📚 AS Edexcel French: Common Mistakes and Correction Methods | AS Edexcel 法语：常见误区与纠正方法
Mastering French at AS Level requires more than just memorising vocabulary. Many capable students lose marks through predictable errors in grammar, pronunciation-driven spelling, and register. This article highlights the most common pitfalls in the Edexcel specification and shows you exactly how to correct them. By understanding these mistakes, you can refine your written and spoken French, boost your confidence, and target those higher grade boundaries.
在 AS 阶段掌握法语远不止背诵单词。许多有实力的学生因为语法、发音导致的拼写错误以及语域选择等方面的常见失误而丢分。本文聚焦 Edexcel 考纲中最普遍的误区，并明确告诉你如何纠正。理解这些错误之后，你就能打磨书面与口头法语，增强信心，冲击更高分数档。
1. Gender Confusion and Agreement | 名词性别的混淆与配合
One of the most persistent mistakes is getting a noun’s gender wrong, which then affects articles, adjectives and pronouns. Never guess the gender of a new noun. Learn it with an indefinite article ‘un’ or ‘une’ from day one. Pay attention to reliable patterns: words ending in -tion, -sion, -té, -ette, -ence are almost always feminine; words ending in -age, -ment, -eau, -isme are typically masculine. However, there are notable exceptions like ‘le silence’, ‘le lycée’, so always verify.
最顽固的错误之一就是弄错名词的性别，这进而影响冠词、形容词和代词。绝不要凭空猜测一个新名词的性别。从一开始学习时就要带上不定冠词 un 或 une 一起记。关注可靠的规律：以 -tion、-sion、-té、-ette、-ence 结尾的词几乎总是阴性；以 -age、-ment、-eau、-isme 结尾的词通常为阳性。但也要注意像 le silence、le lycée 这样的明显例外，因此务必查证。
Adjective agreement is a direct consequence. For example, ‘une idée intéressante’ needs an extra -e, and ‘des enfants sportifs’ requires a plural form. Remember that some adjectives like ‘cher’ become ‘chère’ in the feminine, and irregular forms like ‘blanc’ → ‘blanche’, ‘gentil’ → ‘gentille’ need special attention. When an adjective precedes a plural noun starting with a vowel, note the pronunciation of the liaison, which can also be tested in dictation.
形容词配合是直接后果。比如 une idée intéressante 需要加 -e，而 des enfants sportifs 需要复数形式。记住有些形容词例如 cher 变阴性为 chère，而不规则形式如 blanc → blanche、gentil → gentille 需要特别注意。当形容词位于以元音开头的复数名词前时，注意联颂的发音，这在听写中也可能考查。
2. Verb Conjugation Under Pressure | 压力下的动词变位错误
Under timed conditions, students often revert to the infinitive or confuse irregular stems. High-frequency irregular verbs such as être, avoir, aller, faire, pouvoir, vouloir, devoir must be automatic. Write out conjugation drills for these in the present, imperfect, future and conditional tenses until they become second nature. A common mistake is writing ‘je peu’ instead of ‘je peux’, or ‘nous sommes allés’ with a missing past participle agreement when the subject is feminine plural: ‘nous sommes allées’.
在限时条件下，学生常会退回到动词不定式或混淆不规则词根。像 être、avoir、aller、faire、pouvoir、vouloir、devoir 这样的高频不规则动词必须能够条件反射般变位。以现在时、未完成过去时、简单将来时和条件式练习这些动词的变位表，直到熟能生巧。常见错误包括将 je peux 写成 je peu，或者在主语为阴性复数时遗漏过去分词的配合，例如 nous sommes allées 少写了 -es。
The passé composé versus imparfait distinction is a major source of lost marks. Use the passé composé for completed, one-off actions or a sequence of events. Use the imparfait for ongoing descriptions, habitual past actions, and background circumstances. A sentence like ‘Quand j’étais petit, je jouais au foot tous les jours’ shows the difference: ongoing state (imparfait) and habitual action (imparfait), while ‘Un jour, j’ai marqué un but’ is a single completed event (passé composé).
passé composé 与 imparfait 的区别是主要的失分点。使用 passé composé 表示完成的、一次性动作或一连串事件。使用 imparfait 表示持续的描述、习惯性的过去动作以及背景状况。像 Quand j’étais petit, je jouais au foot tous les jours 这句话展示了二者的不同：持续状态（imparfait）与习惯动作（imparfait），而 Un jour, j’ai marqué un but 则是单一完成事件（passé composé）。
3. Pronoun Order and Choice | 代词顺序与选择
Direct and indirect object pronouns cause confusion, especially when combined. The basic order before a conjugated verb is: me, te, se, nous, vous → le, la, les → lui, leur → y → en. After an infinitive, the pronouns go before it. A classic error is saying ‘Je le lui donne’ (I give it to him) but mixing up the order, or placing the indirect object pronoun incorrectly after the verb when it should be before. ‘Je donne le livre à Marie’ becomes ‘Je le lui donne’, not ‘Je lui le donne’.
直接宾语和间接宾语代词常造成混淆，尤其是合并使用时。在变位动词前的基本顺序是：me, te, se, nous, vous → le, la, les → lui, leur → y → en。在不定式之后，代词则置于其前。一个典型错误是在说 Je le lui donne 时把顺序搞混，或者错误地把间接宾语代词置于动词之后，而它本应前置。Je donne le livre à Marie 变为 Je le lui donne，而非 Je lui le donne。
The adverbial pronouns ‘y’ and ‘en’ are frequently misused. ‘Y’ replaces a place or an idea introduced by ‘à’, while ‘en’ replaces a phrase introduced by ‘de’ and also expresses quantity. When answering a question like ‘Tu vas à la piscine?’, the reply is ‘Oui, j’y vais’, not ‘J’y vais à la piscine’. With quantity, ‘Je voudrais des pommes’ becomes ‘J’en voudrais’. Never omit the pronoun if you have already mentioned the noun in the previous clause; redundancy is a common error in AS writing.
副代词 y 和 en 经常被误用。y 取代 à 引导的地点或事物，而 en 取代 de 引导的短语，也用来表示数量。当回答 Tu vas à la piscine? 这样的问题时，回答是 Oui, j’y vais，而不是 J’y vais à la piscine。数量方面，Je voudrais des pommes 变为 J’en voudrais。如果在前文中已经提到过该名词，就绝不要省略代词；冗余是 AS 写作中的常见错误。
4. Subjunctive Triggers and Construction | 虚拟式的触发与构造
Many students avoid the subjunctive because they find it intimidating, but Edexcel examiners expect to see it in higher-level answers, particularly in expressions of necessity, desire, emotion, doubt, and certain conjunctions. The most frequent error is using the indicative after phrases like ‘bien que’, ‘pour que’, ‘avant que’. Remember: ‘bien que + subjunctive’, e.g. ‘Bien qu’il soit tard, je continue’. Another common slip is forgetting the subjunctive after impersonal expressions like ‘il faut que’, ‘il est essentiel que’, ‘il est dommage que’.
很多学生因为觉得虚拟式令人生畏而回避使用，但 Edexcel 考官期望在较高水平的回答中看到它，尤其是在表达必要性、愿望、情感、怀疑以及某些连词之后。最常见错误是在 bien que、pour que、avant que 等短语之后使用直陈式。记住：bien que 后用虚拟式，例如 Bien qu’il soit tard, je continue。另一个常见失误是在无人称表达如 il faut que、il est essentiel que、il est dommage que 之后忘记使用虚拟式。
Form the subjunctive correctly by taking the third person plural present indicative stem, removing -ent, and adding the endings: -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent. Irregular stems include ‘aille’ for aller, ‘fasse’ for faire, ‘puisse’ for pouvoir, ‘sache’ for savoir. For example, ‘Je veux que tu fasses attention’ is correct, not ‘je veux que tu fais’. Be careful with the verbs avoir and être: ‘que j’aie’, ‘que nous ayons’, ‘que je sois’. The imperfect subjunctive is not required at AS but recognising it in reading is helpful.
正确构建虚拟式的方法是：取直陈式现在时第三人称复数词干，去掉 -ent，加上词尾 -e、-es、-e、-ions、-iez、-ent。不规则词干包括 aller 的 aille、faire 的 fasse、pouvoir 的 puisse、savoir 的 sache。例如，Je veux que tu fasses attention 是正确的，而不是 je veux que tu fais。留意 avoir 和 être 的变化：que j’aie、que nous ayons、que je sois。AS 阶段不要求使用虚拟式未完成过去时，但在阅读中识别它很有帮助。
5. Prepositions with Verbs and Places | 动词与地点的介词搭配
French prepositions often do not translate directly from English, leading to ‘anglicisme’ errors. Certain verbs demand specific prepositions before an infinitive or noun: ‘commencer à faire’, ‘décider de faire’, ‘réussir à faire’, ’empêcher de faire’. Mixing these up, such as saying ‘commencer de faire’, is a common mistake. Learn these verbal constructions as fixed chunks.
法语介词常常不能直接从英语直译过来，从而导致“英式法语”错误。某些动词在接不定式或名词时需要特定的介词：commencer à faire、décider de faire、réussir à faire、empêcher de faire。将这些搭配混淆，比如说出 commencer de faire，是常见错误。要把这些动词结构当成固定短语来学习。
Geographical prepositions also trip up candidates. Use ‘en’ with feminine countries and continents: en France, en Afrique. Use ‘au’ with masculine countries: au Canada, au Portugal. Use ‘aux’ with plural countries: aux États-Unis. For cities, the preposition is ‘à’: à Paris, à Londres. When expressing ‘from’, use ‘de’ (or d’) with cities and feminine countries, but ‘du’ for masculine countries: de France, du Canada, des États-Unis. Errors like ‘je vais à France’ must be eradicated early.
地理介词也会难倒考生。与阴性国家和大陆连用时用 en：en France, en Afrique。与阳性国家连用时用 au：au Canada, au Portugal。与复数国家连用时用 aux：aux États-Unis。城市前用介词 à：à Paris, à Londres。表达“来自”时，城市和阴性国家前用 de（或 d’），阳性国家前用 du：de France, du Canada, des États-Unis。像 je vais à France 这样的错误必须尽早根除。
6. Spelling Influenced by Pronunciation | 发音导致的拼写混淆
Because French has many homophones, AS learners frequently write one word when they mean another. This is particularly damaging in the dictation and written production components. Common confusions include: ‘a’ (has) and ‘à’ (to); ‘ou’ (or) and ‘où’ (where); ‘son’ (his/her sound) and ‘sont’ (are); ‘ce’ (this) and ‘se’ (oneself). Also, ‘ses’ (his/her plural) versus ‘ces’ (these) and ‘c’est’ (it is) versus ‘s’est’ (reflexive past).
由于法语存在大量同音词，AS 学生经常写错成另一个词。这在听写和书面表达部分尤为致命。常见的混淆包括：a（有）和 à（到）；ou（或者）和 où（在哪里）；son（他的/她的/声音）和 sont（是）；ce（这个）和 se（自己）。还有，ses（他/她的复数）与 ces（这些），以及 c’est（这是）与 s’est（自反动词过去式）。
Accents are not optional decoration; they completely change meaning. Missing the circumflex on ‘du’ makes it a partitive article, while ‘dû’ is the past participle of devoir. ‘Mur’ (wall) vs. ‘mûr’ (ripe), ‘sur’ (on) vs. ‘sûr’ (sure). The grave accent distinguishes words like ‘la’ (the) and ‘là’ (there). Always proofread for accents, especially in handwritten essays.
标调并非可有可无的装饰；它们会完全改变词义。du 上若缺少长音符号便是部分冠词，而 dû 是 devoir 的过去分词。mur（墙）与 mûr（成熟的），sur（在……上面）与 sûr（确信的）。开音调区分 la（冠词）与 là（那里）。务必在校对时检查标调，尤其是手写作文时。
7. False Friends and Anglicisms | 假朋友与英式法语
False friends are words that look similar in English and French but carry different meanings. At AS level, these can completely distort your message. Key examples: ‘actuellement’ means ‘currently’, not ‘actually’ (which is ‘en fait’); ‘une librairie’ is a bookshop, not a library (‘une bibliothèque’); ‘sensible’ means ‘sensitive’, not ‘sensible’ (‘raisonnable’); ‘assister à’ means ‘to attend’, not ‘to assist’ (‘aider’).
假朋友是指在英语和法语中看似相似但含义不同的词语。在 AS 阶段，这些词会完全曲解你的意思。关键示例：actuellement 意为“目前”，而非“实际上”（实际上用 en fait）；une librairie 是书店，不是图书馆（图书馆是 une bibliothèque）；sensible 意为“敏感的”，非“明智的”（明智的用 raisonnable）；assister à 意为“参加”，不是“帮助”（帮助是 aider）。
Anglicisms arise from translating English structures literally. A typical AS error is saying ‘Je suis 17 ans’ instead of ‘J’ai 17 ans’. ‘Je suis bien’ to express ‘I’m well’ is incorrect; use ‘Je vais bien’. Another common one is ‘regarder un film’ vs. the correct ‘regarder un film’ is actually fine, but ‘regarder la télévision’ is better than ‘regarder télé’. However, ‘écouter de la musique’ is correct; avoid ‘écouter à la musique’. Calque errors like ‘Je cherche pour mon sac’ should be ‘Je cherche mon sac’. Avoid overusing ‘en charge de’ to mean ‘in charge of’ when ‘responsable de’ is more idiomatic.
英式法语源于逐字翻译英语结构。典型的 AS 错误是说 Je suis 17 ans，而非 J’ai 17 ans。用 Je suis bien 表达“我很好”是错误的，应用 Je vais bien。另一个常见错误是介词赘余：écouter 直接跟名词，如 écouter de la musique，而不是 écouter à la musique。仿造错误如 Je cherche pour mon sac 应为 Je cherche mon sac。避免过度使用 en charge de 来表示“负责”，更地道的说法是 être responsable de。
8. Relative Pronouns: Qui, Que, Dont, Lequel | 关系代词 qui, que, dont, lequel
Choosing between ‘qui’ and ‘que’ depends on the grammatical function in the relative clause. ‘Qui’ is the subject, ‘que’ is the direct object. In ‘La femme qui parle est ma tante’, ‘qui’ is the subject of ‘parle’. In ‘La pomme que je mange est délicieuse’, ‘que’ is the object of ‘mange’. Many learners incorrectly generalise one form. ‘Dont’ replaces a phrase introduced by ‘de’, meaning ‘whose’, ‘of whom’, ‘of which’. For example, ‘Le livre dont j’ai besoin’ (the book I need, literally ‘the book of which I have need’). ‘Lequel’, ‘laquelle’, etc. are used after prepositions other than ‘de’, especially with inanimate objects. ‘La table sur laquelle j’écris’.
选择 qui 还是 que 取决于其在关系从句中的语法功能。qui 是主语，que 是直接宾语。在 La femme qui parle est ma tante 中，qui 是 parle 的主语。在 La pomme que je mange est délicieuse 中，que 是 mange 的宾语。许多学习者错误地将某一形式泛化。dont 取代 de 引导的短语，表示“谁的”“……的”。例如 Le livre dont j’ai besoin（我需要的那本书，字面意思是“我对其有需要的那本书”）。lequel、laquelle 等用于除 de 以外的介词之后，尤其是与非生命体搭配。如 La table sur laquelle j’écris。
Avoid the frequent error of using ‘dont’ when a preposition other than ‘de’ is required, or using ‘que’ instead of ‘dont’. Also, do not confuse the interrogative ‘lequel’ with the relative form. Practice converting sentences: ‘Je me sers de cet outil’ becomes ‘l’outil dont je me sers’. ‘Je pense à ce problème’ becomes ‘le problème auquel je pense’.
避免常见错误：在需要 de 以外介词的时候使用 dont，或者用 que 代替 dont。也不要混淆疑问词 lequel 和关系代词形式。练习转换句子：Je me sers de cet outil 变为 l’outil dont je me sers。Je pense à ce problème 变为 le problème auquel je pense。
9. Register and Formality in Writing | 写作中的语域与正式程度
AS Edexcel writing tasks demand a consistent and appropriate register. A typical mistake is mixing ‘tu’ and ‘vous’ within the same response, or using informal shortcuts like ‘t’as’ instead of ‘tu as’. In a formal letter or article, ‘vous’ must be maintained throughout. Similarly, avoid colloquial abbreviations such as ‘p’tit’ for ‘petit’, ‘d’jà’ for ‘déjà’ in writing. The phrase ‘on’ is acceptable in spoken French but in formal writing you should often prefer ‘nous’. For example, ‘On est allés au cinéma’ is informal, while ‘Nous sommes allés au cinéma’ is more suitable for an analytical essay.
AS Edexcel 写作任务要求语域一致且得体。一个典型错误是在同一回答中混用 tu 和 vous，或者使用像 t’as 这样非正式的缩略形式来代替 tu as。在正式信函或文章中，必须自始至终使用 vous。同样，在写作中要避免口语化的缩写，如用 p’tit 代替 petit，d’jà 代替 déjà。单词 on 在口语中可以接受，但在正式写作中通常应首选 nous。例如，On est allés au cinéma 偏口语化，而 Nous sommes allés au cinéma 更适用于分析性作文。
Connectives and structuring phrases also reflect register. Instead of ‘du coup’ (so, therefore), use ‘par conséquent’ or ‘donc’. Replace ‘en plus’ with ‘de plus’ or ‘en outre’. ‘Mais’ is neutral, but ‘cependant’ or ‘néanmoins’ upgrade your style. For concluding, ‘enfin’ can be refined to ‘en conclusion’ or ‘pour conclure’. These small adjustments show the examiner you can manipulate language for different contexts, which is essential for top marks.
连接词和结构短语也反映语域。不要使用 du coup（因此、所以），可用 par conséquent 或 donc 代替。将 en plus 替换为 de plus 或 en outre。mais 是中性的，但 cependant 或 néanmoins 能提升你的文风。结尾时，enfin 可以优化为 en conclusion 或 pour conclure。这些细微的调整向考官展示你能为不同语境灵活运用语言，这是获取高分的关键。
10. Listening and Reading Traps | 听力与阅读陷阱
In listening comprehension, students often miss the nuance because they focus on isolated words rather than the gist. French speakers use many filler words and fast liaison, so train your ear with authentic recordings like news bulletins and interviews. Beware of negative structures that are phonetically subtle: ‘ne … que’ sounds similar to ‘ne … pas’ but means ‘only’, not ‘no’. The difference between ‘plus’ (more) and ‘ne … plus’ (no more) often relies on a barely pronounced ‘s’. ‘Je n’en veux plus’ with a silent ‘s’ means no more, whereas ‘J’en veux plus’ with an audible ‘s’ means more.
在听力理解中，学生常因为只关注孤立的单词而非整体大意而错失细微差异。法语母语者会使用很多填充词和快速联颂，因此要用新闻简报和访谈等真实录音训练耳朵。要当心语音上不易区分的否定结构：ne … que 听起来像 ne … pas，但意思是“仅仅”，而非“没有”。plus（更多）和 ne … plus（不再）之间的区别往往取决于一个几乎不发音的 s。Je n’en veux plus（s 不发音）表示“不再要”，而 J’en veux plus（s 发音）表示“要更多”。
Reading tasks challenge students with synonyms and rephrasing. The answer is rarely a word-for-word match from the text. Beware of distractors: a statement might be partially true, but the text might contradict one detail. Look out for negation that is spread across the sentence, such as ‘personne ne …’, ‘rien ne …’, or ‘aucun … ne’. Also, conditional sentences with ‘si’ clauses often require you to distinguish a hypothetical situation from a real one, so check the mood of the verb carefully.
阅读任务通过同义词和改写来考验学生。答案极少与文本逐字对应。要当心干扰项：一个陈述可能部分正确，但文本可能否定其中一个细节。留意分散在句子各处的否定结构，如 personne ne …、rien ne … 或 aucun … ne。此外，带有 si 从句的条件句通常要求你区分假设情境与现实情境，因此要仔细核对动词的语式。
Published by TutorHao | French Revision Series | aleveler.com
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