KS3 CAIE Drama: Key Terminology Quick Guide | KS3 CAIE 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南

📚 KS3 CAIE Drama: Key Terminology Quick Guide | KS3 CAIE 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南

This guide breaks down the core drama vocabulary you need for KS3 CAIE Drama. Each term is paired with a clear definition in English and Chinese, plus a memory hook to lock it in. Use these explanations to sharpen your analysis of performances, scripts, and your own devised work.

本指南拆解了 KS3 CAIE 戏剧课程必备的核心术语。每个术语都配有中英双语定义和记忆诀窍，帮你牢牢记住。用这些解释来磨炼你对演出、剧本和原创作品的分析能力吧。

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1. Stage Directions | 舞台方位

Upstage: The part of the stage furthest from the audience. To move upstage is to move away from the audience. (Memory hook: ‘up’ and away, like backing up.)

上舞台：离观众最远的舞台区域。向上舞台移动就是远离观众。（记忆诀窍：像往后倒退一样”上”去。）

Downstage: The part of the stage nearest the audience. When you come downstage, you are moving closer to the house. (Think of ‘down’ towards the front row.)

下舞台：最靠近观众的舞台区域。往下舞台移动就是接近观众席。（想像成”往下”走到第一排。）

Stage Left / Stage Right: These directions are always from the actor’s perspective when facing the audience. Stage left is on the actor’s left hand side; stage right is on the actor’s right.

舞台左 / 舞台右：这些方向永远以演员面对观众时的视角为准。舞台左是演员的左手边，舞台右是演员的右手边。

Centre Stage: The middle point of the stage floor, often the strongest acting position for drawing focus.

舞台中央：舞台地面的正中心，通常是最能吸引观众注意力的表演位置。

Blocking: The planned movement and positioning of actors on stage. Directors map blocking to tell the story clearly and create striking stage pictures.

走位调度：演员在舞台上有计划的动作和站位。导演会设计走位来清晰叙事，并创造出震撼的舞台画面。

Cross: A simple movement across the stage from one point to another. You might hear ‘cross down left’ meaning walk diagonally down to the left corner.

交叉走位：演员从一个位置横穿到另一个位置的简单移动。你可能会听到”交叉走左下”，意思是对角线方向走到左下方角落。

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2. Vocal Skills | 声音技巧

Projection: The ability to make your voice carry to the back of the performance space without shouting. It relies on breath support and clear diction.

声音投射：不靠喊叫就能让声音传遍整个演出空间的能力。它依赖气息支撑和清晰的咬字。

Pitch: How high or low your voice sounds. Varying pitch prevents a monotone delivery and expresses emotion (high pitch for excitement, low pitch for menace).

音高：声音听起来的高低程度。变化音高能避免单调的念白，还能表达情感（高音兴奋，低音威胁）。

Pace: The speed at which you speak. A rapid pace can show panic or excitement; a slow pace can build tension or suggest sadness.

语速：说话的速度。快速能表现慌张或兴奋；缓慢能制造紧张气氛或暗示悲伤。

Volume: Loudness or softness. A sudden drop to a whisper can be just as powerful as a shout.

音量：声音的强弱。突然降到耳语有时和呐喊一样具有力量。

Tone: The emotional quality of your voice. The same line can sound sarcastic, sincere or threatening just by changing the tone.

语气：声音里的情感色彩。同一句台词，改变语气就能听起来像讽刺、真诚或威胁。

Articulation: The crispness of your pronunciation. Crisp consonants and open vowels make every word understood.

吐字发音：发音的清晰度。清晰的辅音和打开的元音让每个词都能被听清。

Pause: A deliberate break in speaking. A silence can be loaded with meaning, giving the audience time to think or feel.

停顿：说话中有意的间断。沉默可以充满深意，给观众时间去思考和感受。

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3. Physical Skills | 形体技巧

Gesture: A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning. A clenched fist shows anger; an open palm can signal honesty.

手势：身体部位的动作，尤其是手或头，用来表达想法或含义。握拳表示愤怒；摊开手掌可以传达坦诚。

Posture: The way a character holds their body. Slumped shoulders may reveal defeat; an upright back can project confidence or authority.

体态：角色保持身体的方式。塌肩可能透露挫败感；挺直的背部能投射出自信或权威。

Gait: A character’s manner of walking. A slow, heavy gait can show tiredness or age; a light, bouncy gait suggests youth and energy.

步态：角色走路的样子。缓慢沉重的步态可以表现疲惫或年迈；轻快有弹性的步态暗示年轻和活力。

Facial Expression: What the face reveals about feelings. Eyebrows raised in surprise, a tight jaw in anger, a gentle smile in warmth.

面部表情：面部透露的情绪。眉毛挑起表示惊讶，咬紧牙关代表愤怒，温柔的微笑传递暖意。

Eye Contact: Where a character looks. Sustained eye contact can confront or connect; avoiding it can show shyness or guilt.

眼神交流：角色看向何处。持续的眼神接触可以对抗或产生连接；回避眼神能表现出害羞或愧疚。

Body Language: The overall message sent by posture, gesture, and facial expression combined. It often communicates more than words.

肢体语言：由体态、手势和面部表情共同发出的整体信息。它常常比语言传递得更多。

Levels: Using different heights (standing, crouching, on a platform) to show status or relationships. A character standing tall over another suggests power.

高低层次：利用不同的高度（站立、蹲下、站到平台上）来表现地位或关系。一个人高高站立在另一人上方暗示权力。

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4. Characterisation | 角色塑造

Motivation: The reason behind everything a character does. What your character wants in a scene drives their actions and reactions.

动机：角色所有行为背后的原因。角色在一场戏里想要什么，推动着他们的行动和反应。

Objective: The specific goal a character pursues in a scene or play. ‘I want to escape’ or ‘I want to be heard’ are clear objectives.

目标：角色在一场戏或整部剧中所追求的具体目标。”我想逃走”或”我想被倾听”都是清晰的目标。

Status: The power dynamic between characters. High status characters may use still, open postures; low status characters might fidget or look down.

地位：角色之间的权力动态。地位高的角色可能使用静止、开放的姿态；地位低的角色可能坐立不安或眼神向下。

Subtext: The unspoken thoughts and feelings beneath the words. When a character says ‘I’m fine’ while their voice shakes, the subtext is distress.

潜台词：台词之下没说出的想法和感受。当一个角色声音颤抖着说”我没事”，潜台词就是痛苦。

Given Circumstances: All the background facts about a character and their world: age, time period, relationships, past events that shape behaviour.

规定情境：关于角色及其世界的所有背景事实：年龄、时代、关系、过往事件，这些塑造了角色的行为。

Hot Seating: A rehearsal technique where you answer questions in character to deepen your understanding of their thoughts and backstory.

坐针毡：一种排练技巧，你以角色身份回答问题，从而加深对角色思想和背景故事的理解。

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5. Dramatic Tension | 戏剧张力

Tension: The sense of anticipation or uncertainty that keeps an audience engaged. Tension can be created through silence, conflict, or a ticking clock.

张力：那种让观众保持投入的期待感或不确定感。沉默、冲突或滴答作响的时钟都能制造张力。

Conflict: The struggle between opposing forces. It could be person vs person, person vs self, person vs society or person vs nature.

冲突：对立力量之间的斗争。可以是人与人的冲突、人与自我的冲突、人与社会的冲突或人与自然的冲突。

Cliffhanger: A moment of high suspense at the end of a scene or act, leaving the audience desperate to know what happens next.

悬疑收场：一场戏或一幕结束时高度悬疑的时刻，让观众迫切想知道接下来会发生什么。

Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows something the characters on stage do not. This gap creates humour or intense tension.

戏剧性反讽：观众知道而台上的角色不知道某些事情。这种信息差制造出幽默或强烈的紧张感。

Foreshadowing: Hints or clues about events to come. A broken mirror early in a play might foreshadow tragedy later.

预示：对未来事件的暗示或线索。剧中早期出现破碎镜子可能预示后面的悲剧。

Contrast: Placing opposites side by side – loud then quiet, fast then slow – to shock or surprise the audience and heighten tension.

对比：将相反的元素并置——响随后静，快随后慢——来冲击或使观众惊讶，增强张力。

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6. Plot Structure | 情节结构

Exposition: The opening section that introduces characters, setting and the situation. Think of it as the ‘who, where and what’ of the story.

开端：介绍角色、背景和情境的开场部分。可以视为故事的”人物、地点和事件”。

Rising Action: A series of events that build conflict and develop the story, leading towards the climax. Obstacles increase the stakes.

发展：一系列构建冲突、推进故事、导向高潮的事件。障碍不断增加赌注。

Climax: The most intense and decisive moment, the turning point. After this, the main conflict begins to resolve.

高潮：最紧张最具决定性的时刻，转折点。此后，主要冲突开始化解。

Falling Action: Events that follow the climax and start to untie the plot’s knots. Consequences of the climax are shown.

下降行动：高潮后的事件，开始解开情节的绳结。高潮带来的后果得以展现。

Denouement / Resolution: The final outcome of the story where loose ends are tied up and a new normal is established.

结局 / 解决：故事的最后结局，所有线索收束，建立新的常态。

Freytag’s Pyramid: A diagram that maps exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and denouement like a pyramid to show dramatic structure.

弗雷塔格金字塔：用金字塔图形标出开端、发展、高潮、下降行动和结局，展示戏剧结构。

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7. Theatre Spaces & Staging | 剧场空间与舞台布置

Proscenium Arch: A traditional stage framed by an arch, separating the audience from the performers like a picture frame. The audience faces one direction.

镜框式舞台：由拱形框架围合的传统舞台，像画框一样把观众和表演者隔开。观众面向一个方向。

Thrust Stage: A stage that extends into the audience on three sides. Performers are closer to the spectators, creating intimacy.

伸出式舞台：舞台三面延伸进观众席。表演者离观众更近，制造亲密感。

Theatre in the Round: The stage is completely surrounded by the audience. There is no ‘front’, so actors must turn and move to be seen by all.

四面舞台：舞台完全被观众环绕。没有”正面”，演员必须转动身体和走位以让所有人都看到。

Traverse: The audience sits on two opposite sides of the performance space, like alongside a catwalk. Actors play to both sides.

双面观众舞台：观众坐在表演区的两侧，如同观看时装秀。演员需面向两侧表演。

Black Box: A plain rectangular room with black walls and a flexible performance area. The stage and seating can be rearranged for each production.

黑盒子剧场：四周黑墙的朴素长方形房间，表演区灵活可变。每部作品可重新安排舞台和座位。

Site-Specific Theatre: Performance created for a non-traditional space, such as a park, warehouse or school hall. The venue shapes the piece.

特定场域戏剧：为非传统空间（如公园、仓库或学校礼堂）专门创作的表演。场地塑造了作品。

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8. Lighting & Sound | 灯光与音效

Blackout: A sudden complete darkness on stage, often used to end a scene or create a dramatic pause.

黑场：舞台上突然的全部熄灯，常用于结束一场戏或制造戏剧性停顿。

Crossfade: When one lighting state fades out as another fades in, creating a smooth transition between scenes or moods.

交叉淡变：一个灯光状态淡出同时下一个淡入，形成场景或情绪间的平滑过渡。

Gobo: A thin metal stencil placed in front of a light to project a pattern or shape, such as leaves, windows or stars, onto the stage floor.

图案片：放在灯前的薄金属模板，能把叶子、窗户或星空的图案投射到舞台地板上。

Spotlight: A sharp, focused beam that highlights a specific performer or area. It isolates and draws total attention.

追光 / 聚光灯：锐利聚焦的光束，用来突出某个表演者或区域。它隔离并吸引全部注意力。

Soundscape: A layered mix of atmospheric sounds (rain, traffic, wind) that builds the world of the play without music.

声景：由环境音（雨、车流、风声）层叠而成的声音，不用音乐就建立起戏剧的世界。

Diegetic Sound: Sound that comes from within the world of the play, like a telephone ringing that characters can hear.

剧情内音效：来源于戏剧世界内部的声音，比如角色能听到的电话铃声。

Non-Diegetic Sound: Sound added for the audience only, such as background music or a narrator’s voiceover that characters cannot hear.

剧情外音效：只为观众添加的声音，比如背景音乐或角色听不到的旁白。

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9. Costume, Props & Set | 服装、道具与布景

Costume: All clothing and accessories worn by an actor. Colour, texture and style communicate character, era, status and personality instantly.

服装：演员穿戴的全部衣物和配饰。颜色、质地和款式能瞬间传达角色、时代、地位和性格。

Props (Properties): Objects handled by actors on stage. A letter, a sword, a cup – anything that characters interact with.

道具：演员在舞台上操作的物品。一封信、一把剑、一只杯子——任何角色与之互动的物品。

Set: The physical surroundings built on stage to represent the location: walls, furniture, platforms, backdrops.

布景：在舞台上搭建的物理环境，代表地点：墙壁、家具、平台、背景幕。

Flat: A lightweight wooden frame covered with canvas or plywood, painted to look like a wall or door. Flats can be rearranged easily.

景片：轻质木框覆盖帆布或胶合板，绘成墙壁或门的样子。景片可以轻松重组。

Sight Lines: What the audience can see from every seat. Directors check sight lines to ensure no important action is hidden by a pillar or flat.

视线：观众从每个座位能看到的范围。导演会检查视线，确保重要动作不会被柱子或景片挡住。

Revolve: A turning circular section of the stage floor that can change scenes smoothly or give the illusion of walking a long distance.

转台：舞台地板上可旋转的圆形部分，能平滑转场或制造走了很长路程的错觉。

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10. Rehearsal & Performance Techniques | 排练与表演技巧

Freeze Frame / Still Image: A moment when all performers freeze like a photograph to capture a key moment or relationship for analysis.

定帧 / 静止画面：所有表演者像照片一样定住的瞬间，用来捕捉关键时刻或关系以供分析。

Thought-Tracking: Tapping a frozen performer on the shoulder so they speak their character’s inner thought aloud. This reveals subtext.

思维追踪：轻拍冻结中的表演者肩膀，让他们大声说出角色的内心想法。这能揭示潜台词。

Marking the Moment: Highlighting a significant instant in the drama through a still image, a slow-motion sequence, or a repeated line.

标记时刻：通过静止画面、慢动作序列或重复台词来强调戏剧中的重要瞬间。

Slow Motion: Moving at a fraction of normal speed to magnify emotions, show a memory or dream sequence, or give weight to an action.

慢动作：以正常速度的几分之一移动，放大情绪、呈现记忆或梦幻场景，或给动作增添分量。

Crosscutting: Moving between two or more scenes taking place at different times or locations to show connections or contrasts.

交叉剪辑：在两个或以上不同时间或地点发生的场景间来回切换，来展现联系或对比。

Improvise: Creating dialogue, action and story spontaneously without a script, used to explore character or generate material.

即兴表演：没有剧本地自发创作对话、动作和故事，用来探索角色或生成素材。

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11. Genres & Styles | 体裁与风格

Tragedy: A serious drama with a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion, often involving the downfall of the main character due to a fatal flaw.

悲剧：结局悲恸或灾难性的严肃戏剧，常因主角的性格缺陷而导致其覆灭。

Comedy: A light-hearted play designed to amuse and entertain the audience, usually with a happy ending and clever misunderstandings.

喜剧：旨在让观众发笑和愉快轻松的戏剧，通常有美满结局和机智的误会。

Melodrama: A style with exaggerated characters and exciting events, where music (melo) heightens emotion, and good usually triumphs over evil clearly.

情节剧：角色夸张、事件刺激的风格，音乐加强情绪，善恶分明且善通常胜利。

Naturalism: A style aiming to create a completely realistic representation of life on stage, as if peeping through a fourth wall into a real room.

自然主义：旨在舞台上创造完全逼真的生活再现，仿佛透过第四堵墙窥视真实的房间。

Physical Theatre: A style where storytelling is driven primarily by movement and the body rather than spoken text. Mime, dance and acrobatics may feature.

形体戏剧：主要通过动作和身体而非台词来叙事的风格。可能包含默剧、舞蹈和杂技。

Mime: Acting without words to tell a story through gesture, facial expression and precise movement; often uses the illusion of objects.

默剧：不用词语，通过手势、面部表情和精准动作来讲述故事的表演；常制造物体的幻觉。

Monologue & Duologue: A monologue is a long speech by one character; a duologue is a scene for two characters. Both can reveal inner thoughts.

独白与对白：独白是一个角色的大段台词；对白是两个角色的场景。两者都能揭示内心想法。

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12. Memorisation Tips | 速记技巧

Use the 3×5 card method: write the English term on one side and the Chinese definition on the other. Test yourself in both directions until you can flip the card and instantly recall the meaning.

运用卡片法：一面写英文术语，另一面写中文定义。双向自测，直到翻卡就能立刻想起意思。

Group related terms into families: vocal skills together, physical skills together, staging vocabulary together. Create mind maps with a central topic and coloured branches for each sub-group.

把相关术语分组归类：声音技巧放一起，形体技巧放一起，舞台词汇放一起。画出思维导图，中心写主题，用不同颜色分支代表子类别。

When you watch a play clip, say the terms aloud as you spot them. For example, ‘That was a downstage cross!’ or ‘I can hear the diegetic rain sound.’ This turns passive viewing into active recall.

观看戏剧片段时，大声说出你发现的术语。比如”那是下舞台交叉走位！”或”我听到了剧情内的雨声。”这样能把被动观看变成主动回忆。

Create a short scene using at least five target terms and explain your choices. If you use ‘thrust stage’, ‘projection’, ‘gait’, ‘contrast’ and ‘denouement’ in your devised piece, the vocabulary will stick.

设计一个短场景，至少用上五个目标术语，并解释你的选择。如果在原创片段里用上了”伸出式舞台””声音投射””步态””对比”和”结局”，词汇自然就记住了。

Pair up with a classmate and quiz each other by freezing in a posture and asking, ‘What physical skill am I showing?’ or ‘What lighting effect would suit this tension?’

和同学结对互相考问：做出一个定帧姿态后问”我在展示什么形体技巧？”或者”这种张力适合什么灯光效果？”

Finally, use the glossary table below to self-check daily. Cover one column and see if you can fill in the missing word.

最后，每天用下面的词汇表自检。遮住一列，看看能不能补出缺失的词。

English Term	中文术语
Upstage	上舞台
Projection	声音投射
Gesture	手势
Motivation	动机
Dramatic Irony	戏剧性反讽
Climax	高潮
Thrust Stage	伸出式舞台
Crossfade	交叉淡变
Freeze Frame	定帧
Subtext	潜台词

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