Mastering Historical Vocabulary for KS3 CAIE History | KS3 CAIE 历史：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Mastering Historical Vocabulary for KS3 CAIE History | KS3 CAIE 历史：词汇术语速记指南

Understanding the language of history is the first step towards thinking like a historian. In KS3 CAIE History, you will encounter many key terms that describe time periods, types of evidence, political systems, and social changes. This guide will help you memorise essential vocabulary through clear definitions and bilingual explanations, so you can confidently tackle sources, essays, and exams.

理解历史的语言是像历史学家一样思考的第一步。在 KS3 CAIE 历史课程中，你会遇到许多描述时间段、证据类型、政治制度和社会变化的关键术语。本指南将通过清晰的定义和双语解释帮助你记忆核心词汇，让你自信地应对原始资料、论文和考试。

1. Time and Chronology Terms | 时间与年代术语

Chronology is the arrangement of events in the order they occurred. Mastering time-related vocabulary helps you create timelines and understand cause and effect.

年代学是指按事件发生的顺序排列。掌握与时间相关的词汇有助于你构建时间线并理解因果关系。

The terms BC (Before Christ) and AD (Anno Domini, Latin for “in the year of the Lord”) are traditional labels used in the Gregorian calendar. BC years count backwards, so 100 BC is earlier than 50 BC.

术语 BC（公元前）和 AD（公元，拉丁语“主的年份”）是格里高利历中使用的传统标签。BC 年份是倒着数的，因此公元前 100 年比公元前 50 年早。

BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) are equivalent, non-religious alternatives. 2025 CE is the same as AD 2025, and 44 BCE is the same as 44 BC.

BCE（公元前）和 CE（公元）是相同的、非宗教的替代术语。公元 2025 年等同于 AD 2025，公元前 44 年等同于 44 BC。

A century is a period of 100 years. The 19th century refers to the years 1801–1900. A decade is 10 years, and a millennium is 1,000 years.

一个世纪是 100 年的时间。19 世纪指的是 1801–1900 年。十年是 10 年，千禧年是 1000 年。

An era is a long and distinct period of history with a particular characteristic, such as the Elizabethan Era or the Industrial Era.

时代是一个具有特定特征的、漫长而独特的历史时期，例如伊丽莎白时代或工业时代。

Circa (c. or ca.) means “approximately” and is used when the exact date of an event is uncertain, e.g. c. 1200.

Circa（缩写 c. 或 ca.）意为“大约”，在事件的确切日期不确定时使用，例如约公元 1200 年。

2. Types of Historical Evidence | 历史证据类型

Historians rely on evidence to reconstruct the past. Understanding the different types of sources is crucial for evaluating reliability and usefulness.

历史学家依靠证据重建过去。了解不同类型的史料来源对于评估可靠性和有用性至关重要。

A primary source is a first-hand account or original object created during the time under study. Examples include diaries, letters, photographs, and artefacts.

一手史料是一手记述或研究对象所处时代产生的原始物品。例如日记、信件、照片和文物。

A secondary source is an interpretation or analysis based on primary sources, created by someone who did not experience the events first-hand. Textbooks and documentaries are secondary sources.

二手史料是基于一手史料进行的解释或分析，由没有亲身经历该事件的人创作。教科书和纪录片属于二手史料。

An artefact is a physical object made by humans, such as tools, pottery, or jewellery, which provides insight into daily life in the past.

文物是人类制作的实物，如工具、陶器或珠宝，为过去日常生活提供了直观的材料。

Oral history refers to stories, memories, and traditions passed down by word of mouth, often recorded for preservation.

口述史指的是通过口口相传的故事、记忆和传统，通常会录制下来加以保存。

Bias is a tendency to favour one side or viewpoint over another. A source can be biased due to the author’s background, purpose, or audience.

偏见是一种倾向于支持某一方或某一观点的态度。由于作者的背景、目的或受众，一份史料可能存在偏见。

3. Political and Government Terms | 政治与政府术语

Political vocabulary helps

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