📚 Year 13 Edexcel German: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | Year 13 Edexcel 德语：暑期预习与衔接课程
Transitioning from Year 12 to Year 13 in Edexcel A-level German marks a significant step up in linguistic and analytical demand. The summer break offers a golden opportunity not only to consolidate the foundations built during the first year, but also to preview the more complex themes, sophisticated grammar and the Independent Research Project (IRP) that define the final stage of the course. This bridging guide is designed to help you build momentum, refine your skills and approach Year 13 with confidence.
从 Year 12 升入 Year 13 的 Edexcel A-level 德语课程，无论在语言运用还是分析能力方面都提出了更高要求。暑假不仅是巩固第一年所打基础的黄金时期，也是提前接触更复杂的主题、更精深的语法以及独立研究项目 (IRP) 的关键阶段。这份衔接指南将帮助你保持学习势头，打磨各项技能，自信地迎接 Year 13 的挑战。
1. The Step Up to Year 13: What to Expect | 进入 Year 13：预期与挑战
Year 13 of the Edexcel German A-level builds directly on the skills and knowledge acquired in Year 12, but the expectations are markedly higher. You will engage with two new overarching themes – ‘Multiculturalism in German-speaking society’ and ‘Aspects of political life in the German-speaking world’ – which demand a deeper cultural and critical understanding. The assessment components remain similar in format, but the texts, recordings and essay topics become longer and more conceptually challenging. Additionally, the speaking exam introduces the Independent Research Project, which accounts for a substantial portion of the oral mark and requires you to present and discuss an individually researched topic.
Edexcel 德语 A-level 的 Year 13 课程直接建立在 Year 12 所学技能与知识的基础之上，但对学生的期望明显更高。你将面对两个全新的核心主题——“德语社会中的多元文化”和“德语世界政治生活面面观”——这要求你具备更深层次的文化素养与批判性思维。考试形式虽然相似，但文本、听力材料以及作文话题都会更长、概念上更具挑战性。此外，口语考试中引入了独立研究项目 (IRP)，它在口试总分中占据很大比重，需要你展示并讨论一个自主研究的话题。
One of the biggest differences is the weight of Paper 2: Written response to works and translation. While in Year 12 you may have studied one film or literary text, Year 13 requires you to study a second work, and the exam will ask you to write comparative or single-text essays that demonstrate a mature analytical voice. Time management, advanced essay structure and critical evaluation of themes and characters become centre stage.
最大的不同之一在于试卷二“书面回应与翻译”的分量。Year 12 阶段你可能只学习了一部电影或文学作品，而 Year 13 则要求再学习第二部作品，考试中需要写出比较性或单篇文本的评析文章，展现出成熟的分析视角。时间管理、高阶文章结构以及对主题和人物的批判性评价，将成为备考的重点。
Finally, the translation tasks in Papers 1 and 2 now regularly feature advanced grammatical structures such as the subjunctive mood, passive voice, extended adjective endings and nuanced conjunctions. Your grammatical precision needs to be well-honed to handle these demands accurately and idiomatically.
最后，试卷一和试卷二中的翻译任务经常涉及高级语法结构，如虚拟式、被动语态、复杂形容词词尾以及细腻的连词。你的语法精确度需要高度打磨，才能准确、地道地应对这些要求。
2. Revisiting Year 12: Key Themes and Grammar | 重温 Year 12：核心主题与语法
Before diving into new material, a thorough review of the Year 12 content is essential. The two AS themes – ‘Gesellschaftliche Entwicklung in Deutschland’ (Social development in Germany) and ‘Politische und künstlerische Kultur im deutschen Sprachraum’ (Political and artistic culture in the German-speaking world) – are not only foundational for Year 13 topics, but can also appear in integrated skills tasks. Re-read your notes on the education system, the world of work, music, media and festivals. Pay attention to how these topics intersect with the new themes of multiculturalism and political life.
在进入新内容之前，全面复习 Year 12 的内容至关重要。两个 AS 主题——“德国的社会发展”和“德语地区的政治与艺术文化”——不仅是 Year 13 课题的基础，也可能出现在综合技能题目中。重新阅读有关教育体系、职场世界、音乐、媒体和节日的笔记，并留意这些话题如何与多元文化及政治生活的新主题产生交集。
From a grammatical standpoint, the summer is the ideal time to close gaps. Create a checklist of the major grammar points covered in Year 12: all tenses (including the perfect, imperfect, pluperfect and future perfect), adjective declensions in all cases, relative pronouns, subordinating conjunctions and the basics of the passive in the present and imperfect tenses. Use online drills, grammar workbooks or apps to diagnose weaknesses. Being absolutely comfortable with these structures means that in Year 13 you can focus on the advanced manipulations rather than on revision.
从语法角度看，暑假是查漏补缺的理想时机。制作一份 Year 12 主要语法点的清单：所有时态（包括完成时、过去时、过去完成时和第二将来时）、各格的形容词变格、关系代词、从属连词以及现在时和过去时被动语态的基础知识。利用在线练习、语法练习册或应用程序诊断自己的薄弱环节。完全熟练掌握这些结构，意味着在 Year 13 中你可以专注于高阶运用，而不是回头修补基础。
A useful exercise is to translate paragraphs from English into German covering Year 12 topics. This active recall solidifies vocabulary and forces you to apply grammatical rules in context. Keep a ‘mistake log’ to trace recurrent errors, whether they involve word order, case endings or false friends.
一个有用的练习是将涵盖 Year 12 主题的英语段落翻译成德语。这种主动回忆能巩固词汇，并迫使你在语境中运用语法规则。同时，坚持记录“错误日志”，追踪反复出现的问题，无论是语序、格位词尾还是容易混淆的词汇。
3. Bridging Topic: Multiculturalism in German-Speaking Society | 衔接主题：德语社会的多元文化
The first new theme for Year 13 examines the realities of a multicultural society in German-speaking countries. You will explore immigration patterns, integration policies, the experiences of minority groups and the ongoing debates about racism and identity. Start your summer bridging by reading authentic German news articles on current immigration debates. Websites like ‘Deutsche Welle’, ‘Zeit Online’ or ‘Der Spiegel’ offer accessible articles and often include vocabulary lists and comprehension tasks. Concentrate on gathering key terms such as ‘Einwanderung’ (immigration), ‘Integration’, ‘Asylbewerber’ (asylum seeker), ‘kulturelle Vielfalt’ (cultural diversity) and ‘Diskriminierung’ (discrimination).
Year 13 的第一个新主题探讨德语国家多元文化社会的现实状况。你将深入了解移民模式、融合政策、少数群体的经历以及关于种族主义与身份认同的持续争论。开始你的暑期衔接，可以阅读地道的德语时事文章，了解当前的移民辩论。像“德国之声”、《时代在线》或《明镜周刊》等网站提供通俗易懂的文章，并且常附有词汇表和理解练习。重点积累诸如“Einwanderung”（移民）、“Integration”（融合）、“Asylbewerber”（寻求庇护者）、“kulturelle Vielfalt”（文化多样性）和“Diskriminierung”（歧视）等关键术语。
To deepen your understanding, watch short documentaries or interviews on the topic. The ARD and ZDF media libraries provide rich resources. Even a 10-minute report can expose you to authentic accents, advanced idioms and cultural nuance. Summarise what you have watched in German, either in writing or aloud, to practise speaking and summarising skills. This also prepares you for the Paper 3 discussion, where spontaneous responses to issues are assessed.
为加深理解，可以观看相关的纪录短片或访谈。德国电视一台 (ARD) 和电视二台 (ZDF) 的媒体库资源丰富。即使是一段十分钟的报道，也能让你接触到真实的口音、高级短语和文化细节。用德语对观看内容进行总结，书面或口头形式皆可，以此锻炼口语和概括能力。这同时也在为试卷三的讨论环节做准备，该环节考查你对议题的即时反应能力。
Keep a digital or physical ‘thematic vocabulary book’, grouping newly learned words by sub-topic: reasons for migration, advantages of multiculturalism, challenges of integration, and personal stories. This thematic approach mirrors the organisation of your exam board’s specification and makes revision more systematic.
建立一本数字化或纸质版的“主题词汇本”，将新学词汇按照子话题分类：移民原因、多元文化的优势、融合的挑战以及个人故事。这种主题式整理与考纲的结构相呼应，能让复习更有系统性。
4. Bridging Topic: Aspects of Political Life | 衔接主题：政治生活面面观
This theme invites you to analyse political engagement, youth participation, the role of the EU and the significance of German reunification. For a summer bridging activity, begin by familiarising yourself with the German political system. A useful overview can be found on the ‘Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung’ website, which presents facts in clear, learner-friendly language. Learn the names of the main political parties (CDU, SPD, Grüne, FDP, AfD, Die Linke) and understand what they stand for.
这一主题要求你分析政治参与、青年参与、欧盟的作用以及德国统一的意义。作为暑期衔接活动，可先从了解德国政治体制入手。“联邦政治教育中心”的网站提供了清晰的综述，用语简单，适合学习者。记住主要政党的名称（基民盟、社民党、绿党、自民党、选择党、左翼党），并理解它们的政治主张。
Youth politics is a particularly lively area. Search for articles or video clips about ‘Fridays for Future’ in Germany or the role of ‘Jugendparlamente’ (youth parliaments). These real-life examples will come alive in your essays. Write a short opinion piece in German: ‘Sollte das Wahlalter auf 16 gesenkt werden?’ (Should the voting age be lowered to 16?). Trying to construct an argument with a clear structure – introduction, arguments for and against, and a justified conclusion – mirrors the essay skills required for Paper 2.
青年政治是一个特别活跃的领域。可以搜索关于德国“周五为未来”运动或“青年议会”作用的文章或视频片段。这些真实案例会让你的作文生动起来。试着用德语写一篇短评：“Sollte das Wahlalter auf 16 gesenkt werden?”（投票年龄应降至16岁吗？）。尝试以清晰的结构——引言、正反论点以及有理由的结论——来搭建论证，这正是试卷二所要求的写作技能。
Lastly, make a timeline of the key events of German reunification 1989-1990, noting the vocabulary of division and unity: ‘die Mauer’ (the Wall), ‘die Wiedervereinigung’ (reunification), ‘Ost- und Westdeutschland’, ‘die friedliche Revolution’. Being able to discuss the historical and social consequences of reunification confidently is a key objective of this theme.
最后，制作一份 1989-1990 年德国统一关键事件的时间线，记录描述分裂与统一的词汇：“die Mauer”（柏林墙）、“die Wiedervereinigung”（统一）、“Ost- und Westdeutschland”（东西德）、“die friedliche Revolution”（和平革命）。能够自信地讨论统一的历史与社会影响，是本主题的重要学习目标之一。
5. Bridging Topic: German Reunification and Its Social Impact | 衔接主题：德国统一及其社会影响
While part of the political life theme, reunification deserves closer attention because it often forms the backbone of Paper 2 essay questions. In Year 13 you will study a film or literary text, and many prescribed works deal directly with the division and reunification of Germany, such as ‘Das Leben der Anderen’ or ‘Der Vorleser’. A deep contextual understanding will strengthen your textual analysis exponentially.
虽然德国统一归属政治生活主题，但它值得特别关注，因为它常常构成试卷二作文题的背景。Year 13 你将学习一部电影或文学作品，许多指定篇目直接涉及德国的分裂与统一，例如《窃听风暴》或《朗读者》。扎实的背景理解将极大增强你的文本分析深度。
During the summer, watch excerpts or the entire film if you know which work you will be studying. Pay attention to the emotional and economic contrasts between East and West that persist even decades later. Research terms such as ‘Ostalgie’ (nostalgia for the East), ‘die Mauer im Kopf’ (the wall in the head) and ‘Abwanderung’ (migration from East to West). These concepts enrich your cultural lexicon and help you write essays that are both factually grounded and insightful.
暑假期间，如果已经知道将要学习哪部作品，可以观看影片片段或全片。留意东西部之间即使在数十年后仍然存在的情感和经济反差。研究诸如“Ostalgie”（对东德的怀旧）、“die Mauer im Kopf”（头脑中的墙）和“Abwanderung”（东向西的迁移）等概念。这些概念能丰富你的文化词库，助你写出既有事实依据又富有洞见的文章。
Create a table comparing the political, economic and social realities of East and West Germany before and after reunification. This will serve as an at-a-glance revision resource. A simple table layout could look like this:
制作一个表格，对比统一前后东西德在政治、经济及社会方面的现实状况。这将是一份一目了然的复习资料。一个简单的表格结构如下：
| Aspect | East Germany (before 1990) | After Reunification |
|---|---|---|
| Political system | Single-party socialist state | Democratic, federal system |
| Economy | State-planned, shortages | Market economy, high unemployment initially |
| Social freedom | Restricted travel, Stasi surveillance | Civil liberties, but some feel left behind |
6. The Independent Research Project (IRP) | 独立研究项目 (IRP)
The IRP is a cornerstone of the Year 13 speaking assessment and an opportunity for you to pursue a personal area of interest in depth. The summer is the best time to explore potential ideas. Your project must be based on a question or a hypothesis relating to the culture, society, history or literature of a German-speaking country. It needs to be sufficiently focused to allow detailed research, but broad enough to find ample sources.
IRP 是 Year 13 口语评估的核心，也是你深入探究个人兴趣领域的机会。暑假是探索潜在选题的最佳时机。你的项目必须基于一个与德语国家的文化、社会、历史或文学相关的问题或假设。选题需要足够集中，以便进行细致研究，但又要具备一定的广度，能够找到充足的素材来源。
Begin by brainstorming topics that genuinely fascinate you. Examples from past candidates include: ‘Inwiefern hat die Berliner Mauer die Identität der Berliner geprägt?’ (To what extent did the Berlin Wall shape Berliners’ identity?), ‘Wie unterscheidet sich das Recycling-System Deutschlands von dem Großbritanniens und warum?’ (How does Germany’s recycling system differ from that of the UK and why?), or ‘Welche Rolle spielen Märchen in der modernen deutschen Kultur?’ (What role do fairy tales play in modern German culture?). Read around your shortlisted ideas and note down initial sources, such as articles, interviews, statistics and visual material.
首先，头脑风暴一下你真正感兴趣的课题。往年考生的选题例子包括：“Inwiefern hat die Berliner Mauer die Identität der Berliner geprägt?”（柏林墙在多大程度上塑造了柏林人的身份认同？）、“Wie unterscheidet sich das Recycling-System Deutschlands von dem Großbritanniens und warum?”（德国的回收系统与英国有何不同，原因是什么？）或“Welche Rolle spielen Märchen in der modernen deutschen Kultur?”（童话在现代德国文化中扮演什么角色？）。广泛阅读入围选题的相关内容，记录初步来源，如文章、访谈、数据和影像材料。
It is also wise to practise the two-minute presentation format. Choose one tentative topic and prepare a succinct spoken summary. Record yourself on your phone, then listen critically: are you speaking fluently, with accurate pronunciation and a range of structures? This early experimentation removes the pressure when you formally begin the IRP in the autumn term.
同时，明智的做法是提前练习两分钟陈述的格式。挑选一个暂定题目，准备一段精炼的口头总结。用手机录音，然后批判性地回听：你的表达是否流利？发音是否准确？句式是否多样？这种提前试水能让你在秋季学期正式开始 IRP 时减轻压力。
7. Mastering Advanced Grammar for Year 13 | 掌握 Year 13 高级语法
Grammar in Year 13 moves from recognition to confident manipulation. The key areas to conquer are the subjunctive mood (Konjunktiv I and II), the passive voice in all tenses, extended adjectival phrases, the use of ‘lassen’ and complex infinitive constructions with ‘um … zu’, ‘ohne … zu’ and ‘statt … zu’. These structures are regularly targeted in translation tasks and are required to achieve a high mark for grammatical range in essays and the speaking exam.
Year 13 的语法要求从能识别提升到能自信运用。需要攻克的关键领域包括虚拟式 (Konjunktiv I 和 II)、所有时态中的被动语态、扩展定语结构、“lassen”的用法以及“um … zu”、“ohne … zu”和“statt … zu”等复杂不定式结构。这些结构经常出现在翻译任务中，并且是在写作和口语考试中获得高分所必备的语法广度。
Set yourself a weekly grammar routine. For example, in week one, focus on Konjunktiv II forms (würde + infinitive, and irregular forms like ‘wäre’, ‘hätte’, ‘käme’) and practise writing hypothetical scenarios related to your Year 12 or 13 topics. In week two, move to the passive, converting active sentences about political processes into passive, and translate newspaper-style headlines. Use colour-coding in your notes to highlight sentence structure changes.
为自己制定一个每周语法常规。例如，第一周聚焦 Konjunktiv II 形式（würde + 不定式，以及“wäre”、“hätte”、“käme”等不规则形式），并练习围绕 Year 12 或 Year 13 的话题撰写假设情景。第二周转到被动语态，将关于政治进程的主动句转为被动句，并翻译报刊风格的大标题。在笔记中使用不同颜色标记，以突出句子结构的变化。
A particularly valuable exercise is the ‘grammar gap-fill in context’. Take a paragraph from a news article and remove all the verb endings, articles or relative pronouns. After filling them in, compare with the original. This sharpens both grammatical accuracy and sensitivity to authentic German syntax.
一项特别有价值的练习是“语境中的语法填空”。从一篇新闻文章中选取一段，删去所有动词词尾、冠词或关系代词。填写完毕后，与原文进行比对。这既能提升语法准确性，也能增强对地道德语句法的敏感度。
8. Developing Analytical Skills for Film and Literature | 培养电影与文学的分析技巧
In Year 13, up to 55% of Paper 2 marks depend on essays about the works you have studied. This requires you to go beyond describing plot or characters and to present a coherent argument that analyses the director’s or author’s techniques, intentions and the socio-historical context. Summer is ideal for developing the habit of critical viewing and reading.
在 Year 13 中，试卷二高达 55% 的分数取决于你所学习作品的评析文章。这需要你超越对情节或人物的描述，提出连贯的论证，分析导演或作者的技巧、意图以及社会历史背景。暑假正是培养批判性观赏与阅读习惯的好时机。
If you have access to your set works, watch or read them once for general understanding, then a second time with a pencil in hand. Note down recurring symbols, camera angles in films, narrative voice, key quotations and themes. Write an analysis paragraph in German using the P.E.E.L. structure (Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link) for one central theme. For instance, for the film ‘Good Bye, Lenin!’, you might explore how the protagonist’s creation of a fake news broadcast reflects the theme of reality versus illusion.
如果你已经拿到了指定作品，可以先通看或通读一遍以获得整体理解，然后第二遍时持笔细品。记下反复出现的象征符号、电影中的镜头角度、叙述口吻、关键引语和主题。运用 P.E.E.L. 结构（观点、证据、解释、联系），就一个核心主题写一段德语分析文字。例如，针对电影《再见列宁！》，你可以探讨主人公伪造新闻广播这一行为如何反映现实与虚幻的主题。
Even without knowing your exact set text, you can practise with short films or poems from German-speaking artists. Write a short critique of a music video or advertisement, which forces you to describe visual elements and interpret their message – exactly the skills examined in the film essay. This low-stakes practice builds the vocabulary of analysis: ‘die Kameraperspektive’ (camera angle), ‘die Bildsprache’ (imagery), ‘der Wendepunkt’ (turning point), ‘die Botschaft’ (message).
即使不知道确切的指定篇目，也可以用德语艺术家的短片或诗歌进行练习。为一支音乐录影带或广告写一篇短评，这能迫使你描述视觉元素并解读其传达的信息——这正是电影作文所考查的技能。这种低风险的练习可以积累分析用语：“die Kameraperspektive”（镜头角度）、“die Bildsprache”（意象）、“der Wendepunkt”（转折点）、“die Botschaft”（信息）。
9. Exam Technique: Paper 1 Listening, Reading and Translation | 考试技巧：试卷一 听力、阅读与翻译
Paper 1 lasts 2 hours and accounts for 40% of the total A-level. The listening section demands the ability to process rapidly spoken German from different regional accents. During the summer, train your ear by listening to podcasts such as ‘Langsam gesprochene Nachrichten’ from Deutsche Welle or ‘Die Lage der Nation’ for more advanced content. Practise summarising each story in a single sentence, which mirrors the summary tasks in the exam.
试卷一考试时长为两小时，占 A-level 总分的 40%。听力部分要求学生能够处理语速较快、带有不同地区口音的德语。暑假期间，可以通过收听播客来训练听觉，比如德国之声的“慢速新闻”，或者更进阶的“Die Lage der Nation”。练习用一句话概括每条新闻的内容，这与考试中的摘要任务十分相似。
The reading section often includes authentic texts from newspapers, advertisements or extracts from novels. Build your reading stamina by setting a timer and reading a 500-word German article in one go, then answering comprehension questions you set for yourself. Pay attention to how the exam questions use synonyms and paraphrasing to test understanding, rather than direct lifting from the text. For translation into English, accuracy and natural expression are key. Practise by back-translating: translate a German paragraph into English, leave it for a day, then translate your English version back into German and compare with the original.
阅读部分经常选用来自报纸、广告或小说节选的真实文本。通过设定计时器，一次性读完一篇 500 词的德语文章，然后回答自己设计的问题，以此培养阅读耐力。注意考试题目如何通过同义词和转述来考查理解，而非直接从原文照搬。对于英译任务，准确性和自然表达是关键。可以通过“回译法”加以练习：将一段德语译成英语，隔天再将英语版译回德语，然后与原文进行比对。
Finally, the translation into German requires impeccable grammar and idiomatic phrasing. Create a bank of complex phrases that you can adapt, such as ‘Es lässt sich nicht leugnen, dass…’ (It cannot be denied that…), ‘Es ist bemerkenswert, dass…’ (It is remarkable that…), and ‘Im Großen und Ganzen…’ (On the whole…). Using these naturally will raise the quality of your translation output.
最后，德译任务要求语法无误、表达地道。建立自己的高级短语库，可以随时调用，例如“Es lässt sich nicht leugnen, dass…”（无可否认……）、“Es ist bemerkenswert, dass…”（值得注意的是……）以及“Im Großen und Ganzen…”（总的来说……）。自然地运用这些句式，将显著提升你的翻译质量。
10. Exam Technique: Paper 2 Written Response and Translation | 考试技巧：试卷二 书面回应与翻译
Paper 2 is worth 30% of the A-level and demands two essays – one on a literary text and one on a film, or two on literary texts, depending on your school’s selection – plus a translation into German. The biggest challenge is writing well-structured, analytical essays under time pressure. A summer writing habit is the most effective preparation. Aim to write one timed essay every two weeks, even if it is on a Year 12 topic or a general theme.
试卷二占总分的 30%，要求写两篇文章——一篇针对文学作品，一篇针对电影，或者根据学校的选择写两篇文学作品——外加一篇德译。最大的挑战是在时间压力下写出结构良好、分析透彻的文章。养成暑期写作习惯是最有效的准备。争取每两周写一篇限时作文，即使是基于 Year 12 的话题或一般性主题也可以。
When practising essays, focus on the introduction: it should immediately address the question, present a clear line of argument (Thesis) and outline the structure. For example, if the question asks ‘Inwiefern wird die Gesellschaft in X kritisiert?’ (To what extent is society criticised in X?), do not merely start describing the plot. Instead, state that the work criticises specific aspects of society through X, Y and Z, which will be analysed in the following paragraphs. This corresponds directly to the mark scheme’s requirement for a clear and persuasive argument.
练习作文时，重点关注引言部分：引言应直接回应题目，提出明确的论证主线（论点），并概述文章结构。例如，如果题目问“Inwiefern wird die Gesellschaft in X kritisiert?”（作品X在多大程度上对社会进行了批判？），不要仅仅开始描述情节。相反，应指出该作品通过X、Y、Z等方式批判了社会的特定方面，并将在下文中逐一分析。这与评分标准对清晰、有说服力的论证要求直接对应。
To enhance the quality of your analysis, memorise a set of analytical verbs: ‘darstellen’ (to portray), ‘kritisieren’ (to criticise), ‘verdeutlichen’ (to illustrate), ‘hinterfragen’ (to question), ‘entlarven’ (to expose). Use them to vary your sentence openings and avoid repetitive ‘The author says…’. The translation component of this paper is an unseen passage, often from a modern text. Regularly translate short extracts from German online magazines like ‘Der Spiegel’ or ‘Süddeutsche Zeitung’ to build fluency.
为提升分析文章的质量，可以熟记一组分析动词：“darstellen”（描绘）、“kritisieren”（批判）、“verdeutlichen”（阐明）、“hinterfragen”（质疑）、“entlarven”（揭露）。用它们来变化句首，避免重复“作者说……”。本试卷的翻译部分是一段未读过的文章，往往选自现代文本。定期翻译《明镜周刊》或《南德意志报》等德语在线杂志的短篇节选，以提升流畅度。
11. Exam Technique: Paper 3 Speaking | 考试技巧：试卷三 口语
The speaking exam is divided into two distinct parts: the discussion of a stimulus card linked to the Year 13 themes, and the presentation and discussion of your IRP. It accounts for
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