KS3 CAIE French: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference | KS3 CAIE 法语:公式定理速查手册

📚 KS3 CAIE French: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference | KS3 CAIE 法语:公式定理速查手册

Welcome to your essential quick-reference guide for KS3 CAIE French, where grammar rules and sentence patterns are treated like ‘formulas’ — easy to recall, apply, and master. This handbook covers the core structures you need: noun gender, articles, adjectives, present-tense conjugation, key irregular verbs, future, past tense, negation, question forms, prepositions, and time expressions. Each section presents the rule in a clear, bilingual format to support both comprehension and active use.

欢迎使用这本 KS3 CAIE 法语核心速查手册——我们把语法规则和句型当作“公式”来学习,帮助你快速记忆、灵活运用。手册涵盖名词性别、冠词、形容词、现在时变位、高频不规则动词、将来时、过去时、否定式、疑问句、介词及时间表达等关键内容。每节都以清晰的中英对照呈现,既便于理解,也有助于主动输出。


1. Nouns: Gender and Number | 名词:性与数

Every French noun has a gender — masculine or feminine — and a number (singular or plural). This gender is not always logical, so it must be learned with the noun. The plural is usually formed by adding an unpronounced -s, but there are exceptions (e.g. -al becomes -aux).

每个法语名词都有性(阳性或阴性)和数(单数或复数)。名词的性不一定有逻辑,需要连同冠词一起记忆。复数通常在词尾加不发音的 -s,但存在例外,如以 -al 结尾变为 -aux。

Masculine singular Feminine singular Masculine plural Feminine plural
un ami une amie des amis des amies
le chat la souris les chats les souris

2. Definite, Indefinite and Partitive Articles | 定冠词、不定冠词与部分冠词

The article must agree in gender and number with the noun. The partitive article (du, de la, de l’, des) is used for uncountable quantities or abstract concepts, often translated as ‘some’ or ‘any’.

冠词必须与名词保持性和数的一致。部分冠词(du, de la, de l’, des)用于不可数名词或抽象概念,常译为“一些”或“一点”。

Masculine Feminine Before vowel/h Plural
Definite le la l’ les
Indefinite un une un/une des
Partitive du de la de l’ des

After a negative expression, partitive and indefinite articles become ‘de’ or ‘d’ : Je n’ai pas de pain. (I don’t have any bread.)

在否定表达后,部分冠词和不定冠词变为 de 或 d’:Je n’ai pas de pain. (我没有面包。)


3. Adjectives: Agreement and Position | 形容词:性数配合与位置

Most adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. The feminine is often formed by adding -e, and the plural by adding -s. Some common adjectives precede the noun (beauty, age, goodness, size: BAGS).

大多数形容词需要与所修饰名词保持性和数的一致。阴性通常加 -e,复数加 -s。少数常用形容词放在名词前,可用“BAGS”(美、龄、善、尺)来记忆:beau, vieux, bon, grand 等。

English Masc. sg. Fem. sg. Masc. pl. Fem. pl.
small petit petite petits petites
happy heureux heureuse heureux heureuses

Regular position: une voiture rouge (a red car). BAGS: un beau jardin (a beautiful garden).

常规位置:une voiture rouge (一辆红色汽车)。BAGS 前置:un beau jardin (一个美丽的花园)。


4. Subject Pronouns and the Verbs ‘être’ & ‘avoir’ | 主语人称代词及动词 être 和 avoir

Subject pronouns are the foundation of conjugation. Two auxiliary verbs — être (to be) and avoir (to have) — are irregular and must be memorised; they are also used to form compound tenses.

主语人称代词是动词变位的基础。两个助动词 être(是)和 avoir(有)是不规则动词,必须熟记;它们还用于构成复合时态。

Pronoun être avoir
je suis ai
tu es as
il/elle/on est a
nous sommes avons
vous êtes avez
ils/elles sont ont

5. Regular -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs in Present Tense | 规则动词现在时变位(-er, -ir, -re)

Regular verbs follow predictable patterns. About 90% of French verbs are -ER verbs. To conjugate, remove the infinitive ending and add the appropriate subject ending.

规则动词遵循可预测的变化模式。约 90% 的法语动词以 -er 结尾。变位时去掉不定式结尾,加上对应主语人称的词尾。

Subject parler (to speak) finir (to finish) vendre (to sell)
je parle finis vends
tu parles finis vends
il/elle/on parle finit vend
nous parlons finissons vendons
vous parlez finissez vendez
ils/elles parlent finissent vendent

6. Irregular Verbs: aller, faire, pouvoir, vouloir | 不规则动词:aller, faire, pouvoir, vouloir

These high-frequency irregular verbs must be learnt by heart. They often serve as semi-auxiliaries or appear in common expressions.

这些高频不规则动词必须熟记。它们常作半助动词或在日常表达中使用。

Subject aller (to go) faire (to do/make) pouvoir (can) vouloir (to want)
je vais fais peux veux
tu vas fais peux veux
il/elle/on va fait peut veut
nous allons faisons pouvons voulons
vous allez faites pouvez voulez
ils/elles vont font peuvent veulent

7. Near Future and Simple Future | 最近将来时与简单将来时

The near future (futur proche) is formed with aller + infinitive, much like English ‘going to’. The simple future (futur simple) adds endings (-ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont) to the infinitive (or irregular stem).

最近将来时由 aller + 动词不定式构成,类似英语的 “going to”。简单将来时则在不定式(或不规则词干)后加上词尾 -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont。

Near future: Je vais manger. (I am going to eat.)

Simple future: Je mangerai. (I will eat.)

Irregular future stems: être → ser-, avoir → aur-, aller → ir-, faire → fer-, pouvoir → pourr-, vouloir → voudr-.

不规则将来时词干:être → ser-,avoir → aur-,aller → ir-,faire → fer-,pouvoir → pourr-,vouloir → voudr-。


8. Passé Composé with avoir and être | 复合过去时(avoir 与 être 助动词)

The passé composé is formed with the present tense of avoir or être + past participle. Most verbs use avoir. A group of intransitive verbs (verbs of movement/state) use être, and the past participle agrees with the subject. The mnemonic DR & MRS VANDERTRAMP helps recall these verbs.

复合过去时由 avoir 或 être 的现在时 + 过去分词构成。大多数动词使用 avoir。一部分不及物动词(移动或状态动词)使用 être,且过去分词要与主语性数配合。可用 DR & MRS VANDERTRAMP 助记这些动词。

J’ai parlé. (I spoke.)

Elle est allée. (She went.) — agreement: added -e.


9. Negation: ne … pas, ne … jamais, etc. | 否定形式:ne … pas, ne … jamais 等

Negation in French typically wraps around the conjugated verb: ne + verb + pas. Other negative phrases include ne … jamais (never), ne … plus (no longer), ne … rien (nothing), ne … personne (nobody). Remember that ‘ne’ becomes n’ before a vowel.

法语否定通常环绕变位动词:ne + 动词 + pas。其他否定结构包括 ne … jamais (从不)、ne … plus (不再)、ne … rien (什么都没有)、ne … personne (没有人)。注意 ne 在元音前变为 n’。

Je ne mange pas de viande. (I don’t eat meat.)

Il n’a jamais vu ce film. (He has never seen this film.)


10. Asking Questions: est-ce que, inversion, intonation | 提问方式:est-ce que, 倒装, 语调

There are three main ways to form a yes/no question: (1) rising intonation (Tu aimes le chocolat?), (2) adding ‘Est-ce que’ at the beginning (Est-ce que tu aimes le chocolat?), (3) inversion of subject and verb (Aimes-tu le chocolat?). Inversion is more formal.

一般疑问句有三种构成方式:(1)用升调(Tu aimes le chocolat ?),(2)句首加 Est-ce que(Est-ce que tu aimes le chocolat ?),(3)主谓倒装(Aimes-tu le chocolat ?)。倒装较为正式。

Où habites-tu ? / Où est-ce que tu habites ? (Where do you live?)


11. Common Prepositions and Their Contractions | 常见介词及其缩合

Prepositions indicate location, direction, time, and manner. Key prepositions: à (to/at), de (from/of), dans (in), sur (on), sous (under), devant (in front of), derrière (behind), entre (between). Contractions occur with à + le = au, à + les = aux, de + le = du, de + les = des.

介词表示地点、方向、时间和方式。关键介词:à(到/在),de(来自/的),dans(在……里面),sur(在……上面),sous(在……下面),devant(在……前面),derrière(在……后面),entre(在……之间)。缩合形式:à + le = au,à + les = aux,de + le = du,de + les = des。

Je vais au cinéma. (I’m going to the cinema.)

Le livre du professeur. (The teacher’s book.)


12. Time Expressions and Adverbs | 时间表达与副词

Time expressions are essential for narrating events. Common ones: aujourd’hui (today), demain (tomorrow), hier (yesterday), maintenant (now), plus tard (later), souvent (often), toujours (always), déjà (already), encore (still/again). They usually go after the verb.

时间表达对于叙述事件至关重要。常用词汇:aujourd’hui(今天),demain(明天),hier(昨天),maintenant(现在),plus tard(晚些),souvent(经常),toujours(总是),déjà(已经),encore(仍然/再次)。它们通常位于动词之后。

Le mercredi, je joue au tennis. (On Wednesdays, I play tennis.)

Elle arrive demain. (She is arriving tomorrow.)


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