Year 13 WJEC Statistics: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memory Guide | 词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 13 WJEC Statistics: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memory Guide | 词汇术语速记指南

This quick-reference guide is designed to help Year 13 students on the WJEC syllabus master essential statistical vocabulary. Each term is presented with a concise English definition followed by a clear Chinese equivalent, allowing for bilingual reinforcement. By linking concepts across languages, you will deepen your understanding and be better prepared to interpret exam questions accurately.

这份速记指南专为修读 WJEC 课程 Year 13 统计的学生设计，旨在助你掌握核心统计词汇。每个术语先给出简明英文定义，再配以清晰中文解释，用双语强化记忆。将概念在两种语言间建立联系，能加深理解，让你在考试中准确解读题意。

1. Core Concepts | 核心概念

Population: The complete set of all individuals or items that we want information about. Think of it as the ‘whole pie’.

总体： 我们想要了解的全部个体或对象的集合。记住它是“整个派”。

Sample: A subset of the population selected for study. It is the ‘slice’ we actually observe.

样本： 从总体中选出的用于研究的一个子集。它是我们实际品尝的那“一小片”。

Parameter: A numerical summary describing a characteristic of a population, usually fixed but unknown (e.g., population mean μ).

参数： 描述总体某特征的数值概括，通常固定但未知（例如总体均值 μ）。

Statistic: A numerical summary calculated from sample data, used to estimate the corresponding parameter (e.g., sample mean x̄).

统计量： 由样本数据计算得出的数值概括，用于估计对应的参数（例如样本均值 x̄）。

Census: An attempt to collect data from every member of the population.

普查： 试图从总体的每一个成员处收集数据。

Sampling frame: A list of all members of the population from which the sample is drawn.

抽样框： 总体的所有成员的一份清单，从中抽取样本。

2. Descriptive Statistics | 描述性统计

Mean: The arithmetic average. For a sample: x̄ = (Σxᵢ)/n. It is sensitive to outliers.

均值： 算术平均数。对于样本：x̄ = (Σxᵢ)/n。它对异常值敏感。

Median: The middle value when data are ordered. It is robust and unaffected by extreme values.

中位数： 数据排序后位于中间的值。它具有稳健性，不受极端值影响。

Mode: The most frequently occurring value in a data set.

众数： 数据集中出现频率最高的值。

Range: The difference between the maximum and minimum values (max − min).

极差： 最大值与最小值之差（max − min）。

Interquartile Range (IQR): IQR = Q₃ − Q₁, measuring the spread of the middle 50% of the data.

四分位距（IQR）： IQR = Q₃ − Q₁，衡量中间 50% 数据的离散程度。

Variance: The average of the squared deviations from the mean. For a sample, it is calculated as s² = Σ(xᵢ − x̄)² /

Published by TutorHao | Year 13 统计 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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