Year 13 CIE Business: Key Term Quick Memorisation Guide | A Level商务核心术语速记指南

📚 Year 13 CIE Business: Key Term Quick Memorisation Guide | A Level商务核心术语速记指南

Mastering the key terminology in Year 13 CIE Business goes beyond simple memorisation — it is the gateway to applying concepts confidently in essays, data response questions and case studies. This guide equips you with mnemonic devices, pattern-based recall and visual hooks designed specifically for the CIE A Level syllabus, helping you retain critical terms, frameworks and formulas under exam pressure.

掌握A Level商务核心术语不仅仅是记住定义——它是在论文、数据分析题和案例分析中灵活运用概念的钥匙。本指南为你提供专为CIE A Level大纲设计的助记方法、模式化回忆与视觉挂钩，帮助你在考试压力下牢牢记住关键术语、框架和公式。

1. Quick Mnemonic Techniques for Business Vocabulary | 商务词汇快速记忆法

Acronyms and acrostics – Convert the first letters of a list into a memorable phrase. For example, to recall the five forces in Porter’s model, create an acronym like “BRENS” (Bargaining power of Buyers, Rivalry, threat of new Entrants, bargaining power of Suppliers, threat of Substitutes). Crafting a silly sentence strengthens retention.

首字母缩略与藏头诗——将一串术语的首字母变成一个易记的短语。例如，为了记住波特五力，可以创造缩略词”BRENS”（买方议价力、竞争程度、新进入者威胁、供应商议价力、替代品威胁）。编一句滑稽的句子能加强记忆。

Chunking and categorisation – Group related terms under broad themes such as ‘finance ratios’, ‘strategic models’ or ‘motivation theories’. Your brain recalls clusters more efficiently than isolated facts. Associate, for instance, all liquidity ratios with a ‘health check’ image.

组块与分类——将相关术语归入大类，如”财务比率”、”战略模型”或”激励理论”。大脑对信息块的提取效率远高于零散记忆。例如，将所有流动性比率与”体检”图像联系起来。

Visual mapping and story method – Draw a quick mind map linking Ansoff’s Matrix to a story: a farmer selling apples in his village (market penetration), then making apple juice for the village (product development), then selling apples in a neighbouring town (market development), and finally launching a tech app (diversification). The narrative locks concepts in place.

可视化图谱与故事法——快速画出思维导图，将安索夫矩阵编成故事：农人在本村卖苹果（市场渗透），给本村做苹果汁（产品开发），去邻镇卖苹果（市场开发），最后推出科技App（多元化）。叙事能将概念牢牢固定。

---

2. Strategic Analysis Essentials | 战略分析核心术语

SWOT analysis – Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats. No complex mnemonic needed, but remember that Strengths and Weaknesses are internal, while Opportunities and Threats are external. Visualise a shield with ‘SW’ inside and ‘OT’ outside.

SWOT分析——优势、劣势、机会、威胁。无需复杂口诀，但要记住优势与劣势是内部的，机会与威胁是外部的。想象一面盾牌，内写”SW”，外写”OT”。

PESTLE – Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental. Use the memorable sentence “Please Examine Some Tea Leaves Everyday” to lock the sequence.

PESTLE分析——政治、经济、社会、技术、法律、环境。用这个好记的句子：”请每天检查茶叶（Please Examine Some Tea Leaves Everyday）”来锁定顺序。

Porter’s Five Forces – Rivalry among existing competitors; threat of new entrants; bargaining power of suppliers; bargaining power of buyers; threat of substitute products. The phrase “Boring Business Stuff Never Rests” can cue Buyers, Business (rivalry), Suppliers, New entrants, Substitutes — adapt as you like.

波特五力模型——现有企业间的竞争程度；新进入者的威胁；供应商的议价能力；买方的议价能力；替代品的威胁。可用”Boring Business Stuff Never Rests”来提示各要素。

---

3. Strategic Choice: Ansoff and Porter | 战略选择：安索夫与波特

Ansoff’s Matrix – Four growth strategies: Market Penetration, Product Development, Market Development, Diversification. Remember the initials “MPMD” by thinking “My Profits Must Double”. Link each cell to a clear scenario: existing product in existing market = penetration.

安索夫矩阵——四种增长战略：市场渗透、产品开发、市场开发、多元化。用”MPMD”首字母联想”My Profits Must Double”。为每个格子匹配清晰情景：现有产品在现有市场即渗透。

Porter’s Generic Strategies – Cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus, differentiation focus. Think “Cool Dogs Find Delicious Food” (Cost leadership, Differentiation, (cost) Focus, (differentiation) Focus). The broad vs narrow scope helps separate the four.

波特通用战略——成本领先、差异化、成本聚焦、差异化聚焦。用”Cool Dogs Find Delicious Food”帮助回忆。通过宽泛与狭窄的范围来区分四种战略。

Bowman’s Strategy Clock – Extends Porter. Positions like ‘low price/low value’, ‘focused differentiation’ and ‘hybrid’. Envision a clock face; ’12 o’clock’ is high differentiation, ‘6 o’clock’ is low price/low value. Practise sketching the clock.

鲍曼战略钟——延伸波特理论。如”低价格/低价值”、”聚焦差异化”和”混合型”。想象一个钟面，”12点”为高差异化，”6点”为低价格/低价值。练习画出钟面。

---

4. Globalisation and International Strategy | 全球化与国际战略

Globalisation – The growing integration of the world’s economies. Think “the world gets smaller”. Contrast with Glocalisation: adapting global products to local tastes; imagine a burger chain selling rice burgers in Asia.

全球化（Globalisation）——世界经济日益一体化。想想”世界变小了”。与全球本土化（Glocalisation）对比：全球产品适应当地口味；想象一家汉堡连锁在亚洲卖米堡。

EPG Model – Ethnocentric, Polycentric, Geocentric approaches to international business. “Every Penguin Glides” or simply “E-P-G”: Ethnocentric treats home market as superior, Polycentric adapts to each country, Geocentric blends global and local.

EPG模型——民族中心、多中心、全球中心国际化经营方式。用”Every Penguin Glides”或”E-P-G”记忆：民族中心视母国为优，多中心适应各国，全球中心混合全球与地方。

Modes of entry – Exporting, licensing, franchising, joint ventures, wholly owned subsidiaries. Risk and control increase along the chain. Visualise a staircase: low risk-exporting, high control-subsidiary on the top step.

进入模式——出口、许可、特许经营、合资、全资子公司。风险与控制沿链上升。想象一道阶梯：低风险出口在底层，最高控制的全资子公司在顶层。

---

5. Investment Appraisal and Decision Trees | 投资评估与决策树

Payback period – Time needed to recover the initial investment. Mentally label it “the break-even time”. Formula: identify the year when cumulative cash flow turns positive.

投资回收期（Payback period）——收回初始投资所需时间。可标记为”收支平衡时间”。公式：找到累计现金流转为正值的那一年。

Average Rate of Return (ARR) – Measures annual profitability. Use the formula:

ARR (%) = (Average Annual Profit / Initial Investment) × 100

Memorise it as “average profit over what you put in, times 100”.

平均回报率（ARR）——衡量年度盈利水平。公式为：

ARR (%) = (平均年利润 / 初始投资) × 100

记住”平均利润除以投入，再乘以100″。

Net Present Value (NPV) – Sum of discounted future cash flows minus initial cost. The idea: a pound today is worth more than a pound tomorrow. Used for decisions when NPV is positive. To recall the discounting, think “divide by (1 + r)^n”.

净现值（NPV）——未来现金流折现之和减去初始成本。核心：今天的1英镑比明天的1英镑更值钱。当NPV为正时可投资。记忆折现，想着”除以(1 + r)的n次方”。

Decision trees – Expected value = Probability × Financial outcome. Square = decision, circle = chance. Sketch a small tree with branches labelled “success (0.6)” and “failure (0.4)” and multiply.

决策树——期望值 = 概率 × 财务结果。方框代表决策，圆圈代表机会。画出一棵小树，分枝标注”成功(0.6)”和”失败(0.4)”，然后相乘。

---

6. Financial Ratio Analysis | 财务比率分析

Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) – Key profitability measure. Formula: (Operating Profit / Capital Employed) × 100. Say “rocky” to trigger ROCE, and simply remember “profit over total long-term capital”.

已动用资本回报率（ROCE）——关键盈利指标。公式：(营业利润 / 已动用资本) × 100。用”rocky”读音勾起ROCE，记住”利润除以长期资本总额”。

Gross profit margin = (Gross profit / Revenue) × 100. Hint: the word “gross” appears first, so use revenue (the top line). Net profit margin deducts all expenses.

毛利率 = (毛利 / 营业收入) × 100。提示：”毛利”对应收入（顶线）。净利率则扣除所有费用。

Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities. Aim for a ratio above 1.5. Visualise a safety cushion: your short-term assets should comfortably cover short-term debts.

流动比率 = 流动资产 / 流动负债。目标应高于1.5。想象一个安全垫：短期资产应能轻松覆盖短期债务。

Acid test ratio = (Current assets – Inventories) / Current liabilities. It strips out slow-moving inventories. Think of a ‘quick acid wash’ that leaves only the truly liquid assets.

速动比率 = (流动资产 – 存货) / 流动负债。剔除流动性较慢的存货。想象一次”快速酸洗”，只留下真正流动的资产。

Gearing ratio = (Long-term debt / Total capital employed) × 100. High gearing means more debt, higher risk. Link “gearing” to “gears” — too many gears (debt) can tear the engine.

杠杆比率（负债比率） = (长期债务 / 已动用资本总额) × 100。高杠杆意味着更多债务和更高风险。把”gearing”联想成”齿轮”——太多齿轮（债务）可能撕裂引擎。

Inventory turnover = Cost of sales / Average inventory. Higher turnover is generally better. Imagine shelves emptying quickly.

存货周转率 = 销售成本 / 平均存货。周转率越高通常越好。想象货架迅速清空。

---

7. Marketing in a Global Context | 全球背景下的市场营销

Marketing mix (7Ps) – Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, Physical evidence. The extended mix for services. “Please Price Products Properly And Proudly Provide Extra Polish” might work: Price, Product, Place, Promotion, (skip) — adapt your own sentence using the 7Ps in order: Product / Price / Place / Promotion / People / Process / Physical Evidence.

营销组合7Ps——产品、价格、渠道、促销、人员、过程、有形展示。服务领域延伸的组合。用自创句子按序记忆。

Global marketing strategy – Decisions between standardisation and adaptation. Remember the phrase “think global, act local” sums up the hybrid glocalised approach.

全球营销战略——标准化与适应化的决策。”着眼全球，立足本地”概括了混合型全球本土化方法。

Branding and USP – Unique Selling Point differentiates a product. Link USP to “you must be Special to stand out”. Emotional branding creates loyalty beyond rationality

Published by TutorHao | Year 13 商务 Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）