📚 KS3 OCR Statistics: Vocabulary Quick Reference Guide | KS3 OCR 统计词汇术语速记指南
Mastering statistics starts with a solid grasp of key terms. This guide provides clear definitions and memorable explanations for every essential concept you will meet in the KS3 OCR statistics curriculum, helping you to read questions accurately and write answers with confidence.
掌握统计学首先要扎实理解关键术语。这份指南为 KS3 OCR 统计课程中的每个核心概念提供了清晰的定义和易于记忆的解释，帮助你准确读题并自信作答。
1. Average (Mean) | 平均数
The mean is the sum of all data values divided by the number of values. It is often called the ‘average’ in everyday language.
平均数是将所有数据值的总和除以数据的个数。它在日常语言中常被直接称为“平均”。
Mean = (Sum of all data) ÷ (Number of data points)
2. Median | 中位数
The median is the middle value when the data is arranged in order from smallest to largest. If there are two middle numbers, the median is the mean of those two numbers.
中位数是将数据按从小到大的顺序排列后处于中间位置的数值。如果有两个中间数，中位数就是这两个数的平均数。
3. Mode | 众数
The mode is the value that appears most often in a data set. A set of data can have one mode, more than one mode (bimodal or multimodal), or no mode at all.
众数是数据集中出现次数最多的数值。一组数据可以有一个众数、多个众数（双众数或多众数），也可能根本不存在众数。
4. Range | 范围
The range measures how spread out the data is. It is calculated by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value.
范围用来衡量数据的分散程度，通过最大值减去最小值来计算。
Range = Largest value − Smallest value
5. Frequency | 频率 / 频数
Frequency is the number of times a particular data value occurs. A frequency table organises data by listing values alongside their frequencies.
频率（频数）是指某个特定数据值出现的次数。频率表格通过列出每个数值及其出现的次数来整理数据。
| Score | Frequency |
|---|---|
| 1 | 5 |
| 2 | 8 |
| 3 | 3 |
6. Probability | 概率
Probability is a measure of how likely an event is to happen. It is always a number between 0 and 1, often expressed as a fraction, decimal or percentage.
概率衡量一个事件发生的可能性大小。它总是介于 0 到 1 之间的数值，常用分数、小数或百分比表示。
Probability = (Number of favourable outcomes) ÷ (Total number of possible outcomes)
7. Bar Chart | 条形图
A bar chart uses rectangular bars to represent data. The length or height of each bar is proportional to the frequency. Bars do not touch each other, which distinguishes it from a histogram.
条形图使用矩形条来表示数据。每个条的长度或高度与对应的频率成正比。条形之间不接触，这一点与直方图不同。
8. Pie Chart | 饼图
A pie chart displays data as sectors of a circle. Each sector’s angle is proportional to the frequency it represents. The whole circle represents the total.
饼图将数据展示为圆的各个扇形。每个扇形的角度与它所代表的频率成正比。整个圆代表总量。
9. Scatter Graph | 散点图
A scatter graph shows the relationship between two sets of data. Each point on the graph represents a pair of values. It helps to see if there is a correlation between the two variables.
散点图展示两组数据之间的关系。图上的每个点代表一对数值。它有助于观察两个变量之间是否存在相关性。
10. Correlation | 相关性
Correlation describes the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables. Positive correlation means as one variable increases, the other tends to increase. Negative correlation means as one increases, the other tends to decrease. No correlation means there is no obvious pattern.
相关性描述两个变量之间关系的强度和方向。正相关意味着一个变量增加时，另一个也倾向于增加。负相关意味着一个增加时，另一个倾向于减少。无相关则表示没有明显的规律。
11. Questionnaire | 问卷
A questionnaire is a set of questions used to collect data. Good questions should be clear, unbiased, and provide response options that are easy to analyse.
问卷是用于收集数据的一组问题。好的问题应当清晰、无偏见，并提供易于分析的答案选项。
12. Hypothesis | 假设
A hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts what you think will happen in an investigation. In statistics, you often start with a hypothesis and then collect data to see if it is supported.
假设是一个可检验的陈述，预测你在调查中认为会发生的事情。在统计中，你通常先提出一个假设，然后收集数据来检验该假设是否得到支持。
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