GCSE CAIE Statistics: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | GCSE CAIE 统计：词汇术语速记指南

📚 GCSE CAIE Statistics: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | GCSE CAIE 统计：词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to your ultimate memorisation guide for GCSE CAIE Statistics! Mastering the precise terminology is just as vital as solving numerical problems. This guide pairs each key term with its essential definition and memory aids, presented in both English and Chinese to deepen your bilingual understanding and make revision stick.

欢迎使用这份 GCSE CAIE 统计学术语速记指南！精准掌握术语与解决计算题同样重要。本指南将每个关键术语与其核心定义及记忆窍门配对，以中英双语呈现，帮助加深双语理解，使复习效果更持久。

1. Fundamental Statistical Vocabulary | 基础统计词汇

Population refers to the complete set of individuals, objects, or events that we want to study. Memory trick: ‘Population’ starts with ‘P’ like ‘Parent’ – it is the parent group containing every possible member.

总体是我们希望研究的全部个体、对象或事件的集合。记忆窍门：总体（Population）首字母 P，联想“Parent（家长）”——家长包含家里所有成员，总体包含全部对象。

Sample is a smaller, manageable subset of the population, selected to represent the whole. Think of ‘Sample’ as a ‘slice’ of the whole cake – you taste a slice to judge the entire cake.

样本是从总体中选出的较小、便于处理的子集，用于代表整体。可以把样本想象成整块蛋糕的一片——尝一小片就能判断整块蛋糕的味道。

Variable is any characteristic, number, or quantity that can vary from one individual to another. The word ‘variable’ itself reminds you that it can change or ‘vary’.

变量是指个体之间可以变化的任何特征、数字或数量。“变量”这个词本身就提示它会“改变”或“变化”。

Data are the actual values or observations collected from a sample or population. Data can be numerical (numbers) or categorical (labels). Remember ‘Data’ = ‘Facts’.

数据是从样本或总体中收集的实际值或观测结果。数据可以是数值型（数字）或分类型（标签）。牢记“数据”就是“事实”。

Parameter is a numerical summary that describes a characteristic of a population, such as the population mean. Link ‘Parameter’ and ‘Population’ – both start with ‘P’.

参数是描述总体某一特征的数值摘要，例如总体平均值。将“参数”与“总体”联系起来——中文里都有“体/数”，英文都首字母 P。

Statistic is a numerical summary computed from a sample, used to estimate a population parameter. Connect ‘Statistic’ with ‘Sample’ – both start with ‘S’.

统计量是从样本计算出的数值摘要，用于估计总体参数。将“统计量”与“样本”联想——样本是用来计算统计量的。

2. Data Types & Collection Methods | 数据类型与收集方法

Primary data is information you collect yourself, first-hand, for a specific purpose (e.g., conducting a survey). ‘Primary’ = ‘first-hand’.

原始数据是你自己为一特定目的直接收集的第一手信息（如开展问卷调查）。原始 = 第一手。

Secondary data is information that has already been collected by someone else (e.g., government statistics, internet databases). ‘Secondary’ = ‘second-hand’.

二手数据是他人已经收集好的信息（如政府统计、互联网数据库）。二手 = 第二手。

Discrete data can only take specific, separate values, usually counted (e.g., number of students). You cannot have half a student. Think ‘discrete = distinct, countable steps’.

离散数据只能取特定的、分离的值，通常是计数的（

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