Pre-U WJEC Economics: Case Study Practice Drills | 案例分析实战演练

📚 Pre-U WJEC Economics: Case Study Practice Drills | 案例分析实战演练

Mastering case studies is essential for success in Pre-U WJEC Economics. This article walks you through a realistic practice drill based on a petrol tax increase, demonstrating how to deconstruct the case, apply micro and macro theory, draw diagrams, and evaluate policy with precision.

掌握案例分析对于Pre-U WJEC经济考试成功至关重要。本文将通过一个提高汽油税的真实演练案例，带你逐步展示如何拆解案例、应用微观与宏观理论、绘制图表并精准评估政策。

1. Setting the Scene: The Mock Case | 构建场景：模拟案例

Let us begin with the following case extract that could appear in a Pre-U WJEC exam data sheet:

我们从以下可能出现在Pre-U WJEC考试数据手册中的案例节选开始：

The UK government announces a rise in fuel duty on unleaded petrol from £0.5795 per litre to £0.70 per litre. The policy aims to cut CO₂ emissions and generate £4 billion extra revenue for green transport projects. Petrol demand is price inelastic in the short run (PED ≈ –0.3). The UK petrol market is supplied by a few large firms, but market prices are competitive. Assess the likely economic effects of this policy.

英国政府宣布将无铅汽油的燃油税从每升0.5795英镑提高到0.70英镑。该政策旨在减少二氧化碳排放，并为绿色交通项目增加40亿英镑额外收入。短期内汽油需求缺乏弹性（PED ≈ –0.3）。英国汽油市场由少数大企业供应，但市场价格竞争激烈。请评估该政策可能带来的经济影响。

Your task is to produce a structured analysis and evaluation. Let’s work through the drill step by step.

你的任务是进行结构化的分析与评价。让我们逐步进行演练。

2. Step 1: Deconstruct the Context and Command Word | 第一步：解构背景与指令词

Always start by identifying the type of market, the instrument of policy, and the main stakeholders. Here we have an indirect tax (excise duty) imposed in a relatively competitive petrol market, with a given PED. The command ‘assess’ requires balanced evaluation of effects, not just description.

始终首先要识别市场类型、政策工具和主要利益相关方。这里我们遇到的是在相对竞争性的汽油市场中征收的间接税（消费税），并给定了PED。指令词“评估”要求平衡地评价影响，而不仅仅是描述。

Highlight the key data: tax rise per unit = £0.1205, short-run PED of –0.3, and the revenue target. These numbers will drive your diagrammatic and quantitative analysis.

突出关键数据：每单位税额增加0.1205英镑，短期需求价格弹性为–0.3，以及收入目标。这些数字将推动你的图示和定量分析。

3. Step 2: Identify Core Economic Concepts | 第二步：识别核心经济概念

Link the case to relevant theories from your Pre-U syllabus. Core concepts include: indirect taxation and its incidence, price elasticity of demand and supply, negative externalities of petrol consumption, government revenue, deadweight loss, and potential environmental benefits. Macro concepts such as AD, inflation, and fiscal policy may also be relevant.

将案例与Pre-U大纲中的相关理论联系起来。核心概念包括：间接税及其归宿、需求和供给的价格弹性、汽油消费的负外部性、政府收入、无谓损失以及潜在的环境收益。总需求、通货膨胀和财政政策等宏观概念也可能适用。

Decide on a framework: your analysis can follow the structure Micro → Macro → Evaluation. Ensure you mention both allocative efficiency and equity concerns.

确定分析框架：你可以按照微观→宏观→评价的结构进行。务必同时提及配置效率与公平问题。

4. Step 3: Microeconomic Analysis – Tax Incidence and Welfare | 第三步：微观经济分析——税收归宿与福利

Draw a standard demand-supply diagram for the petrol market. Label the initial equilibrium price P₀ and quantity Q

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