：窄钟 (标准差小)，宽钟 (标准差大)。
Type I error is a false positive (rejecting a true null hypothesis); Type II error is a false negative (accepting a false null). Remember ‘One’ = optimistic wrong alarm, ‘Two’ = too late to detect a real effect.
第一类错误 (假阳性) 是拒真——拒绝了真实的零假设；第二类错误 (假阴性) 是取伪——接受了错误的零假设。助记：一类像“虚惊一场”，二类像“错过真凶”。
10. Final Memory Hacks and Exam-Ready Checklist | 终极记忆窍门与备考清单
To lock terminology into long-term memory, use dual coding: draw simple icons next to each term. Create a ‘term of the day’ flip card, and teach the concept aloud to a friend or even your pet.
要锁定术语到长时记忆，使用双重编码：在每个术语旁画简易图标。制作“每日术语”翻页卡，并大声把概念教给朋友甚至宠物。
Build acronyms for multi-component models: for the working memory model, rehearse ‘CEPS’ – Central executive, Episodic buffer, Phonological loop, Visuospatial sketchpad. The sillier the image, the stronger the recall.
为多成分模型构建首字母缩略词：工作记忆模型练习“CEPS”——中央执行器 (Central executive)、情节缓冲器 (Episodic buffer)、语音回路 (Phonological loop)、视觉空间画板 (Visuospatial sketchpad)。画面越怪异，提取越牢固。
Before the exam, do a ‘brain dump’ sheet: write all key terms and definitions from memory, then check against this guide. The act of retrieval strengthens synaptic connections – exactly what Year 13 Edexcel Psychology expects you to understand.
考前做一张“大脑倾泻页”：凭记忆写下所有关键术语及其定义，再对照本指南核查。提取行为会强化突触连接——这正是 Year 13 Edexcel 心理学要求你理解的原理。
Published by TutorHao | Psychology Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导