Cambridge IGCSE Geography: Key Terms Memorisation Guide | 剑桥IGCSE地理：关键术语速记指南

📚 Cambridge IGCSE Geography: Key Terms Memorisation Guide | 剑桥IGCSE地理：关键术语速记指南

In Cambridge IGCSE Geography, a strong grasp of subject-specific vocabulary is essential for answering questions accurately. This guide provides a structured approach to learning key terms, linking definitions to real-world examples, and using effective memorisation techniques to boost your exam performance.

在剑桥IGCSE地理中，扎实掌握学科专用词汇对于准确答题至关重要。本指南提供了一种系统学习关键术语的方法，将定义与真实案例相联系，并运用有效的记忆技巧，以提升你的考试成绩。

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1. Why Terminology Matters | 术语为何重要

Using precise geographical terms demonstrates a deep understanding of concepts. Examiners expect you to define and apply terms correctly in context. Knowing the difference between ‘weather’ and ‘climate’, or ‘erosion’ and ‘weathering’, can gain you crucial marks.

使用精确的地理术语表明你对概念有深刻的理解。考官期望你能正确定义术语并在上下文中恰当运用。知道“天气”与“气候”的区别，或者“侵蚀”与“风化”的不同，可以为你赢得关键分数。

Memorising vocabulary also helps you structure longer answers. When you see a command word like ‘explain’, linking the term with a case study will make your response more coherent.

记忆词汇也有助于你构建较长的答案。当你看到像“解释”这样的指令词时，将术语与案例研究联系起来会使你的回答更加连贯。

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2. Physical Geography Essentials | 自然地理核心术语

Erosion is the process of wearing away and removing rock and soil by natural agents such as water, wind, or ice. It shapes landscapes over time.

侵蚀是指通过水、风或冰等自然营力磨损并搬运岩石和土壤的过程。它随着时间的推移塑造着地貌。

Weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks in situ without movement, caused by physical, chemical, or biological processes.

风化指的是岩石在原地发生破碎而没有移动，由物理、化学或生物作用引起。

Deposition occurs when transported material is dropped or laid down due to a decrease in energy, forming features like beaches or river deltas.

沉积发生在被搬运的物质因能量降低而被落下或堆积，形成海滩或河流三角洲等地貌。

Transportation describes the movement of eroded material by rivers, wind, or glaciers. The four main river transport processes are traction, saltation, suspension, and solution.

搬运描述被侵蚀的物质由河流、风或冰川移动的过程。河流搬运的四种主要方式是牵引、跃移、悬浮和溶解。

Hydraulic action is the force of moving water against the river bed and banks that dislodges and lifts material.

水力作用是流水冲击河床和河岸，松动并卷起物质的力量。

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3. Human Geography Essentials | 人文地理核心术语

Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas. It results from rural-to-urban migration and higher natural increase in cities.

城市化是指一个国家居住在城市地区的人口比例不断上升的过程，由农村向城市迁移和城市人口自然增长率较高引起。

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. Push factors (e.g., lack of jobs) drive people away, while pull factors (e.g., better services) attract them.

迁移是指人们从一个地方移动到另一个地方。推力因素（如就业机会缺乏）使人们离开，而拉力因素（如更好的服务）吸引人们。

Settlement hierarchy ranks settlements by size and importance, from isolated dwellings to conurbations. Higher-order settlements have more services and a larger sphere of influence.

聚落层级按规模和重要性对聚落进行排序，从独立房屋到集合城市。高层级聚落拥有更多服务和更大的服务范围。

The Central Business District (CBD) is the commercial and economic core of a city, characterised by high land values, tall buildings, and accessibility.

中央商务区（CBD）是城市的商业和经济核心，以高地价、高楼大厦和交通便利为特点。

Suburbanisation is the movement of people from inner urban areas to the edges, often leading to urban sprawl and the growth of dormitory settlements.

郊区化是人口从市中心地区向城市边缘迁移的过程，常导致城市蔓延和卧城聚落的增长。

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4. Map Skills Vocabulary | 地图技能词汇

Scale expresses the relationship between a distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground, such as 1:50,000.

比例尺表示地图上的距离与地面实际距离之间的关系，例如1:50,000。

Contour lines are lines on a topographic map that join points of equal height above sea level, showing the shape of the terrain.

等高线是地形图上连接海拔高度相同各点的线条，用以显示地形的形态。

Grid references use a six-figure coordinate to pinpoint a location accurately on an Ordnance Survey map.

网格坐标使用六位数字坐标在地形测量地图上精确定位某地点。

Compass directions (north, east, south, west) and bearings measured in degrees are essential for describing location.

罗盘方位（北、东、南、西）和以度数测量的方位角对于描述位置至关重要。

Layer shading uses different colours to represent heights on a map; darker colours often indicate higher land.

分层设色用不同颜色表示地图上的高度；较暗的颜色通常

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